Mene ne janar bibliography, kuma bibliography musamman, ta tarihi a Rasha

Bibliography a zahiri hankali - shi bibliology. Bibliography a general - shi ne mai kimiyya horo tafiyad da description, amfaninsa da lissafin kudi littattafai,-rubuce littattafai, articles, dissertations, da dai sauransu ...

Mene ne bibliography a cikin kunkuntar ji

Wannan jerin yana da hannu a wata hanya rubutu wallafe-wallafe. inda bayanai da aka dauka - misali, da kafofin nuna lokacin rubuta wata muqala. Bibliography amfani da lokacin rubuta theses da sauran kimiyya ayyukansu. Author na aikin da ake bukata don nuna abin da ya dogara farko kafofin.

Abin da iri tahirin

Akwai tahirin marubuta. Sun hada da mai raba jerin dukan rubuta ayoyin marubucin, kuma ya hada da dukan sada da kuma sauran ayyukan da aka rubuta game da wannan marubuci, kuma ayyukansa na sauran marubuta. M jerin ne, misali, C. A. Bibliography Pushkina ko Tolstogo L. N.

Akwai kuma wani bibliography na biyu digiri. Wannan shi ne wani bibliography dukan bibliographic texts. Yana rike records a shekara-shekara domin duk tahirin, raba da batutuwa.

Dauke da wani raba kimiyya bibliography. Yana caters zuwa wasu sassa na aiki ko msar tambayar kimiyyar.

Retrospective bibliography (Scientific Division) maida hankali ne akan duk buga wallafe-wallafen aikin jarida da kuma ga wani ɗan wani lokaci. Yana iya zama mai shekara, kuma daya mako.

Akwai mutane da yawa da sauran iri bibliography. Alal misali, Rasha tarihi, shan la'akari da tsara duk matani a kan tarihin, saki a Rasha. Yana za a iya dangana ga bibliography. Akwai bibliography littattafai, watau rajistan-jerin wallafe-wallafen texts game da daya musamman littafin. Irin wannan lists za a iya gani, misali, a karshen horo ko bincike wallafe.

Dukkan wadannan fassarorin a fili yake cewa irin wannan bibliography. A wani m ji - shi ne ko da yaushe wani jerin nassoshi ga wasu batutuwa. Wannan irin kimiyya da kuma littafin kimiyya na da tarihi. Idan ka fahimci abin da a bibliography, ya bayyana abin da ta labarin. Wannan shi ne yadda za kimiyya ya samo asali da kuma ci gaba a kasashe daban-daban.

A Brief History na bibliography a Rasha

A Rasha tun da 18th karni suka fara samar da bibliography. Yana duk ya fara da al'amurran da suka shafi bookselling da karatu jerin ko aikin jarida a mujallu. A 18th karni Rasha adabi ne sosai rayayye ci gaba. Rasha marubuta da kuma 'yan jarida kama up da kuma cimma raya al'adu a kasashen yamma. Wannan mas'ala cewa irin wannan bibliography, ba shakka, kuma zo daga kasashen waje.

A farko wannan irin suka da mujallolin "Bibliographic rubutu" da "Bibliography". Sun buga wata mujalla da littafin ya bada jerin sunayen daban-daban rubuce-rubuce a cikin dakunan karatu, taskoki kwanan nan da aka buga littattafai, kazalika da jerin periodicals.

A 1889 ya zo na farko bibliographic da'irar a Moscow. Its Mafarin aka garzaya. A shekarar 1900 an canza kama zuwa da Rasha Bibliographical Society, da aka gudanar a Jami'ar Moscow. Yana shirya su mujallu. Edited Bodnarskii fita "Bibliographical News" da "Bibliology".

A 1907 da kuma 1908 da kamfanin buga "Bibliography Collection", to wanda aka a haɗe da wani Tsarin Harafi Bayan index ya taimake ka sami dama bayanai. A littafin da aka buga haƙiƙa sake dubawa a kan littattafai da kuma periodicals buga pointers.

Bibliography of Rasha 19-20 ƙarni

A lokacin da wadannan biyu ƙarni na Rasha bibliography wadãta kuma fadada. Masana kimiyya suna more hankali tsunduma a cikin wannan kimiyya. Suka fara dõgara more on facts maimakon ra'ayin. Kuma a cikin wannan karni tahirin 19-20th ƙarni ne da taimako sosai bibliography da philology.

A cikin karni na 20th akwai wani kira na dukan ilmi tara a cikin bibliography. Bibliology da kuma tushen bibliography fara koyarwa a jami'o'i. Bibliographers tãyar da haihuwa archives da kuma mai da dogon-manta da ayyukan marubuta, kazalika da waɗanda suke repressed da gangan manta a lokacin Stalin ta mulki. An tashe shi, kuma mayar da wani babban sashen dutsen Rasha adabi da kuma aikin jarida. Duk da haka, da tarihi na Soviet bibliography har yanzu ba a yi karatu sosai, har yanzu bude ga sabon kafofin da archives. Bibliography zama da yawa na aiki.