Muqala "tsohon mutane" Maksima Gorkogo

"Tsohon mutane" - wani aiki halitta a 1897. A da zuciya - sirri kwaikwayo na marubucin, wanda ya samu a lokacin da ya yi ya zauna a wani rooming gidan a kan karkata Kazan. Wannan aiki a kan Genre za a iya bayyana a matsayin wata muqala, kamar yadda halin da daidaito da image ga shi, da rashin kuzarin kawo cikas, da hankali ga rayuwar yau da kullum, kazalika daki-daki hoto halaye. The "tsohon mutane" Gorky ta sabon kimomi da irin m. Babu kyau, saba mana daga farkon a cikin ayyukansu.

"Tsohon Mutane": summary

Muhimmanci wuri a cikin kashi na farko na bayanin da aka bai wa. A farko, kafin mu ne a kewayen birni titi. Yana da datti, maras ban sha'awa. Bukkoki, located a nan, inconspicuous: a Ƙirgar windows kuma mai lankwasa ganuwar, ma'ajiyar rufi. Mun gani tara shara da juji. A wadannan ya bayyana Haikalin m Petunnikoff. Wannan sako-gefe gini tare da karya windows. Its ganuwar an rufe tare da fasa. A wannan gidan, kamar kadan gidan, located flophouse. Yana kama da m, dogon rami.

hotuna da miskĩnai

Daga cikin bayanin irin ciki marubucin ya cigaba da hotuna mabukata. Mene ne "tsohon mutane" a Gorky ta play "The Lower acan karkashin"?

Aristide ƙatuwar guduma - mai shi daga cikin rooming gidan, baya aiki a matsayin wani kyaftin. Ya shugaban kamfanin da ake kira "tsohon mutane" da kuma shi ne "janar sandarka." Gorky aka bayyana shi a matsayin tsayi, m mutum game da shekaru 50 da haihuwa, tare da pockmarked fuska, kumbura daga shan. Ya aka ado a ragged da datti jami'in ta greatcoat, kuma a kansa m hula.

Bugu da ari, hotuna da wasu mabukata. Daya daga cikinsu - da malami. Yana slouching tsayi mutumin da m kai da kuma dogon, kaifi hanci. Wani matalauci - Simtsov Aleksey Maksimovich, kuma aka sani da Kubar. Wannan mutum - wani tsohon forester. Gorky ce cewa ya kasance "m matsayin ganga." Ya na da kananan hanci garura launi, wani lokacin farin ciki farin gemu da kuma cynical ruwa idanu.

A gaba occupant na wani doss gidan - Martyanov Luka Antonovich lakabi Ƙare. A baya can, ya yi aiki a matsayin kurkuku Sufeto, da kuma yanzu - daya daga cikin "tsohon mutane". Yana da wani shiru da kuma m mashayi.

Ga zaune da Pavel Solntsev (Obedok) makaniki. Wannan lopsided consumptive mutumin game da shekara talatin. Bugu da ari, marubucin ya nuna Kiselnikova. Da matalauta - wani tsohon nuna. Ya ya na fata da kuma tsayi, "da kwana a daya ido." Sai aka kira shi rabin Taras, kamar yadda abokinsa Taras, wani tsohon Irena ya daya da rabi sau da ƙananan fiye da shi. Next, mun koyi game da dogon-masu gashi "m" boys "tare da wani sheepish fitar kasusuwan jikinsu MUG". Ya sunan barkwanci - meteor. Sa'an nan, marubucin ya gabatar da mu da kuma talakawa mazauna rooming gidan, mutumin. Daya daga cikinsu - Tyapa, wani tsohon rag-picker.

halaye miskĩnai

Maxim Gorky tã mu da hankali ga hanyar wadannan mutane ne sha'aninsu dabam to su ƙaddara, kazalika da rayuwa da kuma makoma na wasu. Su apathetic, da nuna rashin ƙarfi ga waje yanayi. A cikin zukãtansu a lokaci guda girma fushi cewa an directed a kan m mutane. Af, duniya na "tsohon mutane" a Gorky ta play "The Lower acan karkashin" ya yi kama da wanda Ya halitta a cikin zane mu sha'awar.

Rigingimu da Petunnikoff

A kashi na biyu na aikin duk wadannan haruffa damunsu fassara a cikin bude rikici da Petunnikoff, a gida m. A yanayin wannan rikici - zamantakewa. A kyaftin lura cewa wasu bangare daga cikin m shuka ne a ƙasa Vavilov. Ya tabbatar da wani kudi Sue Petunnikoff. Ya kamata a lura cewa Aristide ƙatuwar guduma a cikin wannan harka da aka kore ta bashi da marmarin ya amfãninsu. Ya kawai yake so ya cũtar Petunnikoff, wanda ya kira kansa ƙi Yahuza.

adawa sakamakon

Duk da haka, da da'awar, wanda wa'adi da 600 rubles, duniya ƙare. Business, ilimi da kuma m, ɗan Petunnikoff Vavilov tabbatar da bukatar janye hali daga kotu. In ba haka ba, ya yi barazanar rufe mashaya, wanda yana dauke da wani kudi. Mutãnen wata doss gidan gane cewa yanzu za su yi su bar shagaltar da wuri, saboda da m ne haƙĩƙa, ba gãfarta musu wannan laifi.

Ba da da ewa Petunnikoff gaske bukatar barin nan da nan "hibarochku". Amma wannan masĩfa bai kare a can. Uchiel mutu, mutuwar zargi Aristide ƙatuwar guduma. Saboda haka karshe shi karya miskĩnai al'umma. Petunnikoff nasarorinsu.

Psychology heroes

Da yawa da hankali Maxim Gorky yana biya ba kawai nazarin da ake kira rayuwa-beens. Shi ne kuma sha'awar su tunani, na ciki duniya. Marubucin ya yi imanin cewa zaune a wani flophouse samar rauni mutane wanda ba su iya raya, to kai-dadada. Sun ƙaryata game da kome, ciki har da rayukansu. Wannan matsayi (ta akidar - ƙatuwar guduma) hallakaswa da unpromising. Yana ba sanyata, tabbatacce farko. Kuma damunsu ne ya sa ta rashin ƙarfi, za a iya samar da kawai takaici ne da fushi.

Za mu iya cewa Maxim Gorky (hoto daga shi ba sama) a muqala "tsohon mutane" da ke sa mazaunan jumla da "kasa". Yana tsallake m, kuma m haruffa. Analysis muqala "tsohon mutane" ya nuna cewa su ba su iya kyau ji da kuma ayyuka. A wannan batun, shi ne m wani episode Jagora ta mutuwa. Mauracher, wanda ya yi ĩmãni da cewa mutum a matsayin aboki, ba zan iya samu ko da mutum kalma for shi. Social matsalolin nuna a cikin labarun bosyatskogo sake zagayowar a nan gaba zai ci gaba da halittu farfadowa a cikin plays na Maksima Gorkogo.

Bambanci samfurin daga physiological almara

A physiological zane da babban batu na image ya zamantakewa rawar da haruffa, maimakon musamman. A mawallafa aka sha'awar, misali, sashin jiki-grinder Petersburg, St. Petersburg wiper, direbobin motocin haya, da jami'ai, 'yan kasuwa. A m zane cewa halitta Gorky ( "Tsohon mutane"), ta mayar da hankali a kan binciken na haruffa da haruffa, wanda suna da ha zaman halin da ake ciki. Heroes sun kasance a cikin rooming gidan, a kasa na rayuwa. Flophouse rike Aristide ƙatuwar guduma, wanda shi ne da kanta a "tsohon" mutumin, domin shi ne kyaftin ritaya.

A rashi na autobiographical gwarzo

Yana iya a lura da wasu sauran fasali na samfur. Alal misali, "da tsohon mutane" ba autobiographical gwarzo image saba wa Gorky. The riwayan a cikin wannan aiki, kamar yadda idan yana so ya nesanta kansa daga duk abin da ba su ci amanar da kasancewar. Za mu iya cewa rawar da ya taka a cikin aikin na "tsohon mutane" Gorkogo Maksima ne ɗan daban-daban fiye da a sake zagayowar "A Rasha," ko a cikin romantic labaru na marubucin. A autobiographical gwarzo ne ba dalibi na haruffa, abokinsu. Kawai details boys hoto, wanda Kwafa ƙatuwar guduma meteor, da kuma faye hali na yadda ya bi wasu, da damar mu mu gani a shi da wani autobiographical hali. Duk da haka, da shi da ɗan nisanta daga aikin da ya riwaito.

A miƙa mulki daga romanticism zuwa hakikanci

Babban abu da ya bambanta da "Tsohon mutane" daga ayyukan Gorky, game da baya ayyukansu - shi ne miƙa mulki daga romantic fassarar yanayi da idon basira. Marubucin da har yanzu ya nuna da mutane daga cikin mutane. Duk da haka, ya daukaka, to hakikanci ya yale shi ya nuna fiye da sama-sama da bambanci tsakanin duhu da haske, rauni da karfi da bangarorin na kasa hali, ta savanin. Yana kuma shi ne batun gudanar da bincike a cikin samfurin na "tsohon mutane".

Da alama cewa marubucin, tun tashi zuwa ga matsayi na hakikanci, ba zai iya samun wata hanya ta warware rikici tsakanin makomar mutum (ya tsawo) da kuma ban tausayi gazawar yi ransa "tsohon" mutane, da low zamantakewa matsayi da suka zauna. Invincibility da rikici sa Gorky a karshe wuri mai faɗi da komawa zuwa Outlook, peculiar romanticism. Kawai a cikin kashi na ƙuduri za a iya samu insoluble. Marubucin ya rubuta cewa akwai wani abu m da kuma siga a m m girgije, wanda gaba daya ya rufe sararin sama. Kamar dai sũ, game da karya fita da shawa da kuma wanke tafi duk datti da wani bakin ciki gaji ƙasar. Overall, duk da haka, a idon basira wuri mai faɗi. Wajibi ne a ce 'yan kalmomi game da shi.

mai faɗi

A farkon labaru marubucin romantic wuri mai faɗi da aka yi nufi ga nanata kwarai yanayi da ruhi da kuma kyau na kudancin dare, da tsoro na duhu daji da kuma m free matakan iya zama a matsayin bango ga watsuwar wani romantic gwarzo, a kudin da ransa iƙirarin da manufa. Yanzu Gorkiy Maksim ( "Tsohon mutane") tana nufin wani mai idon basira wuri mai faɗi. Yana da sha'awa a yi zanga-ado siffofin. Yana fuskantar da mu tare da mummuna karkata. Turbidity launi, tarnish, pallor bukatar haifar da wani tunani na rashin kula da muhalli a cikin abin da matalauta live.

rikici

Marubucin yayi kokarin gane yadda mai girma na zamantakewa da kuma na sirri m na abin da ake kira "tsohon mutane". Ya bukatar ya gano ko suna a wuya gida da kuma zamantakewa yanayi, a adana ta ruhaniya, ba abu dabi'u, wanda za a iya contrasted tare da duniya don haka m zuwa gare su. A peculiarity da rikici ne ya sa daidai wannan al'amari na al'amurran da suka shafi. a wani aikin rikici yana da wani zaman jama'a hali. Bayan miskĩnai gangarawa ƙatuwar guduma Petunnikoff tsayayya da su a kasuwa, da kuma dansa - sanyi, da karfi, hankali da kuma ilimi mambobi ne na Rasha bourgeoisie.

Marubucin ne sha'awar mafi digiri da zamantakewa al'amari na wannan adawa, da kuma unwillingness su fahimci haruffa nasu matsayi, zai yiwu al'amurra, da bukatun su. Shi ne ba a baƙuwar ƙasa suna sha'awar, ko kudi. Wannan shi ne kawai wata alama ce ta ƙiyayya da matalauta mashayi da himma da kuma arzikin.

Gorky bayyana cikakken rashin "tsohon mutane" kerawa, ciki girma, ayyuka, da kai-kyautata. Amma wadannan halaye ne da muhimmanci sosai ga mawallafin. Suna gabatar a cikin labari "Uwar" kazalika da gwarzo da ya autobiographical trilogy. Mutãnen wata doss gidan ba zai iya yin wani abu don dakatar da kewaye gaskiya, fãce sharri. Wannan ya kai su ga wannan "kasa". Su fushi ya jũya a kan su. Babu wani abu da sanya 'yan adawa ga m, "tsohon mutane".