Mene ne hakowa dandali? Nau'in na hakowa dandamali

Mining da kuma quarrying ne da za'ayi tare da taimakon musamman injiniya Tsarin - hakowa dandamali. Su samar da zama dole yanayi na ci gaban da aka gudanar. Hakowa dandali iya shirya a daban-daban zurfin - ya dogara a kan yadda zurfin-zaune adibas na man fetur da kuma iskar gas.

Hakowa a ƙasar

Mai ta'allaka ba kawai a kan ƙasar amma kuma a cikin nahiyar plume, wanda aka kewaye da ruwa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wasu saituna suna sanye take da musamman abubuwa, godiya ga wanda suka riƙe a kan ruwa. Wannan hakowa dandali - a monolithic tsarin, da abubuwa a matsayin wani goyon baya ga sauran abubuwa. Shigarwa na yi ne da za'ayi a dama, saukarwa:

• na farko ya fadi na sukar wani gwajin da kyau, kana bukatar ka ƙayyade wurin da ajiya. idan akwai begen da ci gaban wannan yanki, sa'an nan ku yi karin aiki.
• shirye ƙasa ga na'ura: shi aligns kewaye yankin kamar yadda ta yiwu.
• zuba tushe, musamman idan hasumiyar yana da babban nauyi.
• shirya a kan tushen da za a hakowa hasumiya, da sauran abubuwa ta.

Hanyar domin tabbatar da dalilin da ajiya

Hakowa dandamali - ainihin Tsarin kan wanda gudanar da ci gaban da kuma man gas a kan tudu da ruwa. Construction na hakowa dandamali ne da za'ayi kawai bayan shi aka ƙaddara gaban man fetur da kuma iskar gas a wani takamaiman yankin. Don yin wannan kyau da ake fadi na sukar ta hanyoyin daban-daban: Rotary, Rotary, inji mai farfela, volumetric, dunƙule da yawa wasu.

Mafi na kowa Rotary Hanyar: a lokacin da aka yi amfani da ciki da kankara da aka gudanar da juyawa rawar soja bit. A shahararsa ta wannan fasaha ne saboda a fadi na sukar yin tsayayya nauyi na dogon lokaci.

Load a kan dandamali

Hakowa na'ura iya zama sosai daban-daban a zane, amma dole ne a gina daidai, musamman game da kare lafiya Manuniya. Idan suna ba kulawa dasu, da sakamakon na iya zama da gaske. Alal misali, saboda ba daidai ba lissafin da kafuwa iya kawai za a halakar, manyan ba kawai ga asarar kudi, amma kuma ga asarar rai. All lodi cewa aiki a kan shigarwa ne:

• Constant: a karkashin su unsa sojojin aiki a ko'ina cikin aiki dandali. Wannan nauyi kansu Tsarin da kafuwa, kuma ruwa juriya, a lokacin da ta je teku dandamali.
• Wucin: wannan lodi aiki a kan tsarin wasu yanayi. Kawai a lokacin da ƙaddamar da kafuwa akwai wani karfi vibration.

A kasar mu sun ci gaba daban-daban na hakowa jihar Kano. A ranar, da Rasha madauki aiki 8 tsit hakar ma'adinai tsarin.

surface dandali

Mai iya karya ba kawai a kan ƙasar, amma kuma a karkashin ruwa shafi. Don samar da shi a cikin irin wannan yanayi, tambaya mai jihar Kano, wanda aka sanya a kan iyo Tsarin. Kamar yadda iyo nufin a cikin wannan yanayin ne used pontoons, kai-propelled Bartmann-Wulf - ya dogara a kan takamaiman halaye na mai ci gaba. Offshore hakowa dandamali da wasu tsarin fasali, iya haka taso kan ruwa. Dangane da abin da filin zurfi na man fetur ko kuma iskar gas hakowa jihar Kano ana amfani ne daban-daban.

Game da 30% na man cirewa daga teku filayen da aka haka ƙara ana gina da shi ne a kan ruwa. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan ne yake aikata a cikin kududdufi ruwa tare da taimakon kayyade da tara da shigarwa na dandamali, jihar Kano, da zama dole kayan aiki. Domin hakowa a zurfin ruwa ta amfani da iyo dandamali. A wasu lokuta ya yi bushe ruwa da hakowa, shi ne kuxi ga m takware zuwa 80m.

iyo dandali

Shawagi dandamali shigar zuwa zurfin 2-150 m, kuma za a iya amfani da su a yanayi daban-daban. Irin wannan kayayyaki na iya zama m da kuma aiki a kananan koguna da za a iya shigar da a kan teku. A iyo hakowa dandali - wannan m yi, tun ma tare da kananan girma shi iya tsotso a manyan girma na man fetur ko kuma iskar gas. Wannan ya sa shi yiwuwa a ajiye a kan halin kaka na sufuri. Wannan dandali riko da, a cikin tẽku, domin da yawa kwana, sa'an nan ya koma tushe to komai da tankuna.

ajali dandali

Kafaffen teku hakowa dandali ne da wani tsari da ta ƙunshi daga cikin manya tsarin da goyon bayan tushe. Yana da ake gyarawa a cikin ƙasa. The zane fasali na wadannan tsarin ne daban-daban, don haka ne wadannan iri gyarawa shigarwa:

• Nauyi: kwanciyar hankali na wadannan Tsarin da aka bayar da da kansa nauyi da kuma nauyin da tsarin da samu ballast.
• da sharrin tara su karɓo su juriya saboda tara kore a cikin ƙasa.
• Mast: kwanciyar hankali na wadannan Tsarin da aka bayar da Katakon ko da so adadin buoyancy.

Dangane da zurfin da ake ci gaba da kuma man gas, duk gas shigarwa an rarraba su zuwa dama iri:

• deepwater a kan ginshikan: wani tushe irin wannan shigarwa a lamba tare da kasa da ruwa yankin, da kuma ake amfani da goyan baya ginshikan.
• m-ruwa dandali a kan ginshikan: suna da wannan tsari a matsayin zurfin-tsarin.
• tsarin Island: wannan dandali tsaye a kan karfe tushe.
• monopod - wani m dandali a kan wannan goyan baya, an yi ta ne cikin wani hasumiya irin, kuma yana da a tsaye ko gangaren katangu.

Shi ne a kan gyarawa dandamali asusu na da girma samar iya aiki, kamar yadda su ne mafi m tattalin arziki da kuma masu sauki don shigar da kuma aiki. A wani Saukake embodiment wannan shigarwa ne karfe bobbin tushe da abubuwa a matsayin goyon bayan tsarin. Amma don amfani da tukwãne dandamali wajibi ne, shan la'akari da rikicewar da ruwa zurfin a cikin hakowa yankin.

Shigarwa a cikin abin da tushe ne ya yi na karfafa kankare, aza a kan kasa. Ba su bukatar ƙarin fastening. Irin wannan tsarin da ake amfani a cikin kududdufi adibas.

hakowa baji

Bincike hakowa a tekun ne da za'ayi ta hannu raka'a da wadannan iri: kai-gyaran, Semi-submersibles, rawar soja jirgi da Bartmann-Wulf. Bartmann-Wulf ake amfani a cikin kududdufi filayen, kuma akwai da dama iri Bartmann-Wulf cewa zai iya aiki a wani sosai daban-daban zurfin daga 4 m zuwa 5000 m.

Hakowa dandali a cikin wani nau'i na baji da ake amfani a matakin farko na ci gaba, a lokacin da shi wajibi ne rawar soja a cikin kududdufi ruwa ko kare yankunan. Irin shuke-shuke suna amfani a bakin koguna, Lakes, swamps, canals, a zurfin 2-5 m. Wadannan su ne mafi yawa Bartmann-Wulf bẽbãye, don haka ba za su iya ba a da za'ayi aikin a kan teku.

Hakowa baji yana da uku main aka gyara: an karkashin ruwa submersible pontoon, wanda aka saka a kan kasa surface dandamali tare da wani aiki bene da tsarin cewa haɗu da sassa biyu.

jack-up dandali

Kai-gyaran hakowa dandamali kama hakowa Bartmann-Wulf, amma tsohon ne mafi modernized da kuma inganta. Sun hau da mast-jacks, wanda huta a kan kasa.

Fasali, wadannan raka'a kunshi 3-5 dogayen sanda da takalma da cewa an saukar da da guga man a cikin bene, a lokacin da hakowa. Irin Tsarin za a iya sanya a kan armature, amma support - more amintacce yanayin na aiki, tun da hawa, da gidaje ba ya taba da ruwa surface. Jackup dandali iya aiki a zurfin 150 m.

Wannan irin shigarwa lẽƙãwa a kan teku surface saboda da ginshikan da cewa huta a kan ƙasa. A babba bene na pontoon - wani wuri inda dole kayan aiki da aka shigar. All tsarin ne kai-gyaran wani nau'i na pontoon, yawan taimakon ginshikan, da siffar da giciye-sashe da kuma zane fasali. A mafi yawan lokuta, da pontoon yana da wani triangular, rectangular siffar. Yawan ginshikan - 3-4, amma a farkon zayyana na tsarin kafa ta 8 ginshikan. Derrick kanta ko located a kan babba bene, da kuma kara kan tsananin.

hakowa jirgin

Wadannan jihar Kano ne kai-propelled da kuma bukatar towing da shafin, inda ayyukansu. Zayyana irin wannan tsarin da aka yi su musamman domin kafuwa a wata m zurfi, don haka ba su sãɓã wa jũna kwanciyar hankali. Hakowa tasoshin ake amfani a cikin bincike na man fetur da kuma iskar gas a zurfin 200-3000 m da kuma zurfi. A irin wannan jirgin da aka sa derrick da hakowa da aka yi kai tsaye ta hanyar da fasaha rami a cikin bene.

A wannan yanayin, da jirgin sanye take da duk dole kayan aiki don su iya sarrafa shi ba a duk yanayin yanayi. Anga tsarin damar domin ta dace matakin na zaman lafiya a kan ruwa. A cirewa man bayan tsarkakewa adana a musamman kwantena a cikin gidaje, sa'an nan reloaded cikin kaya motocin dakon.

A Semi-submersible na'ura

Semi-submersible -. Daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri jihar Kano, a cikin tẽku, tun da shi za a iya sarrafa a zurfin kan mitoci 1,500 na iyo Tsarin iya nutse har zuwa babba zurfin. Girkawar ne complemented tsaye da kuma karkata struts da kuma ginshikan da cewa samar da zaman lafiyar da dukan tsarin.

A babba jiki na irin wannan tsarin - a falo cewa suna sanye take da latest fasahar kuma suna da zama dole reserves. A shahararsa na Semi-submersible jihar Kano ne saboda wani iri-iri na bambance-bambancen karatu na gine-gine da mafita. Sun dogara ne a kan yawan pontoons.

Semi-submersible raka'a da 3 iri hazo: hakowa, hadari laka gwamnatin da kuma mi} a mulki. Buoyancy System samar da tallafi, wanda kuma damar da kafuwa don kula da karkata zuwa ga gaskiya matsayi. Ya kamata a lura da cewa aiki a kan hakowa dandamali Rasha biya wani babban, amma kuma akwai bukatar a yi ba kawai ya dace da ilimi, amma kuma mai girma kwarewa.

binciken

Saboda haka, hakowa dandali - wannan kyautata tsarin na daban-daban irin, wanda zai iya rawar soja rijiyoyin a daban-daban zurfin. Designs ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin masana'antar mai da gas. Kafin kowane shigarwa kafa musamman manufofin, don haka suka kasance sunã sãɓa a zane fasali da kuma ayyuka, da kuma adadin aiki, da kuma harkokin sufuri albarkatu.