Ministan Al'adu da Tarayyar Soviet Furtseva Catherine: biography, aikin, iyali

Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna - wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa ne kawai mace a cikin kasar, wanda yake a cikin 2nd rabin karni na 20th. Ya ya iya hawa zuwa taron na iko. A girl, wanda aka haifa a High Volochek, shekaru da dama shi ne "uwar gida" a Moscow, da kuma bayan shan suka kujeru a jam'iyyar Olympus, kasancewa mambobin na sakatariyar da presidium na jam'iyyar kwamitin tsakiya. Shekaru goma sha huɗu Ekaterina Furtseva shi ne shugaban ma'aikatar al'adu da Tarayyar Soviet.

Ta yaya za mu iya bayyana irin wannan wuce yarda aiki a matsayin talakawa yarinya? Ta m mutuntakar, damar, sa'a ko juyayi shugabannin? Hakika, duk wannan, babu shakka, kasance ba a rayuwar ta. Duk da haka Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna tsayin ƙulli su hanya a cikin al'umma, karfafa mai sauri aiki mace. A wannan yanayi, mu heroine ne ba togiya.

Career dirkar

12.07.1910, a cikin Upper Volochyok, wanda shi ne a wancan lokaci a cikin Tver lardin, da kuma Furtseva Catherine aka haife. Biography ya quite wuya. Catherine ta uba, Alex Gavrilovic, an talakawa karfe ma'aikacin. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, ya aka girke a cikin tsarist sojojin, inda ya rasu a cikin sosai farko yaƙi. Duk da cewa al'adar Catherine Furtsevoy raya, a duban farko, sosai, ta samu a farkon yara traumatized da asarar mahaifinsa, kullum tsoron a bar ku, watsi da kuma abin tunkuɗewa. Wannan mace ne sosai dogara a kan abokai da iyali, beloveds da kuma abokai. Ta ya ji tsoro su yi tunanin abin da zai yi shi kadai.

Uwar Catherine Furtsevoy, Marya Nikolaevna, aure ne ba a buga. Ita ce ta daya tashe a kan kafafu ya kuma wani ɗã. Marya Nikolayevna da jahili mace. Duk da haka, a cikin birnin ta ji dadin mai girma.

A ikon yin yanke shawara da kuma ciki ƙarfi gada daga tsohuwar Furtseva Catherine. Biography shi daga baya ɓullo da cewa hanya saboda karfi da hali, wanda za a iya ce, ya mi} a da mace gaji. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, Catherine A. hankali ga boye ji na gazawan da cewa tare da ta rayuwa.

Bayan shekaru bakwai na yarinya shiga factory makaranta, inda ta samu sana'a na dirkar. Employment Tarihi Furtsevoy Catherine fara aiki a cikin na'ura. Daga bisani, da ministan Al'adu na nan gaba kunshe m mata laƙabi "dirkar". Babban yan siyasa a kowane damar zama girman kai, raina tuna ta farko aikin. Duk da yake akwai kome reprehensible a cikin wannan. Kuma m cewa yarinya ya fara farkon zuwa aikin, ba kawai girmamawa, amma kuma juyayi.

Duk da haka, ba dogon tsaya ga na'ura Furtseva Catherine. Biography of ta ya canja da cika fuska bayan da shigarwa cikin Komsomol.

Catherine ya kira da kyau-ɓullo da yarinya, cewa shi ne cikakken cikin layi tare da tsammanin na zamanin. Wannan shi ne lokacin da Catherine ne a zahiri tsage tsakanin sha'awar saduwa a cikin rayuwar wannan mutumin, da kuma a wata hanya ba, yawan amfanin ƙasa da karfi jima'i.

Goma sha shida watanni, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakataren Komsomol gundumar kwamitin a kauyen Korenevo (yanzu Kursk yankin). Sa'an nan Furtseva samu wani sabon aiki, kuma bai kõma ba ga wannan yanki. Masana tarihi jayayya da cewa kamfanoni masu zaman rayuwa Ekateriny Furtsevoy a wannan lokaci a nan gaba a hankali a boye nan gaba Ministan Al'adu. Yana da ya shafi gaskiya cewa 25/08/1931, da yarinya da aure a gida kafinta. Duk da haka, watanni uku daga baya aure ƙare a kashe aure. Sunan farko da matar Furtsevoy masana tarihi kiyaye asirin.

murna da farin ciki

Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna ya sosai alamar rahama ma'aikaci. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a shekarar 1931 ta canja wurin da post na Sakatariyar Komsomol a Feodosia. A nan, a Koktebel, shi ne ta babban bege gare wasanni na gliding. Kuma ta ya sanya shawarwari a kan yankin jam'iyyar kwamitin binciken a cikin Higher ilimi da darussa Tunisair. Sa'an nan Furtseva zo zuwa Saratov, inda ta zama mai taimako ga shugaban sashen siyasa a Komsomol a cikin jirgin sama kwaleji.

Wannan shi ne inda Catherine hadu da ita farko ƙauna mai girma. Ta zabi shi matukin jirgin Petr Ivanovich Bitkov. A cikin thirties na karshe karni, da matukan jirgin dadin yawa nasarar da mata a kusa da su yi godiya ga kyau. Kuma Peter Bitkov ya ban sha'awa da kuma shahararren mutum. Yana gana Catherine ra'ayi na wani hadari rayuwa da abokin tarayya wanda zai iya zama real domin ta kariya da kuma goyon bayan da ta ba da abin da ta hana a baya. The matasa aure.

A 1936, Peter Bitkov aka canjawa wuri zuwa aiki a sashen siyasa na sufurin jiragen sama ta. A wannan batun, matasa iyali koma Moscow. A cikin babban birnin kasar Furtseva fara aiki a matsayin malami a sashen na dalibai na Komsomol. Ta ya samu nasarar sun jimre da aikinsu sanya shi. Kuma wannan duk da cewa ita ba a cikin dalibi ta rayuwa, ta taba bai shiga kanta a mafi girma ilimi.

A 1937 Furtseva aka aika zuwa karatu a Cibiyar Lafiya Chemical Technology. Lomonosov. Duk da haka, wani dalibi Catherine A. kasance m. Lalle ne, nan da nan bayan m ta zama tsunduma a cikin jama'a aiki, shan post na sakataren kwamitin jam'iyya na Cibiyar. Hakika, da diploma na mafi girma ilimi ta samu. Suka kuma ba shi da ita, a 1941, kafin yaki. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa fara aiki Catherine Alexeevna gaza a cikin sana'a.

iyali fashewa

A farkon yakin da Nazi Jamus ya ga wata mace ne ninki biyu ban tausayi. Husband Ekateriny Furtsevoy suka tafi wajen ƙofar, sa'an nan ya sanar da cewa ya aka barin iyali. Tare, suka daina rayu, ko da yake a wannan lokacin da suka zo da haske dogon-jiran yaro.

Catherine A. ko da yaushe ya so ya yi yara. Duk da haka, ta iya samun ciki kawai bayan shekaru goma sha aure. Kamar da yawa na tarihi facts game da Catherine Furtsevoy game da ta biography, haihuwar jariri ya samu camfin da jita-jita. Akwai, misali, magana game da yadda da cewa yarinya mahaifina shi ba a Peter Bitkov. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa suka ji rauni mijinta, kuma bar iyali. Duk da haka, akwai sauran versions. Petro, wani matashi da kyau mutum, ya sadu a gaban wata mace. Ya fadi cikin soyayya da kuma fara wani sabon iyali. An ce, irin wannan labari kamar gaskiya. Bayan duk, daga Svetlana Bitkov na ba ki. A akasin wannan, 'yar Catherine Furtsevoy warmly game da shi. Ta ce cewa kafin karshen rayuwarsa, Peter Ivanovic rasa ta uba ji.

Haihuwa na 'yar

A kasa na sirri rayuwa Ekateriny Furtsevoy bar a ta rai mai zurfi tabo. ta iya ba manta da mijinta. Shi kaɗai, kuma tsoro na rashin tabbas da kuma Loneliness, Furtseva ya shirya a wani lokaci ta yi watsi da yaro. Amma shi ya goyi bayan uwar, wanda ya zama mata a wadannan wuya sau da wannan goyon baya.

A lokacin daukar ciki Furtseva aka kwashe zuwa Kuibyshev (yanzu Samara). A birnin shi ne babban waje ofisoshin Commissariats. Haihuwa tafi da kyau. Catherine A. rubuce a kan 'yarsa ta sunan. Duk da haka, a Kuibyshev Furtseva rayu dogon. Ta jam'iyyar ma'aikacin, kirã su zuwa ga Moscow.

tunawa da shekaru

Duk da wuya yaki a 1942, ya kasance ga Catherine Furtsevoy zama sosai gagarumin. Bayan haihuwar 'yarta, ta samu wani sabon aiki. A girma da kuma sosai alamar matasa ma'aikacin lura Petr Vladimirovich Boguslavsky, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin na farko sakataren Frunze gundumar kwamitin na jam'iyyar. Ya nuna cewa Catherine Alexeevna shiga cikin naúrar. Tun daga nan, da kuma fara mai nasara jam'iyyar aiki mace wanda wasu lokaci daga baya kawo ta ga sosai pinnacle na iko. Kuma shi ne wata ila cewa m farko daga cikin jam'iyyar aiki taimake Furtsevoy tsira da sirri wasan kwaikwayo.

Tare da Petrom Vladimirovichem Boguslavskim daga Catherine Ina da dangantaka ta musamman. A farko sakataren gundumar kwamitin ya yaba da ita ba kawai kasuwanci, amma kuma mata halaye. Sun Furtseva yana da kyau. Mutane da yawa maza suna janyo hankalin zuwa hantsinta, siriri adadi da kuma m halin. Wanne sun ɓullo da wani dangantaka da Peter V. da Catherine I, ba a sani. Wadannan labaru ba raba ma tare da mafi kusantan mutane.

Kamar yadda na farko sakataren

Ainihin dokoki ga nasara a cikin rawar da jam'iyyar jami'an da aka koya Ekaterina Alekseevna kyawawan sauri. Ba da da ewa Furtseva canza Peter V. a post. Ta zama farka daga dukan Metropolitan yankin. Domin tabbatar da 'yancin da za a kira na farko sakataren gundumar kwamitin, Furtseva koya da yawa hali da kuma halaye na namiji shugabannin. Ta yi koyi ba da za a rude da lewd barkwanci da ba zama m, a cikin maza tawagar. Bugu da kari, shi zai iya, idan ya cancanta, a aika wani mutum a kan uwa da mai kyau sha.

Duk da haka Furtseva taba manta da cewa ta kasance mai tsananin kyau mace. Kuma shi ya ba ta wasu hanyoyi na da tasiri a kan mutane.

Catherine A. sãɓã wa jũna a wuya taro da kyau kwarai serviceability. Haka kuma, shi ko da yaushe cika ta alkawarai. Girmamawa sabili da kuma ta iyawa don tsara jama'a events. Kuma ko da abin da suka yi mayar da hankali. Wannan zai iya zama wani "tsarkakewa" na gundumar naúrar na cikin mutanen da suka zo zuwa Moscow daga arewacin babban birnin kasar cewa da aka bukata a tsakiyar "Leningrad hali", ko da tsaro ciki "Doctors 'Plot. Catherine A. ko da yaushe da kyau gaba na 'yan'uwanmu sakatarorin.

Motsi sama da aiki tsani

Major canje-canje a cikin biography Furtsevoy faru a lokacin da Stalin aka sa a gaba ga post na shugaban da Khrushchev Moscow. Daya daga cikin jam'iyyar sakataren Nikita Khrushchev so ya nada mace. A zabi fadi a kan kasuwanci da kuma mai kuzari Furtseva.

Hakika, aiki mata a cikin jam'iyyar na'ura aka motsi "daga karce." Yana da aka ji cewa kawai maza iya jimre da sanya nauyi a kan kafadu na ma'aikaci. Stalin kansa a lokacin ya zance da shugaban N. K. Baybakovym da masana'antun man fetur na Tarayyar Soviet, ya bayyana ra'ayin cewa jama'ar kasar Commissar da farko bukatar jijiyoyi na bullish da kaffa. Duk da haka, da farko Catherine Furtsevoy fili bai isa ba, domin shi ne ma wani tunanin mutum.

A Moscow da kai

A shekara bayan mutuwar Stalin, 26/05/1954, a Furtseva ya aka nada na farko sakataren Moscow kwamitin jam'iyyar. irin wannan babban ɓangare na kungiyar ba ya jagoranci wani mace har zuwa wannan lokaci. Saboda haka, Catherine A. shiga rawar da wani cikakken fledged "farka" na birnin.

Babu dangantaka tsakanin Furtsevoy da Khrushchev ya ba. Shugaban kasa ya kasance da aminci ga matarsa, kuma Ladies ya yi kawai kasuwanci dangantaka. Bugu da kari, ya tambayi duk wannan Khrushchev, ba tare da yin kowa ware.

aure

Hakika, da ya yi wani abun lura aiki Ekaterina Furtseva. Iyali ta, duk da haka, an har yanzu ake bukata. The mace bai bar fãtan gamuwa da karfi da kuma m, a cikin mutum da kansa. A karshe, ta sami farin ciki na kaina. Aiki a cikin jam'iyyar na'ura na babban birnin kasar, ya fadi cikin soyayya da Catherine A. Nikolaya Pavlovicha Firyubina - takwaransa sakataren. Ya kasance kuma yana da bin doka da aure ta m da shekaru biyu.

Roman Firyubin Furtsevoy kuma ya zama batu na tsegumi a cikin babban birnin kasar. Yana wani lokacin da jama'a saki ba a karfafa, da wata mace da aka sanya rawar da sadaukarwa iyaye mata da kuma mata. A ra'ayi na "farka" sa korau motsin zuciyarmu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Nikolay Pavlovich Firyubin a wani sauri ya bar iyalinsa. Duk da haka, bayan wani lokaci suka har yanzu suna zaune tare. Yana da daraja yana mai cewa sabon iyali stepdaughter da kuma uwa-in-doka hadu musamman m. Yana da aka kishi na Marya Nikolaevna da Svetlana, wanda ba ya so kowa a raba su ƙaunar daya.

saduwa da miji

Mai manufofin ba da damar Furtsevoy ji dadin iyali farin ciki. A Janairu 1954 Nikolaya Firyubina nada jakadan Czechoslovakia. Mutum a wannan wuri, kamar yadda mai mulkin, tare da matarsa, wanda ke taka rawa a cikin manufa. A ta kafadu ginu ne da wajibi don tsara receptions da kuma kafa dangantakar abokantaka tare da kasashen daga wasu ƙasashe. Duk da haka, ya yi hadaya da sana'arsu Catherine A. aikata ba. Yana da aka bai isa kawai don jin matarsa, da kuma tare da mijinta a Prague ta bar. Jam'iyyar kwamitin tsakiya dauki bayanin kula daga wannan halin da ake ciki da kuma ba da damar Firyubin zama daya a Czechoslovakia.

Hakika, da tsawo da rabuwa da bã ya amfãnin da aure. Furtseva ba so Firyubin bar kasar na dogon lokaci, amma ba har ya ganawa a matsayin jakadan ya gagara.

A saman da ikon

A musamman rawa a cikin rayuwar Furtsevoy taka leda 20th jam'iyyar Congress. Catherine A. bayani da aka tashi zuwa pinnacle na iko. A cikin shawarwarin da Khrushchev, ta nada sakataren kwamitin tsakiya da kuma shiga jerin 'yan takara don mambobi ne na presidium. A sabon matsayi kuwa mai nauyi a cikin kasar. Tare da amincewar da sakataren sakatariya na kwamitin tsakiya na iya yin wani abu, babu hukuma ko ma'aikata.

Khrushchev ĩmãni Ekaterina A. "nasa mutumin". Wannan ya sa ta ta zama memba na 06.29.1957 na Presidium na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU. Assigning ya quite m. Yana da daraja yana mai cewa irin wannan bai faru ba tukuna ba a cikin tarihi na Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma na gaba mace dauki wani irin post karkashin Gorbachev.

Khrushchev yi Furtsevoy m kyauta. Ya koma kasarsa na mijinta, ya nada shi mataimakin ministan harkokin waje na kasar.

autopsy jannayẽnsa

A saman da ikon Ekaterina Alekseevna Furtseva zauna kawai na shekaru uku. 05.04.1960, Khrushchev ba zato ba tsammani duk cire daga sakatariyar 'yan mutane jerin. Daga cikin su ya Catherine A ..

Menene dalilin canza mafi girma echelons na jihar dalĩli lists? An yi imani da cewa wannan harka KGB hannuwanku. Suka kuma kiyaye records na free tattaunawa kwamitin tsakiya sakatarorin a cikin sauran dakunan. Babu fitina ba a maganganunsu. Duk da haka, da suka yarda da su, don a m tsarin kula da hali na Nikita Khrushchev. Duk da haka, akwai wani bayani ga wannan al'amari. A yanayin da Khrushchev ya tada shi to son wani mutum ya m tuddai, sa'an nan dadin da shi, sauki ga raba tare da 'yan fi so da kuma fara inganta wani.

Amma duk da haka kawai a kan wani shekara Furtseva ci gaba da zama wakilin daga cikin mafi girma echelons na iko. Duk da haka, da 21 ga watan Congress na presidium shi ne ba a hada. Wannan al'amari ya zama Catherine na wani mummunan duka. Kuma da mace ko da kokarin kashe kansa.

A wannan rana, a lokacin da ta kasance a wani taro na 21 th Congress, Furtseva zo gida, ya tafi gidan wanka da kuma yanka masa wuyan hannaye. Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin ta yi mutu, kuma ba zai. Wannan al'amari ya tabbatar da cewa Catherine A. bai soke wani taron tare da budurwa. Yana yana kan ta Furtseva kuma danƙa rawar da mai ceto malã'ika ne. A aboki ya yi duk abin da zai yiwu. Catherine A. ceto. Duk da haka, wannan "kuka daga zuciya" ya ba sa wani dauki daga Khrushchev. The sosai Kashegari bayan da ya faru, ya ce a wani taron kara girman na kwamitin tsakiya, ba lallai ba ne ga wannan ƙoƙari na fita daga rai ko da kula. Wadannan kalmomi da aka canjawa wuri Furtsevoy. Kuma ta tsallake zuwa da kanta, da kuma fara sha sosai. Wannan al'amari ya tabbatar da wani aboki Ekateriny Furtsevoy, daya daga wanda ya Lyudmila Zykina.

Ministan post

A watan daga baya samu wani sako game da wani sabon alƙawari Furtsevoy. Ministan Al'adu da Tarayyar Soviet nan da nan ya karbi sunan barkwanci, wanda ya zama mallakar dukan ƙasar - Ekaterina Velikaya. Ta tawagar hada da dubban ma'aikata na al'adu na duniya, rike da mukamai a Moscow da kuma Moscow yankin. Kuma ya "sojojin" ta yi zaton 3-4 miliyan talakawa kultorgov cikin Tarayyar Soviet, malamai, gidan kayan gargajiya ma'aikata, ma'aikata Studios, sinimomi, kuma haka a. D.

Ministan Al'adu Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna ya kusan kadai daya daga cikin shugabannin da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya gaske sha'awar da musanyar al'adu tsakanin kasashen. A ranar da himma, da maigida ya tafi a kan wani waje yawon shakatawa, da kuma Tarayyar Soviet ziyartar kasashen waje artists, da mawaƙa, da masu kida. Kawo kasarmu da duniya mafi kyau gidajen tarihi nune-nunen.

Ministan Al'adu na Tarayyar Soviet da babba iko. Duk da haka, kowace yanke shawara iya kawo wani hadarin aiki. Wannan ya taimaka da cewa akida halin da ake ciki da cewa ya ci gaba a kasar. An tare da wani m yanayi kuma yana sanya kawo karshen abin da jũna wani wasu sabawa daga jam'iyyar line. shi ne a cikin sha'awa na Furtsevoy wajen ba mai kyau fiye da warware. Bayan nasarar tsĩrar ga wani wasa ko wani movie yin fim yabo addabi actor kuma darektan. Domin shigar da "kuskure" ya amsa mata.

Duk da haka Furtseva ya wani lokacin a kashe Annabãwa bã da bincikar ayyukan da kuma dauki cikakken nauyin. Bugu da kari ga data kasance ƙungiya tsarin shi ne sau da yawa shiryar da sirri alhini da zargi, kyamar.

masu juna biyu mutuwar

Mutuwar Marya Nikolaevna a shekara ta 1972, ya zama wani real bala'i ga Furtsevoy. Yana dogara sun fi mayar a kan uwa da bukatar ta yabo. Budurwa Catherine Furtsevoy san cewa a zuciyar ta ne sosai m. Ta koka ga su da cewa babu wanda yake so, kuma cewa babu wanda ya fahimci. Kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda wadannan zarge-zarge sun gaskiya? Husband na Catherine I, Nicholas I, kome game da dangantakarsa da matarsa ba a gaya.

Karshen aiki

Da yake kamar yadda Ministan Al'adu, Furtseva yanke shawarar fara gina nasu villa. Duk da haka, ta nemi taimako a cibiyoyin subordinated zuwa gare shi. Amma wani sadaukar da wannan batu ya rubuta ga ministan denunciation. Yana ce cewa Furtseva keta Party da kuma jihar xa'a, saye a Bolshoi wasan kwaikwayo a rangwame farashin kayan gini. Catherine na yi sallama zuwa jihar dacha. A dawowar, ta samu diyya na 25 dubu. Rubles. Duk da haka, jagorancin yanke shawarar aika Furtseva ritaya. Amma a cikin wani zance da ita aboki, ta bayyana wani m niyyar mutu, kamar yadda wani minista. Kuma haka ya faru.

Yadda Catherine mutu Furtseva? Haka ya faru a ranar da ta zama sane da wani fensho da kuma cewa Nikolai Pavlovich bar ta ga wata mace. Irin wannan biyu duka Catherine A. bai iya tsayayya. Lalle ne, gaba na ta sa ran rayuwa dreary m pensioner. Wannan tabbatar da ta fi tsanani.

Hukumance, da mutuwa da Catherine Furtsevoy faru daga m zuciya rashin cin nasara. Haka ya faru, duk da haka nan da nan 10/24/1974 Moscow ne cike da jita-jita, da cewa wani biyu kunar bakin ƙoƙari ta har yanzu ya kasa. A cewar unofficial data, Furtseva guba da cyanide.

A Catherine Na halarci jana'izar ta farko miji - Bitrus Ivanovich Bitkov. Sa'an nan ya ce wa 'yarsa Svetlana cewa lifelong soyayya kawai mahaifiyarta. Af, ya bai taƙaice samu matarsa ta farko.

Firyubin ya tafi tare da Kleopatroy Gogolevoy, matar tsohon sakataren kwamitin jam'iyyar kwaminis na Moscow Regional kwamitin.

Inda aka binne Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna? A Novodevichy hurumi a Moscow. Ta kabarin ne located in 14th jere a kan 3rd sashe. Next zuwa ta ƙarya, kuma ita 'yar Svetlana, wanda ya mutu a 2005. Wannan ya kafa iyali binne tunawa. Wani] an da m M. O. Barsch da sculptor P. E. Kerbel. Wannan tunawa wakiltar hudu tsaye stele sanya haske marmara. Daya daga ta gefen fuskoki yana cikin siffar wani molo. A na sama ne tunawa taimako image a kan wanda - Catherine Furtseva kanta. Shekaru na rayuwa marigayin aka ba a kayyade ba. A kan abin tunawa kwarzana da sunayen kawai.