Mawãƙi Dzhon Donn: biography, kerawa da kuma na sirri rayuwa

Dzhon Donn aka haife shi a London a 1572 (tsakanin 23,01 da kuma 19.06). Mahaifinsa m m. Ya mutu lokacin da Yahaya da ba ko da shekaru hudu. 'Yar marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma mawãƙi D. Haywood ya mahaifiyarsa. Daga cikin kakanninsa, ta yi ma T. Mora.

horo lokaci, da ƙi dauki rantsuwar

A shekaru 12, Dzhon Donn sa suna a Oxford University (a Hart Hall). Bayan shekaru uku ya koma Cambridge. Donne bai samu a wani jami'a digiri. Zai yiwu, da kuma farkon m zuwa, da kuma kin amincewa da m kammala horo saboda gaskiyar cewa Donne zai ba rantsuwa amincewa da m Church of England. Jobseekers daga duk wani mataki da ake bukata a lokacin da ta rantsuwarka. Duk da haka, domin a Katolika da shi ya sawwaƙe.

Tafiya zuwa kasashe daban-daban

Donn, da barin jami'a, tafiya don wani lokaci a Spain da kuma Italiya. Game da ransa kadan da aka sani kafin a 1591 ya sa suna a cikin dokar kamfani a karkashin sunan "Tavis Inn". A shekara daga baya ya koma zuwa wani Donne - "Lincoln ta Inn", inda ya zauna ga shekara uku.

Yahaya a cikin 1596-97 biennium. Ya kasance daya daga cikin "Gentlemen-sa kai" da suke mambobi na da "zinariya matasa" da kuma gangarawa ga Earl na Essex, shahara tsakanin mutane, a cikin wani ɗan fashin teku balaguro da Cadiz. Sa'an nan suka shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa Azores, a cikin ƙulle-fated "Island yaƙin neman zaɓe." A yakin da aka ƙawãta musu zuwa sakonnin Spanish jiragen ruwa dawo daga dukiyar da take America.

John zama a san

Donna ta aiki a kan gaba 4 shekaru ya kasance nasara. Ya aka ma zabe a memba na majalisar a 1601. Donn aka sani a matsayin mai mawãƙi, ba buga guda line. Rubuta a litattafan "Paradoxes kuma Matsaloli" zamani ganin darajarsa kamar yadda ya yi ƙoƙarin yi wa raya gargajiya siffofin (epigram ayar sakon satire soyayya elegy).

Asirin aure da nasa sakamakon

Dzhon Donn a Janairu 1602, a asirce aure Anne Moore, mai goma sha bakwai bana yarinya. Mahaifinta kokarin sa sabon-a-dokar da aka aika zuwa kurkuku. Ya yi zauna a kurkuku jiragen ruwa, kazalika da rasa su wuri a cikin sabis na tsaron cikin Seals. Donne fito daga kurkuku, ya fita daga aiki. Kusan gaba daya ƙafe da sau daya-m gado ne. Tsakanin 1602 da 1615 - m, kuma mai tsanani shekaru. Donn bincike a banza domin yin amfani da su, talanti.

Goma sha biyu yara Anne ta haifa masa, da waɗansu bakwai tsira mahaifiyarsa, wanda ya mutu a 1617. Donna ta farko 2-3 shekaru rayu a cikin matar ta dangi a Surrey. A 1605 da suka koma wani gidan a Mitchum, kusa da Landan.

A samu nasara a yi amfani da talanti

Sosai da kuma na dogon lokaci Dzhon Donn karatu tauhidin, Canon dokar da coci tarihi. Ya taimake T. Morton, wanda daga baya ya zama Bishop na Durham a cikin shekaru 1605-07, a cikin halittar polemical rubuce-rubucen directed da Katolika. Morton daga baya a 1607 wa'adi, wa'adi mai kyau zuwa na Donna, idan karshen yanke shawarar da ya yi tsarki umarni. Duk da haka, John ne har yanzu sa ran sa a wadanda mutane aiki. Ya yi kokari unsuccessfully kai wurin Sakataren - na farko a Ireland, sa'an nan - a Virginia. Kokarin Donne kuma samun post na jakadan a Venice da kuma The Hague. A daidai wannan lokaci, an yi ta da yawa Masterpieces na soyayya shayari, mafiya yawa daga addini waqe, kazalika da nagartaccen karin wasiku.

A rubuce-rubuce, da wanda Donna fara ci gaba a wurin aiki

A 1610 ya zo na farko da aka buga aikin Yahaya "Kirkiro shahidi." Yana da aka sadaukar domin King James. A littafin ne mai tsananin haske tsaro kawo shi da bai'a ga Turanci kambi, wanda aka zamar masa dole ya Katolika bayan da ya faru a cikin 1605 Gunpowder Plot. Dzhon Donn lada domin wannan aiki shi ne mataki na Master of Arts da babbar Oxford University. Sarki ya tun a bainar jama'a ya bayyana cewa, John zai inganta sabis, idan ya yanke shawarar da ya zabo ecclesiastical aiki. Donne a wannan shekara ya samu, a karshe, ya zama majiɓinci saint. Suka zama R. Drury. A lokacin daga Nuwamba 1611 a kan Agusta 1612, ya yi tafiya tare da shi a kasashen waje. Bayan Donne koma, ya koma iyalinsa zuwa cikin gidan, located a Drury Lane. John zauna a nan har 1621.

Keɓewa, da firistoci, koyarwa ayyukan

"Gwaje-gwajen a tauhidin", halitta a lokacin tsakanin 1611 da kuma 1615 a shekara, ba da alama cewa an rubuta su da wani wanda za a iya kira quite shirye ga coci sabis. Donn Janairu 23, 1615 ya aka wajabta wani firist kuma Irena. Korol Yakov sanya shi daya daga cikin chaplains. Ya kuma yi tabbata cewa Donn aka bayar da digiri na Doctor of Jami'ar Cambridge Kalam. Daya daga cikin mafi babbar sassan a London, ya aka sanya a cikin 1616. Donn ya koyar da tauhidin dattawan "Lincoln ta Inn" - a shari'a kamfani.

Rashin lafiya da kuma littafin dogara ne a kan wani sabon kwarewa

Sarki a marigayi 1621 nada John mazaunin na St Paul Cathedral. Donn kadan waqe halitta a cikin tsawon sabis a cikin coci. Amma a 1624 ya buga "The salla kuma ayyukan hajji na lokuta a sa a kashe", psychologically astute da kuma cike da tashin hankali. Wannan shi ne wani rahoto game da rashin lafiya, wadda ta zama kusan m, wanda ya sha wahala a 1623. Cutar ya zama wani madubi na ruhaniya yanayin John Donne. Ya ga ya dogara a kan alherin Allah. Dzhon Donn mutu Maris 31, 1631 a London.

Wa'azin da kuma kasidu da John Donne

Ya gãdar wa ɗansa, fiye da 160 wa'azin. Dan buga su a cikin 3 kundin. Dzhon Donn wa'azi, fĩfĩta kira da gargaɗinsa gare su da halin kirki tsarkakewa mutane muhawwara game da data kasance saba wa juna a cikin rukunan, wanda rabu daga Roman Katolika Church of England. Duk da hankali kimiyya bincike na wurare daban-daban daga Littãfi, kuma wani lokacin Latinized ƙamus da kuma ginin kalma, a cikin wa'azin, za ka iya samun wannan arziki hasashe da kuma m rhythms, halayyar da shayari. Wa'azin Donna, tare da addu'a kulla shi zaunanniya daraja da yin daya daga cikin mafi girma da Masters English litattafan.

Very 'yan kuskure ya buga wani waka Dzhon Donn. Ya waqe da aka yi nufi ga wani zaži da'irar. Suna halin a sosai sirri sautin, da yawa daga alamu, kazalika da sauran dabaru da suke peculiar ga rai jawabin na cikin wadanda mutane hira. Duk da wannan damar mana mu ce kunkuntar da'irar mutane jawabi ga Dzhon Donn ta sonnets da sauran waqoqi. Yau aikinsa ne m ga kowa da kowa.

A kasar mu mai girma da daraja rarrafe Dzhon Donn. Brodsky, misali, sadaukar da shi, "Great Elegy". Sunansa, duk da haka, na aiwatuwa ba kawai a Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Sosai da aka sani a yau a Moscow mashaya "Dzhon Donn" (Taganka). Kamar yadda ka gani, wannan m rare Turanci mawallafin kuma mawãƙi a cikin kasar.