Menene sunan software kunshin da iko aiki na kwamfuta da kuma samar da dubawa tsakanin mutane da kwakwalwa?

A duniya ta yau yana da wuya su yi tunanin wani mutum wanda zai daga makaranta ba ci karo da irin wannan abu a matsayin "software kunshin, wanda ya samar da hulda tsakanin mutane da kwakwalwa." Kokarin gane abin da shi ne, da kuma wanda abubuwa ne wani ɓangare na shi.

Menene sunan software kunshin cewa iko da kwamfuta aiki?

Saboda haka, da sosai ra'ayi irin wannan kunshin fito a alfijir na kwamfuta kayan aiki da kuma related fasahar.

Yau, an zaci cewa a cikin za'a fadada ma'ana da kalmar software kunshin da iko aiki na kwamfuta da kuma aiki da kwamfuta kanta, kazalika da gudanar da mai amfani-tsare da ayyuka, shi ne kome, a matsayin tsarin aiki, da dukan da abubuwa. Wasu mutane kuskure yi imani da cewa shi ne kawai a wasu tsarin aiki tare da tsarin matakin-shirye-shirye. Duk da haka, abin da ake kira "tsabta" da tsarin shi ne kusan ba ya faruwa a yau.

Abin da aka hada a manufar da tsarin aiki?

Game da fahimtar Tsarukan aiki, ko a matsayin wani lokaci ana kiransu, "operatsionok" ba kawai a bangare na tsarin.

A karshen ne zalla software kunshin, management na kwamfuta aiki da kuma tabbatar da daidai aiki. Shi ke nan. Bisa ga fahimtar "tsarki" tsarin, shi ba tsara don yi da wasu al'amurran da matsala, da cewa suna da kõme ba yi da "OSes". A ci gaba da irin wannan tsarin zai zama gaba daya bai dace ba, saboda amfani da su domin wasu takamaiman dalilai (a cikin farkon zamanin kwamfuta fasahar - al'ada lissafi yin amfani da ilmin lissafi, algebraic da trigonometric ayyuka) zai zama kawai zai yiwu ba. To, a yau ne tsarin da cewa suna da wata babbar dama ce, idan ba a kan dukan lokatai, amma a kalla mafi daga gare su.

Kuma kansu tsarukan yau za ka iya samun quite mai yawa: .. Windows, Mac OS X, Free BSD, Linux, UNIX, da dai sauransu A cikin wadannan, a Bugu da kari ga tsarin rarraba, yana da wani m tsararru na gaba daya daban-daban aikace-aikace, kamar graphics aiki, sauraron kiɗa , kallon bidiyo, da sauransu .. Babu shakka, wannan shi ne kawai wasu daga cikin abubuwa, maimakon cikakken sa.

Da cewa irin wannan software a wani janar ji?

Amma abin da ake kira software, shi ne, a ainihi, a sa na cikakken dukan shirye-shirye da cewa an shigar da tsoho ko da mai amfani a wani musamman kwamfuta tsarin.

A wasu kalmomin, shi ne wani software kunshin da iko aiki na kwamfuta in za'a fadada ma'ana: aikin tsarin aiki, da daidai aiki na "baƙin ƙarfe" na'urorin (motherboards, graphics katunan, sauti cards, cibiyar sadarwa da na'urorin, faifai tafiyarwa, USB-tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma na'urorin, daban-daban kayayyaki mara waya ta sadarwa, a yanki, da sauransu. d.), tabbatar da hulda tsakanin kwamfuta da mai amfani (Gui), da kuma ikon hada mahara inji ko rumfa gida cibiyar sadarwa, damar yin amfani da duniya n duck, kuma yafi.

Tsarin software kunshin, management na kwamfuta aiki da kuma samar da hulda hade da wani ba mai amfani da aiki da kuma mayar da martani ga kisan da tsarin aiki na iya ba ko da yaushe aiki, musamman game da daidai al'ada šaukuwa shirye-shirye ba a hade tare da tsarin.

Idan muka magana game da aikace-aikace da damar mai amfani don amfani da duk overt da kuma gefen damar da tsarin, nan da fari shi ne a zana ke dubawa. Ta hanyar da shi da mutum samun damar zuwa duk siffofin da dama. Amma ba ko da yaushe. A karo na farko da irin wannan dubawa an ci gaba ta amfani da abu-daidaitacce shirye-shirye dabaru, a lõkacin da ta juyin juya halin Musulunci a lokacin OS Windows 3.1.

Kafin wannan tsarin da aka yi amfani da musamman hankali ne a kan kisan da umarnanka. Wadannan su ne ake kira DOS-tsarin, cewa za a iya isa ga ta umurnin line ko amfani da aiki key haduwa. Duk da yake mutane da yawa tuna da cewa a karon farko saki Norton Kwamandan, ba kawai a mai sarrafa fayil (as yawa imani), amma quite mai iko kayan aiki domin tace rubutu bayanai da kuma ko da duba wasu hoto Formats.

Yau, duk da haka, tsarin software kunshin da iko aiki na kwamfuta, ya hada da wani yawa na abubuwa. Alal misali, a cikin Bugu da kari zuwa aikace-aikace don aiki na fi "OSes", wannan ra'ayi ya hada da na'urar da direbobi, waxanda suke da musamman shirye-shirye ko tsauri dakunan karatu, da samar daina hulda tsakanin su hardware da kuma tsarin aiki. Ba tare da wani direba, babu "baƙin ƙarfe" da bangaren zai yi aiki ba - shi kawai ba ya gane tsarin.

Bugu da kari, wannan jerin za a iya hada da musamman damar canji na kwamfuta tsarin sanyi, iko damar zuwa takamaiman ayyuka, saitin lokaci daya da yin amfani da wasu na gida ko na cibiyar sadarwa user account a lokacin da ka shiga zuwa mahara rijista masu amfani a kan wani guda m, ko mahara tashoshi a cikin gida yankin ko wani mai rumfa cibiyar sadarwa, da sauransu. d.

A janar ra'ayi aikace-aikace

Bugu da kari ga tsarin rarraba za a iya ware da kuma qware software kunshin da iko aiki na kwamfuta da kuma samar da wani mai amfani ga kashe wani takamaiman aiki. Irin shirye-shiryen da ake kira aikace-aikace.

Hakika, a yau cikin kewayon ayyuka da cewa su iya yi m kwamfuta tsarin, ya kumbura da yawa. Alal misali, ta hanyar yin amfani da musamman ilmin lissafi kunshe-kunshe iya warware mafi hadaddun matsaloli har tensor lissafai.

sabon fasali

Modern aikace-aikace da suka shafi kimiyyar lissafi ko sunadarai iya ko canzawa wasu yanayi da cewa kafin jiki ne ba a can duk da haka a hakikanin rai. Software kunshe-kunshe kamar AutoCAD samar da gagarumin dama ga zanen kaya na daban-daban tsarin a sosai fagage daban-daban na kimiyya da fasaha.

Kuma abin da ya ce game da sauti da kuma bidiyo? A baya can, shi duka ya sauko zuwa kawai kallon da sauraro, da kuma yanzu zaka iya samun wasu masu sana'a software kunshin cewa iko da aiki na kwamfuta da kuma bayar da ba kawai da rikodi na music ko maher a studio, amma kuma ba ka damar haifar music ba tare da wani kayan aikin a duk. A daidai wannan sauti a irin wannan aikace-aikace ne ba daban-daban daga "real" kida.

Wannan ke video aiki. Duba, saboda wannan yaki Neo Morpheus daga farko na trilogy "The Matrix" da aka kera shi a cikin shirin maimakon yin fim live. Duk da haka, da jerin iya tafi a kan kusan illa ma sha Allahu.

Standard Windows shirin

Ba sai an fada ba tare da cewa a cikin kowane san tsarin aiki yau yana da wani misali software kunshin da iko aiki na kwamfuta da kuma samar da mai amfani da duk abin da ake bukata a yi wasu na kowa ayyuka. Tun da muna da aka fi amfani Windows OS gyara, la'akari da wannan musamman sa.

Ga za ka iya samun misali sarrafa fayil kira "Explorer", a wajen duba da shirya hoto da hotuna, player for music kuma video, da rubutu Editocin, a wajen tsarin gwamnati da kuma sanyi, a cikin hanyar "Control Panel", gina-a browser don samun damar Intanit, Tools saita cikin gida ko mai rumfa networks, musamman kudi ga mutane da nakasa (misali, ga waɗanda ke tãre da matalauta gani, da tsarin kawo shawara don amfani da magnifier don faɗaɗa Nia image) da kuma fiye da.

Companion Shirye-shiryen da Features

Daga cikin wasu daga cikin ƙarin aka gyara ya kamata a jaddada software kunshin da iko aiki na kwamfuta da kuma tabbatar da kare lafiya da tsarin. A Windows, wadannan aikace-aikace an kira firewalls ko Firewall.

Bugu da kari kuma, kusan dukan, masu amfani a yanzu yadu amfani anti-virus software tsara musamman don kare kwakwalwa daga cutar hare-hare ko yin qeta code, kayan leken asiri aikace-aikace ko maras so shirye-shirye da cewa za a iya ba kawai muhimmanci rushe dukan tsarin, amma kuma ta kai ga ta da cikakken "Paint ".

maimakon wani epilogue

Kamar yadda ka gani, a software kunshin da iko aiki na kwamfuta - shi ne ba kawai "Operating System", samar da hulda tare da PC mutum, amma kuma da dama ƙarin abubuwa da cewa ba da damar mayar da hankali a kan wasan kwaikwayon na wani takamaiman aiki. Saboda haka a ce shi ne kawai "Operating System", kawai ba su da. Ga fahimtar, wa'adi ne mai yawa fadi. Kuma idan ka yi la'akari da m ci gaba da kwamfuta fasaha, wanda ya sani, watakila a nan gaba, da irin tsarin kullum tafi bayan mu ba fahimtar da zai Target wani mabanbanta, duk da haka ko da unanticipated dalilai.