Metro Berlin - kewaye, rufe sararin ƙasa

Metro Berlin, kuma ake magana a kai a matsayin U-Bahn (wanda yake nufin "a karkashin kasa reluwe" na Untergrundbahn kalmomi) - daya daga cikin tsofaffin a Turai. Yana bude a 1902 da kuma a halin yanzu hidima 170 tashoshin, wanda ya kasu kashi goma rassan da total tsawon 151,7 kilomita. Aƙalla 80% na jiragen kasa layin a karkashin kasa Berlin aka boye a karkashin wani Layer na duniya.

A lokacin shekara, shi hidima fiye da 400 miliyan fasinjoji a 2012, 507,3 miliyan fasinjoji amfani da U-Bahn. Daily fasinja jirgin karkashin kasa ne game da 1.4 mutane miliyan. Its management, gyara da kuma tabbatarwa da ya kasance mafi girma a birni kai kamfanin Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, wanda aka fi sani da acronym BVG.

saukaka tsarin

Frequency na jiragen kasa yana da wani tazara da 2.5 minti at ganiya weekdays da minti biyar ga sauran rana. A yamma, jiragen kasa zo kowane minti 10. Akwai kuma jadawalin ga dare lokacin da rana.

Babban kai na babban birnin kasar ne Berlin jirgin karkashin kasa. A makirci ne a hankali lauye da hadaddun birane jiragen kasa - S-Bahn. Saboda haka, townspeople kuma baƙi suna da ikon da sauri da kuma kage isa wani so location.

labarin

Berlin shi ne na farko a birnin a Jamus don gina jirgin karkashin kasa, da kuma na biyar a Turai bayan London, Budapest, Glasgow da kuma Paris. A manyan rawa a cikin halittar kai hadaddun taka leda Werner von Siemens - sanannen Jamus injiniya da kuma kirkiro. Wannan ya nasa ne da ra'ayin gina wani boye jirgin kasa na cibiyar sadarwa don saduwa da girma zirga-zirga da matsaloli a cikin babban birnin kasar na Jamus a cikin marigayi 19th karni.

A farko shugabanci a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa da aka gina da kuma kaddamar a 1902 bayan wani dogon lokaci na shiryawa da kuma tattaunawa na aikin. Layin shige kan ƙasa da kuma sun fi mayar da maimaita fasaha mafita daga New York na dagagge reluwe waƙoƙi. A m shekaru, kara yawan rassan da Metro a Berlin. Tuki zuwa saman yakin duniya na farko da hudu kwatance.

Bugu da ari, shirin gina karkashin kasa da ababen more rayuwa da aka yi niyya to connect babban birnin kasar da kuma ta yankuna: da Wedding, wanda aka located a arewacin, tare da Tempelhof da Neukölln, ayi a kudu. Wadannan ayyukan da aka fara a watan Disamba 1912, kuma karfi da jinkiri har 1930 saboda yaki da zuwan taro kudi matsaloli.

Jihar lokacin da National Socialists

Lokacin da ikon ya Nazi jam'iyyar a shekara ta 1933, Jamus ya canza ƙwarai. Wadannan canje-canje sun ta shafa a Berlin jirgin karkashin kasa. Duk tashoshin da aka rataye Nazi flags, biyu abubuwa da aka sake masa suna ba a daraja na heroes of sabon tsarin mulki. Architect Speer ya ɓullo da wani m aikin fadada Berlin jirgin karkashin kasa. A kewaye da nufin haifar da wani annular line wanda zai gama da sauran zaren da juna.

A lokacin yakin duniya na II Vtorov tashoshin da aka yi amfani da matsayin iska-hari mafaka. Lantarki ne sau da yawa fallasa su hallaka, wasu daga waxanda suke iya sauri kashe. Amma don cikar mayar da lalacewar hana m yãƙi. Duk da wannan, da motsi na jiragen kasa da aka kiyaye har karshen tashin.

Kawai a karshen Afrilu 1945 dan lokaci tsayar da aikin na Berlin jirgin karkashin kasa. Rami makirci nuna cewa su aka flooded katse da wadata da na wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, a cikin wata daya daga cikin fili da aka sake bai wa wani aiki jihar. Da yawa daga cikin bashi wannan nasa ne da birnin Kwamandan N. E. Berzarinu.

Soviet zamanin

A mafi muhimmanci aukuwa a rayuwa na birnin shi ne da rabo ya shiga kashi biyu. iyaka da aka gabatar a kan motsi mutane daga gabas zuwa yamma da kuma mataimakin versa. Akwai ya kasance sananne yi na Berlin Wall - shinge da ya raba da sarari kashi biyu. Wannan ya kawo matsaloli da dama na a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa.

wayewar

Yau, da Berlin karkashin kasa yana da 10 Lines - 9 babban da daya karin. A cibiyar sadarwa yana da tsawon wata babbar da kuma maida hankali da wani yanki na ba kawai da birnin, amma kuma a nan kusa makiyayarta. Domin yawon bude ido a cikin sayarwa ne a Berlin jirgin karkashin kasa taswira tare da manyan duwãtsu. Saboda wannan, baƙi da babban birnin kasar na iya tafiya tare da tsoro ba na yin rasa, da kuma gano duk ban sha'awa abubuwa.