Mene ne kogin? Channel matakai da kuma ilimi

Mene ne kogin? Wane bangare (segments) shi ne zuwa kashi? Abin da landforms aka kafa a cikin kogin?

Kowannen mu san abin da shi ya dubi kamar kogi da kuma ta gado. Yana iya zama kunkuntar ko m, m, ko zurfi, m, ko wucin gadi. Mene ne shugabanci daga ra'ayi na kimiyya? Amsar wannan tambaya za a iya samu a cikin labarin.

Mene ne al'ada: definition kuma jigon da ra'ayi

River - wani ruwa ya kwarara da na halitta asalin, halin da mun gwada manyan size. Kuma duk duniya akwai wata kogi tashar. Mene ne wannan?

Magana game da abin da wani kwari Can hydrologists. Shi ne masana kimiyya wadanda suka binciko wani iri-iri na ruwa fasali. Ba kawai koguna, amma tabkuna, swamps, kududdufai, da dai sauransu. Amma kawai a kõguna shi ne abin da za mu tattauna a wannan takarda a cikin daki-daki. Saboda haka, abin da yake shugabanci?

Kogin kira masauki a ƙasa surface a kan abin da mai ruwa-ruwa rafi gudana. Wannan shi ne mafi rage abu na kogin kwarin. Ya kamata a lura da wani muhimmin batu: tashar, kasancewa-akai da kuma "kafuwar" ga kogin, shi ne kafa.

Channel iya zama sosai daban-daban daga juna a bayyanar da size. A manyan koguna (kamar Volga Dnepr ko Amazon) su nisa iya isa dama kilomita. A daidai wannan lokaci da tashar na kananan kõguna da rivulets mutum ne iya sauƙi tsalle. A cikin filayen kwari kõguna tashar, yawanci tortuous da yawa makamai, da kuma a cikin duwatsu - a mafi kai tsaye da kuma dauke da cluttered da duwatsu, boulders, bishiya.

Saboda haka, za mu fahimci cewa irin wannan tashar. Yanzu mun gano yadda ya canjãwa da kewaye ƙasa.

Channel matakai da su siffofin

Don fahimtar batun cewa shi ne shugabanci ya kamata ka zama saba da matakai da ya faru a cikinsa.

A karkashin tashar matakai unsa da totality daga cikin matakai da kuma mamaki cewa zai ƙarshe kai ga canje-canje a cikin siffar da sigogi na kogin tashoshi. Domin da farko lokacin da suka tsunduma a gudanar da bincike ko da a tsakiyar zamanai. Saboda haka, sanannen masanin kimiyya Italian Galileo Galilei yi aiki a kan aikin, straightening na bends na Tiber domin rage ambaliyar matakan, wanda ake shekara flooded Roma. Yau tashar matakai na nazarin musamman kimiyya horo - River ilimin halittar jiki.

Dalili na wadannan matakai ne hulda da gudãna ruwa da kuma tamkar surface. A kogin karya kankara, transports su zuwa wasu nesa da jinkiri (accumulates) a cikin wani sabon wuri. A sakamakon wadannan matakai, kogin kwarin kanta mutates da kuma tabbatar da sabon siffofin.

Kogin hydrologists yawanci zuwa kashi uku sassa (kashi):

• babba rafi (a nan aka mamaye da hallakaswa matakai).
• nufin kwarara;
• m hanya (a nan ne marinjãya jari matakai hallaka a cikin sama ma'aunan kasa abu River).

Man da ya koya wa muhimmanci canza kogin gado. Active adam baki iya canza su siffar (misali, gyara ruwa na gudana daga qarqashinsu), har ma da shugabanci na zurfin. Duk wannan, ba shakka, ba zai iya kasa su shafi kuzarin kawo cikas na halitta tashar tafiyar matakai.

Ruslovye Ilimi: mashigan, Ples, sashen kogin da kuma waterfalls

A sakamakon inji aikin kogin kafa yawan takamaiman Tsarin da landforms:

• hyundai.
• sastrugi.
• ples.
• mirgine.
• ƙofa.
• Falls da sauransu.

Brod - shi ne m yanki a kan kogin gado, ta hanyar abin da kogin za a iya haye a kan kafar ko ta hanyar hawa. A tsakiyar zamanai, a manyan mashigan sau da yawa yana da dukan birnin. Yau, da yawa daga wuri sunayen dangantaka da lokaci: misali, birnin Brody a Ukraine, Havlickuv Brod a Jamhuriyar Czech, Oxford a UK (hyundai a fassara daga Ingilishi - "hyundai").

Sastrugi kira elongated yashi ko yashi, kuma shingle tofa, located a karkashin ruwa. Ples - mai zurfi rabo daga kogin gado, wanda aka kafa a cikin concave banki na wani meander.

A gado na dutse kõguna da kõguna ne sau da yawa wuya da Rapids, sashen kogin da kuma waterfalls. Ƙofofi suna kafa a wuraren da surface na fuska ne sosai karfi kankara da cewa kogi ba zai iya wanke tafi, kuma ya halaka. Falls - na musamman geomorphological samuwar, m leji a cikin kogi, daga abin da ruwa da dama da yardar kaina zuwa ƙasa.

Bifurcation na kogin gado

Bifurcation na kogin - mai ban sha'awa da kuma wajen rare halitta sabon abu. A ajalinsu ya zo daga Latin kalma bifurcus, wanda ke nufin "forked". Bifurcation - mai rabuwa tashar (ciki har da kogin kwarin) a kan biyu m ruwa ya kwarara. A nan gaba, wadannan gudana ne ba da alaka da daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin daban-daban kududdufai. Mafi sau da yawa wannan sabon abu ne lura a cikin kõguna na filayen, wanda gudu a kan wani lebur, baje ƙasa ta surface.

Duniya da ya fi shahara misali da wani bifurcation tashar - shi ta Orinoco River a kudancin Amirka. A cikin manya kai na ta rassan hannu Casiquiare. A nan gaba, shi ne m ga Amazon kogin tsarin, shan tare da shi game da daya bisa uku na jimlar dake kwarara daga cikin Orinoco.

A ƙarshe ...

Mene ne kogin? A definition wannan ra'ayi da kuma ta da cikakken nazari - daya daga cikin ayyuka na kimiyya na hydrology. A gado - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manyan abubuwa na kogin kwarin, halitta masauki a kan wanda mai ruwa-ruwa da kwarara kai tsaye motsa.

A kogin gado ne kullum watse matakai faruwa, hijirar da tara a ma'aunan kasa kaya. A sakamakon haka, wadannan matakai suna kafa musamman microforms taimako: mashigan, sastrugi, Ples, Shoals, sashen kogin da kuma waterfalls.