Prince Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shumsky: biography, ayyuka da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Ya mutu a 23, da kuma kasancewarsa guba da m intriguers. Idan shi yiwuwa a fahince ransa sosai a taƙaice, to, wannan za a samu, watakila, daya ne kawai kalma - "sabis". Skopin-Shuisky, Mikhail Vasilyevich (11.08.1586 -. 23.04.1610 shekaru), wani shahararren soja kwamandan, a nuna na da rabo daga Rasha a lokacin matsaloli shi ne wani mutum, iya ba kawai kawo ta Martial nasara, amma wata nasara daga diflomasiyya. Gabansa wahayi zuwa mutane. Mutane tsayawar kafin shi a kan gwiwoyinsa, kuma sentimentality, sumbatan likkafa.

Skopin-Shuisky a fadace-fadace sani ba shan kashi, a zahiri gudanar da kasashen waje da manufofin maimakon ya m da daraja ya taɓa kawun Basil Shuisky. Rikice da kisan-kiyashi da ƙara rura wutar da tsoron sarki ya daɗe ya dauki rayuwar ba kawai dan dan'uwansa, amma kuma fatan da dukan Rasha.

Biography Skopin-Shumsky ne batu na wannan labarin.

Prologue. troublous sau

Da zarar a 1584, Ivana Groznogo da maƙare a 1598 guba da 42-shekara dan, Fyodor, yanke takaice sarauta reshe na Rurik. Domin kambi - mai trump katin a cikin jam'iyyar-maƙarƙashiya - gwagwarmayar boyar iyalan: Godunov, Mstislavskys, Romanov Shuiskis. Na farko ya kursiyin a 1598, tsohon oprichnik Boris Godunov.

Duk da haka, kan kai ƙarfinsa sarki ya kamata ya zama dan bakwai matar Ivana Groznogo - Dmitry. M matasa barazana da mutuwa a hannun pretenders a kan karaga. Kuma haka ya faru, daga baya sa Vasiliy Shuysky hukumance dauke da fitar da bincike. Dmitriy "playfully pinned zuwa mutuwa a kan wuka."

Rikici Boyar ikon gwagwarmaya ci gaba. Shi ne mai foregone ƙarshe da rabo daga Boris Godunov, "wanda ya riƙi ba ta daraja" monarshestvo. 13 Afrilu 1605 53-shekara King Boris, kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya, yana da wani abincin dare tare da mai kyau ci, ya tashi zuwa hasumiyar, domin a ji dadin wani bayyani na Moscow. Ya zarar zama da rashin lafiya, hanci da makogwaro fara jinni, kuma ya mutu. Da shi shi ne irin rubutun hannu poisoners Shuiskis. Duk abin da aka yi don haka clumsily kuma a fili, cewa boyars ya fara a jita-jita, da zato "shan azaba da lamiri na sarki", ya dauki guba.

King-makici

A wannan 1605 zuwa iko a kan rabin shekara zo Muscovy mayaudarin arya Dmitry. Wannan dukan labarin da aka asali kururuta lzhetsarem Shuiskys da Romanovs. Ba kwatsam ya da Gregory Otrepyev yadi Romanov, kuma a Lithuania shi ne tare da wani Amintaccen sufaye Shuiskis. Duk da haka, duk da boyars wanda ya koma gadon nufin Lzhedmitry ya nuna kansa da wani aiki monarch, ba fata ba up ikon.

Boyars-maƙarƙashiya suka kashe shi, sa'an nan lashe asiri majalisa Vasiliya Shuyskogo. Ya lashi takobin mulkin su nominally biyayya da Boyar Duma. A wannan lokaci, da gwarzo na mu labarin, Prince Skopin-Shumsky, bauta a karkashin m dan uwan Basil. Ya tsare shi da kaina, kuma na tabbatar da aminci da tafiya VIPs.

A tawaye Bolotnikov

Ba da da ewa akwai wani abu ba da boyars Shuisky ba Mstislavsky ba ana tsammanin. Cossack Ivan Isaevich Bolotnikov, wasa a kan rashin biyan bukata da Cossacks "Knights sarki", da ya jagoranci wani tawaye.

Da farko, da imposter ya tattara 12,000 Cossacks, ka ɗauke da goyon bayan da gwamnonin Putivl Prince Shahovskoy. A 'yan tawayen, da dogaro a kan talakawa da discontented manoma, aka yi niyya ga kama na Moscow da kuma kifar da boyars Tsar Vasiliya Shuyskogo. Troublemakers tacitly goyon Rzeczpospolita.

Royal sojojin, umarta ta Regal wa Fedor, aka sunkuyar da kadawa. 'Yan tawayen Cossack karkata daga Moscow.

"Polutsar" kamar yadda Basil aka kira da mutane, soma kawai domin mulki mai hikima yanke shawara: ya abruptly canja da kotun aiki da ya protege, da kuma goma sha tara Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky, kamar ubansa da kakan, ya zama na yaki Moscow.

kariya Moscow

Michael precocious hikima sãɓã wa jũna, shi ne wata tsayi, karfi saurayi da wata sokin ganinsu kai tsaye. Daga yara ya aka shirya kansa a matsayin jarumi, daidai ƙware Streletsky makamai, fama doki dressage, manyan bindigogi al'amarinsu.

Duk da haka, da kuma dalilin da ya aka ba rage su ba. Skopin-Shuisky nan da nan bisa saduwa tabbatar da wani m siyasa, Oganeza. Ya sũranta fiye da aka bai wa ji ruhun ƙulla da tasiri da shi. By lokacin Moscow Runduna ya zauna a wani bakin ciki jiha, shi ba ya so ya zubar da jini ga "Sarkin boyars." Skopin gano da kuma kama da babban matsala-masu yi: Ivan Troekurova Yuri Trubetskoy, Ivan Katyreva.

A kewaye sprawled a kan yankin Runduna Ivan Bolotnikov babban birnin kasar Skopin-Shumsky Insha win-win dabarun. Rapid nauyi sojan doki kai hare-hare, halitta a cikin hari sassa saran amfani.

Cossacks da sauran raznosherstaya dakaru Ivan Bolotnikov ba su da lokacin da za a shirya su manyan bindigogi zuwa yãƙi, kuma ya sha wahala asarar.

A manufa na Arewa

A halin yanzu, kusa da Novgorod akwai wani real hadarin rasa ƙasa da fall daga gidan sarauta, gwamnatin. Tsar Vasily aika zuwa dan dan'uwansa Michael. Voivod, hau a cikin arewacin birnin, na gano cewa, halin da ake ciki ne sosai shubuha. Bolotnikova jamiái gudanar don shawo wasu daga cikin gida boyars da kuma manya a insolvency "polutsarya". A halin da ake ciki dumama har da gaskiyar cewa makwabta biranen Pskov da Ivangorod Moscow ya canza dan kasa.

Sa'a, da Novgorod gwamnan Tatishchev kasance da aminci ga sarki, tare da Skopin-Shumsky, sun ɓullo da wani shirin. Ofishin jakadancin na Novgorod, karkashin jagorancin Sarkin haɗu da wani mishan a tattaunawa da shugaban na Swedish sojojin Yakobom Delagardi, ya kammala wani ƙawance alkawari da shi a kan Commonwealth.

Skopin-Shumsky ya ƙarfafa ruhun Novgorod sojojin, don haka a lokacin da ganuwar birnin, a cikin bege na wani sauki nasara, kai shelves na Yaren mutanen Poland Pan Kozinetskogo, suka hadu ba buɗe ƙofar, da kuma bindigar daga cikin ganuwar Novgorod. Pan ya dawo hannu wofi.

Battle karkashin tukunyar jirgi

Dawo zuwa Moscow, sarki ya dan wa, da basira maneuvering, ya tilasta sojoji Ivana Bolotnikova ga wani hukunci yaƙi kusa da kauyen kusa Moscow Boilers Disamba 2, 1806. A wani m yaƙi da Cossack haske sojojin doki, suna begen zuwa reserves da bukata Skopina kamar yadda karkashin ganuwar Moscow, da doki counter hari, matasa kwamandan 'yan tawayen sun yi amfani da m dabara.

Maimakon reciprocating sabon doki lawa gana da volleys na grapeshot. Ya nuna ikonsa gina a lokacin yaƙi, a gabza maneuvering manyan bindigogi (maharba ake kira ta "tafiya-filin"). Sa'an nan gina demoralized bolotintsev aka yanka a kan flank da shugabanci na tasiri na nauyi sojojin doki.

Wanda ya sha fama da asarar da Cossack Ataman sojojin, ya tsere da encirclement, suka tattara ta hanyar Serpukhov zuwa Kaluga. Duk da haka, MV Skopin-Shumsky tafi a kan fassara da m dabarun na ci gaba da hare-hare. A cikin watan Yuni 1607 a Crow River uku daga cikin rajimanti kutsa tsaron layi na troublemakers, wanda suka tattara zuwa Tula kuma zauna a can.

shan Tula

City da sturdy ganuwar, abinci da kuma armories ya m goro ga crack ga sarauta ƙulla. Kuma Ivan Bolotnikov, wani mutum daga mataki, ba na son wani bulala yaro. Skopin-Shuisky kokarin karɓe shi da hadari, amma aka rebuffed.

Dan wa sarki gane da abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin matsayi na kare, su manyan bindigogi. Ya kamantuwa da kewaye gaske Tunzura wani, mafi wayo shirin. Kwamandan Skopin Shumsky asirce da umarnin up kogi, wanda ya Tula, to gina madatsar ruwan. Lokacin da ruwa matakin ya tashi, da shi da aka halaka. Yana flooded da kare manyan bindigogi depots da na'urorin haɗi. The m storming na Tula ya da wani rabo. Tare da wani taro na Bolotnikov shi ya kan.

Duk da haka, a kan kursiyin a Moscow loomed ma fi girma barazana.

Arya Dmitry II. War tare da Poland

Yaren mutanen Poland magnates, gani da rauni na Muscovy, ganye ba su da bege zuwa rabu da e da mulki. A ra'ayin wani sabon yaƙin neman zaɓe ba dole ba ne duba dogon. Kamar wancan ne aka haife ta arya Dmitry II na, a protege na Commonwealth, mutum mai baƙin ciki, kuma sarrafawa, - wani murfin domin Maris a birnin Moscow. Dalili na sojoji, wanda ya yi magana a karkashin zaci manufa, da rajimanti Sapieha da Ruzhin dubu 14.000 sojoji. Sun hade da Cossack dakarun na Trubetskoy da Zarutsky (da a cikin rundunar sojojin farko arya Dmitry). Wannan sojojin farko koma a cikin shugabanci na Tula, domin haɗawa tare da Bolotnikov, amma ba ni da lokaci.

Tsar Vasily aika Skopin-Shumsky ga taimako ga Novgorod da Swedish majiɓinta.

A May 1609 Rasha-Swedish sojojin Skopina kuma De la Gardie, ya koma Moscow, ya fara kewaye da gentry. Ya aka shiga ta regiments na Smolensk mahukunta Shein.

A invaders aka kore baya zuwa Old Rus, Toropets. A yakin kusa Tver cikakken bayyana dabara iyawa sarauta dan. Voivod Zborowski, wanda ya yi ĩmãni da feint, rasa game da 5000 sojojin.

Duk da haka, bayan wannan m nasarori Union Jakob de la Gardie da Skopin-Shumsky rushe. Swedes sun sha'aninsu dabam da siyasa raga na Muscovy, sun kasance sha'awar kofuna da dama. Tare da Rasha sojojin zauna rajimanti Christer Somme, daya cikin biyar na kungiyar tarayyar ƙulla. Saboda haka, Rasha sojojin na baya ƙarfi daga cikin invaders, amma adana wani hadade dabarun domin Prince Michael ya muhimmanci.

shugaban

Skopin-Shumsky a lokacin da aka sosai shahara tsakanin mutane, saboda bayan ya tsaya a karkashin Kalyazin, ya aika da manzanni zuwa wurinsa daga ko'ina daga al'ummomi da kuma gidajen lama fara samun reinforcements da kuma kudi. A halin yanzu, kwamandan ya samu nasarar horar raznosherstoe shigowa sojoji zuwa yãƙi a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden model, cimma horo da kuma fasaha. Tare da rashin girmamawa a kan mahayan bristling bindigogi tafiya-gari. A dakaru koya wa rabu da mahayan rawar daji da kuma kashe wuta.

A karkashin shugabancin Skopin-Shumsky ya faru yakin kusa Kalyazin Triniti sufi (Makar'ev) tare da daidaita kansa sojojin gentry Jan Sapieha da Zborowski. Interventionists kai hare hare domin yaƙi da Muscovites, a lokacin da bakwai-hour yaƙi sha wahala nauyi asarar da kuma ja da baya.

Rasha ya ci gaba, da ciwon lashe Pereyaslav-Zaleski da Alexander unguwar. Sun tsananta: Moscow gwamnan ni'imtar da ita a gidajen lama ciyar kudi a kan Delagardi sojojin haya.

A halin yanzu, Dogayen sanda regrouped. 20 dubu Elite sojojin Sapieha msa Skopin-Shumsky. Duk da haka, da yaƙi a filin wasa da aka lashe ta Karin Rasha da kuma Yaren mutanen Sweden. Wadanda stoically msa hauka frontal hari na Yaren mutanen Poland hussars, jinkirta su itace da ƙasar fortifications, kawai don kife su flank harin.

Da shan kashi na sojojin Sapieha

Skopin-Shumsky nasara tilasta Polish King Sigismund III nuna masa gaskiya face da kuma bayyana yaki a kan Muscovy, kursiyin wanda ya yanke shawarar vossadit Prince Ladislas. Ya aiko da sojojinsa a cikin babban springboard Muscovy - Smolensk.

Duk da haka, mafi girma da hatsarin ba Sarki Men, da kuma located ma kusa da Moscow, karkashin Tushino sojojin Sapieha (Saboda haka sunan barkwanci tarihi arya Dmitry II - «Tushino barawo"). Duk da haka, Prince Michael bai bar abokan gaba kadai. Sally Skopinskaya gwamnan kafin isowa daga cikin manyan sojojin tilasta Dogayen sanda koma baya daga Tushino zuwa Dmitrov.

A watan Fabrairu 1610 Skopin-Shumsky Mikhail kaddamar da wani hukunci yaƙi a kan deprotected Moscow. Ya generalship gaggãwar mataki - don ta dace da daga baya Rasha kwamandan soja, Suvorov. Ya kasance a cikin guntu yiwu lokacin siffofin da ski rajimanti na musketeers, wanda, saboda wani m high gudun rawar daji, ya hallaka wani ci-gaba outpost na Dogayen sanda da kuma tura makamai a gaban shugabanci. Nan da nan (shi ya Fabrairu 20) zo zuwa ga ceto lossless Rasha sojojin nan da nan overturns sojojin Sapieha, ya hallaka shi ya fi. The tsira manya gudu zuwa Smolensk, domin a haɗa tare da sarauta sojojin.

maimakon a ƙarshe

Victoriously gama hunturu yaƙin neman zaɓe na 1610, ya ubangijina, kuma gwamnan, Prince MV Skopin-Shuya a cikin daukaka da baya zuwa Moscow. Ya kasance gaisuwa da kuma farin ciki, a jira na hukunci Maris zuwa Smolensk.

Boyars gigice wannan matasa Brown da kuma m Rasha bautãwa na yaki a kai mutane ta soyayya, wanda suka taba mafarkin. A da shi suka gani a mafi bayyane kishiya ikonsa fiye da manya. Villainy lurking a cikin iyali nufi na sarki ɗan'uwanmu, Dmitry, iƙirarin da kursiyin. Ya gangan halitta jita-jita cewa Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky son zama monarch. "Polutsar", kasancewa kansa a villain a zuciya, authorizes da kisan gillar da dan dan'uwansa.

Skopina-Shumsky yayi kashedin da hatsarin abokinsa, da Swede Jakob de la Gardie, na kira da'a hadakai farkon spring don fara da anti-Polish kamfanin. Duk da haka, matasa gwarzo cikin sauri.

Babu shakka shi ne cewa ya yi kisankai shirya a gaba. Ya aka nada a lokacin baftismar da jariri dan Prince Vorotynsky. Skopin-Shumsky gayyace godfather, kuma ya poisoner (matar Prince Dmitry Catherine, 'yar Malyuta Skuratov) - godmother. All yanke shawarar Doke shi gefe ta kofin giya. guba cututtuka sun kama wadanda bayyana a Boris Godunov. Duk da haka, da iko jikin Prince Michael makonni biyu kokarin tsayayya da m guba.

Saboda haka rikice-kiyashi Shuiskys kashe 'yan'uwa su hannuwan mutane, na da ikon ajiye su daular, ga wanda ya kasance Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky. Brief amma m ya ransa. A mutuwar dukan na Moscow ado a makoki, zaman makoki da gaske kasa gwarzo. Breakfast ne Knight Delagardi koka cewa babu inda ba, ba a Rasha, kuma a gida ya ba haɗuwa da aboki.

Gwaggwanninku gwarzo, ya kisa, wanda ba su da basira da ko gyara Muscovy ko kai ta sojojin zarar sami kansu kama a tarko da sandunan, da kuma babban birnin da aka dauka ignominiously, ba tare da wani yaki.