Mene ne dutse? dutse yawa, iri da kaddarorin

Akwai dubban irin rawa a duniya. Kuma ba tare da wani shakka ba, shi ne ya fi kowa a duniya na ilimi, saboda Duniya kanta - wani dutse, ya rufe tare da wani bakin ciki Layer na kasar gona. Rocks, kamar yadda muke kira su ko quite bambancin a cikin halaye, abun da ke ciki, da darajar, amma a sama da dukan - da yawa. Shi ne kawai wani makawa kayan amfani a kowane irin shiri, lokacin da ake bukata dutse zaba. Yawa haka ne ya zama muhimman hakkokin rarrabẽwa.

haihuwa duwatsu

Kowa da kowa fahimci cewa m kankara ba bayyana fita daga bakin ciki iska a nan take. Domin su ilimi, kazalika ga asalin dukan abubuwa masu rai a duniya, shi ya ɗauki miliyoyin shekaru na ci gaba da kuma yanayi na musamman halitta da yanayi da kanta.

Duk wani dutse - shi ƙarfafa magma prehistoric volcanoes barke a ko'ina a duniya biliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce, a lokacin da ta kasance har yanzu matasa da kuma mafi kamar surface na Venus yau. Duka aiwatar da yanayi da kuma tasiri na a yawan waje dalilai, da kuma taba-canza yanayin yanayi - duk wannan yana da tasiri kai tsaye ba kawai a kan haihuwar dutse, amma kuma a cikin samuwar ta iri, quite daban-daban daga juna.

Saboda haka, masana sun gano wannan dutse da yawa ba tare da wani adaptations, da sanin kawai ta iri-iri.

The main iri na dutse

Akwai kawai biyu main iri halitta dutse - kãyã da mãsu nauyi, abin da ya bambanta da yafi a su tsari, irin zane da laulayi weathering.

Ya kasance a cikin haske, porous sedimentary tsarin, kamar sandstone, farar ƙasa, murƙushe dutse, da kuma sauran, ba-sanyi resistant, suna da wani babban mataki na danshi sha da kuma ƙwarai fallasa zuwa weathering.

Waɗannan su ne irin na dutse, wanda yake shi ne musamman low yawa. Suna halin looseness, rashin daidaituwa da kuma wani rashin tsayayya high lodi. Wadannan jinsuna ciki cheap da kuma wajen m kayan gini.

Nauyi dutse yana da wani daidai yawa, ya zama na rukuni na igneous da kuma (da wuya) metamorphic kankara. Wadannan sun hada da: marmara, dutse, syenite, diorite, porphyry, basalt, da kuma waɗansu da yawa, da hallmark abin da yake cikin sanyi.

A Properties na halitta dutse

Shi ne resistant zuwa low yanayin zafi ne m da asali dukiya da kuma ingancin da dutse. Irin wannan rawa ta atomatik ranked kamar ciwon low mataki na ruwa sha, saboda haka, sun resistant zuwa weathering.

Frost juriya (misãlin hawan keke) yana 9 brands: F10, F15, F25, F35, F50, F100, F150, F200, F300 - a fili yake cewa da wani ma'auni na digiri a kasa sifili Fahrenheit. F10-F50 - mafi ƙasƙanci muhimmi hur dutse, ruwa juriya (softening rate) shi ne daga 0.9 zuwa 1. Tun F100 sa a tsare nauyi dutse tare da high yawa, shi yana da wani ruwa juriya na Manuniya 0.5-0.75 - wannan wasan kwaikwayon halayyar dutse da diorite.

Amma akwai kamata kuma a lura da cewa kowane dutse yana da wani waje najasa, kuma sun fi mayar dogara a kan su yawa, saboda wasu inclusions sa shi porous da kuma saukin kamuwa zuwa weathering. Wannan ne m kan Mohs sikelin da taurin, da kuma dogara a kan abin da irin dutse compressive load iya tsayayya.

Abin da ya kasance da yawa daga cikin dutse

dutse yawa aka bayyana a sikelin daga 1 zuwa 20, kuma shi ne aka bayyana ta da aboki dutse taro tare da irin wannan nauyi na wannan girma na ruwa. Daga 1 zuwa 2 ne haske dutse, da na dutse talakawan yawa a cikin wannan harka jeri daga 2 zuwa 4. Duk specie ciwon darajar fi 4, ya yi nauyi, bi da bi, da high yawa. Duwatsu masu daraja kamar sapphires, yaƙũtu, emeralds da lu'u lu'u da musamman - mafi m da kuma nauyi a wannan batun, su kudi ne daga 10 zuwa 20.

Irin wannan definition dutse yawa da aka bayyana a cikin inji mataki a kan shi - compressive tasiri kaya da abrasion gwajin. Akwai wani hanya domin kayyade yawa na dutse a kan - tare da taimakon da ya nutsewa a cikin m ruwa. Duka hanyoyin da abun da na kowa, saboda haka wajibi ne a yi la'akari da su dabam.

Nutsewa dutse nauyi ruwa

Baftisma a "m ruwa" dutse, ta yawa aka ƙaddara isasshe daidai kuma cikin kawai 'yan mintoci.

Duk da cewa wannan hanyar bada cikakken sakamakon da daukan sosai kadan lokaci, shi ba sau da yawa amfani saboda ta high kudin. A halin kaka na wannan dole ne financially wajaba a kansa, don haka da hanyar da aka yi amfani da farko domin sanin da yawa daga cikin duwatsu masu daraja, musamman ga ganewa na counterfeits.

Yana da sauki ne: da yawa daga "m ruwa", da kuma lu'u-lu'u, misali, shi ne guda, kuma idan ta tsoma roba karya ne, ta nan da nan taso kan ruwa zuwa surface kamar toshe kwalaba. Idan da yawa daga cikin dutse ne a halitta abin da ke faruwa ruwa yawa, kuma shi ba ya tashi, kuma ba zai nutse, amma zai zauna a cikin wani Jihar kyawu.

Hanyar inji gwaji

Dubawa da inji dutse, ta yawa kuma ayyana daidai isa, kawai sai ya gwada domin ƙarfi dutse samfurori ba alaka da duwatsu masu daraja.

Wannan hanya ne quite sauki, na bukatar wani karin halin kaka, amma kuma daukan lokaci mai tsawo. A saboda wannan dalili, a na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa latsa, wanda halitta load domin sanin taurin da dutsen. Idan dutse bai isa ba resistant zuwa wasu matsa lamba karfi ko yana da wani porous tsarin, shi zai fara zuwa crack da marmashe, amma idan yana da zama dole taurin da tauri - zai kasance m.

By da tasiri na inji hanyoyin ma ya kasance a cikin tasiri kaya, da kuma duba da ƙarfin wani Cast baƙin ƙarfe gogayya da'irar Hanyar. Saboda haka domin sanin da ƙarfi daga wani irin ko ma'adinai ne mai sauqi qwarai, kuma shi ke da irin dutse yawa ake bukata domin wasu iri aiki - shi ne jigo na wani mabanbanta labarin.