Polyphylla: description da kuma mazauninsu

Marmara irin ƙwaro - wani kwari da dogon ci gaban sake zagayowar, da fasali mai kama da May irin ƙwaro. Common a kudancin Turai, Ukraine da kuma partially a Rasha. Kazakhstan, Central Asia da kuma Black Sea steppe sashi ne kama da wani misalin (a bayyanar da halaye) - irin ƙwaro irin ƙwaro, a rufe gaba daya tare da farin Sikeli. A cikin Caucasus, gida irin ƙwaro Yuli Caucasus.

Polyphylla: description

Na ga iyali na scarab irin ƙwaro halin baki-kasa-kasa launi da kuma isasshe manyan girma (game da 30-45 mm a tsawon). A rarrabe ne elytra, shugaban da pronotum da mahara whitish spots, kafa marmara juna. Ciki pubescent, a cikin haske furfura. Forelegs - digging, game da 35 mm dogon. Antennae brownish m, crankshafts, fan-dimbin yawa mai lankwasa form, kunsha na daga 7 mace faranti. A mãtã ne fiye da fadin, na 5 takaice sassa.

yanayi na zama

Yuli Polyphylla taro bayyana a karshen watan Yuni, a lokacin da sa zazzabi fi 10 ^° C lokacin da rana ɓoye, a cikin babba yadudduka na kasar gona, da yamma wadannan kwari tashi daga. A ingancin da abinci fi son innabi ganye, itacen oak, da kuma Pine needles. Kuma mãtã ne m. tashi short nisa yafi maza. Hũdõwar rãnã Polyphylla binne shi a cikin ƙasa, kõ har yanzu a kan itacen.

Mate kamar kwari fi son maraice. Qwai, halin da farin launi da elongated siffar, da mace kayansa mãsu a cikin ƙasa. fecundity na mutum daya - game da 50 qwai. A lokacin watan qwai bayyana fari, larvae, aunawa game da 7.5 cm m mai lankwasa akwati a tsawon kuma 1.5 cm a fadin. Shugaban haske ja ba tare da idanu. Ci gaba a cikin shekaru uku, jiran hunturu a cikin ƙasa a zurfin game da 1 mita. Tare da isowa daga spring tashi a cikin babba yadudduka, da kuma jira fitar da tsanani zafi a cikin mai sanyaya yadudduka na kasar gona.

Akuma uku rashin himma, rabi na biyu na Yuni tsutsa shiga pupation mataki. pupa girman game da 40 mm. Polyphylla fita daga gare ta bayan 3 makonni. A shaded da sanyi wuraren larval ci gaban zamani za a iya mika wani shekara: a cikin pupation mataki shi zai zo ta hanyar 4 yanayi.

Tsutsa Polyphylla: illolin

Adult irin ƙwaro irin ƙwaro ci kadan, don haka da manyan bai cutar da shuke-shuke sa. A mafi hatsari kwari ne ta larvae. Duk da yake a mataki na farko na shekaru, suna ciyar da abinci a kan humus da kuma matasa shuka asalinsu. A karo na biyu tsawon lalacewar tushen 'ya'yan itace itatuwa da innabi cuttings fiye da sa da mutuwar da shuka. Da son ransa ci dankalin turawa, tubers, beets, tafarnuwa, albasa, kabeji, oilseed fyade, masara. Mutane na uku shekaru a layi daya ci da tushen da tsohon itatuwa. bara da ci gaban da larvae ne ba kawai iya yanke tushen matasa pines, amma kuma gnaw tushen da wani karfi da itace.

Fifita su shirya a kan matalauta kasa inda shuke-shuke da rigakafi ga cututtuka da kuma kwari saukar da irin ƙwaro larvae marmara sa babban lahani ga matasa plantings na inabi, da 'ya'yan itatuwa. A sau qara da ayyukan da in babu danshi a cikin ƙasa. Akwai sun kasance lokuta kusan cikakkiyar (70%) halakar innabi cuttings dasa a kan bankunan Dnieper.

A nazarin halittu Hanyar kariya

Ku yãƙi marmara irin ƙwaro larvae hanyoyi da dama da ake zai fi dacewa da za'ayi a hade tare da wasu.

Wannan nazarin halittu hanya, wanda yana amfani da halitta makiya Polyphylla, musamman bagure (Scolia quadripunctata). Easy tõno a cikin ƙasa tsutsa daga wani m maƙiyi (motsi zuwa ga ta kusan a mike layin), duk da haka paralyzing soka da aka azabtar, sa'an nan kayansa mãsu kwai cikin ciki. Wani lokacin kwanciya da qwai ba nuna, amma ya buge soka aka azabtar ya mutu ta wata hanya. Hatched larvae Scola a matsayin abinci ta amfani da rundunar tsutsa - wani irin yaushe sabo abinci: immobility, amma tare da ci gaba wurare dabam dabam. Sai hira tsari a lokacin pupal kuma adult kwari. Last ci Nectar daga furanni kamar feverweed, albasa-gangarawa, Phacelia. Saboda haka, masana bayar da shawarar da yankunan shafi ɓarna da gangan ayyukan larvae Polyphylla, dasa wadannan shuke-shuke domin jawo hankalin kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Launuka bada shawarar da za a shuka domin shekaru da dama, ta haka ne tabbatar da ci gaba da aiwatar da halakar da kwaro.

The hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya

Domin kare al'adu sarari na Polyphylla shawarar domin lura da tushen tsarin na seedlings da magani. Gurbata ƙasa ake bukata etched magungunan kashe qwari.

Polyphylla yafi colonizes rabo forestless wõfintattu kuri'a, don haka a yankunan dake da bukata don samar da mazauninsu yawa tsaye. Fresh sabon dasa bada shawarar ya dauki wani saurayi gandun daji, da kuma tsohon clearings ake bukata don yin zurfin noma ƙasar tare da wani layi daya gabatarwar sunadarai. Taru sun Polyphylla itatuwa cire bayani da sunadarai.