Modern ba almarar, abin da shi ne: a daya-kashe ko karanta tsanani adabi?

Lokacin da "yaga" romance da wani m jami'in labaru, chilling labari sufi da dama labarin gundura, lokacin da ya zo wa wallafe-wallafen ba almarar. Abin da irin mai salo wanda shahararsa, bisa ga Madaba'oi data, da kara a kowace shekara? Mene ne ta fasali da kuma ga wanda yana da ban sha'awa? Za mu yi kokarin amsa duk tambayoyin da tashe a cikin wannan labarin.

Salo adabi: abin da yake da shi?

Mafi na kowa rarrabuwa na duk adabi - wani rabo daga gare shi a cikin almarar da kuma sauran - Non-Fiction (Non-Fiction). A ayyukansa, kamar litattafan, short labaru, kwaikwaiyo, labarai, dangana ga adabi, an daure su da almara, haruffa da kuma ƙirƙira labarin. Su poetic da prosaic. Bi da bi, duk da m wallafe-wallafen ayyukan kasu kashi a rukunoni irin su ilimi litattafan da Genre almarar.

Ba kamar almarar, wadanda ba almarar adabi ba ya amfani da almara labaru, mãkirci kuma haruffa, kuma shi ne ya wakilci by:

• litattafan.
• kamus.
• kundayen.
• monographs.
• aikin jarida.
• tarihin rayuwa;
• memoirs da sauran siffofin.

Mene ne wani maras-fiction?

Bari mu dubi cikin definition of ba almarar, abin da shi ne. Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, a cikin wannan wallafe-wallafen ba almara events da kuma facts, kamar yadda shi ne m da aikin jaridar da wallafe-wallafen Genre a cikin abin da marubucin ta cikin Prism ya ado, mai da'a da kuma siffa ji, rubuce da kuma idon basira lissafi na facts ne haruffa da kuma abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da wannan adabi, wato, an art na kalmar, marubucin yayi amfani da compositional kungiyar na rubutu da kuma hotuna na hanyoyi daban-daban na tonawa gabatar a cikin aikin. Saboda haka, wadanda ba almarar - a wallafe-wallafen aikin, an daura wa kankare da real facts na rayuwa.

Lokacin da akwai wadanda ba-fiction?

Mai kafofin na lokaci, da zargin da Kalmar "Non-Fiction" da farko samfurin yiwuwa ga wannan salo shi ne shekara 1965 a lokacin da aka buga a cikin littafin "A Cold Blood," Truman Capote. Kamar yadda a lokacin da sabon lokaci, ba za mu jayayya, amma a nan, kamar yadda aka kira su a yau, travelogues ko tafiya rubutu (kamar Radishchev "Journey daga St. Petersburg zuwa Moscow", "jirgin ruwa mai filafilai" Pallada "," Goncharov ko Gertsenovskie "My Past da tunani") da aka halicce dogon kafin biyu da rabi na XX karni. A nan ne kawai karanta fitar da su, ba mu da ra'ayin cewa wannan shi ne mafi kyau Rasha wadanda ba almarar littattafai!

Ba za mu jayayya da kiran 'yan zamani litattafansu na salo. Da farko, ya kamata mu ambaci Stephen Hawking, daya daga cikin shahararrun zamani msar tambayar kimiyyar lissafi. Ta wurin littattafan a cikin Genre na kimiyya ba almarar mafi yawan Earthlings koya game da baki ramukan da dũkiyõyinsu.

Capote tare da "banda kisan gillar da kisan kai" An dauke da wani classic labari labarin. Tomas Vulf da wani abin sa mamaki biyu da rabi na karni na karshe, littattafai, bincike «The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test» da kuma «A Kandy-Kolored Tanjarin-flake streamline Baby» halitta sabon shugabanci na bincike da kuma gwaji-rubuce.

Nau'in na Non-Fiction

Amsa wannan tambaya na Non-Fiction - abin da shi ne, yana da muhimmanci a tuna da Multi-faceted, kamar yadda shi ne, ba kawai da dama rare kimiyya da kuma tunani littattafai, shi ma ya hada da kuma kwatancin kasashe da birane, bayanin kula, matafiya, aikin jarida da kuma makala. Ayyukan wannan salo suna nishadi magana game da kyawawan hadaddun abubuwa, kamar a cikin Soviet littafin jerin "Eureka" da aka saki fiye da 300 littattafai, m da kuma ban sha'awa gaya na daban-daban sciences da su tarihi. Wasu, kamar, misali, littafin "Glass" N. Katchalov ko "Cure for rashin nishaɗi, ko wani tarihi na ice cream," Bogdanov, za a iya kishin kimiyya nazarin mafi talakawa da kuma saba mana abubuwa.

Located a rarrabawa da aikin jarida da kuma wallafe-wallafen Genre na ba-fiction yana da dama sukayi fassara, amma za mu dubi wanda ake amfani a cikin littafin bugu "kitchen":

• tarihin rayuwa da kuma memoirs.
• shirin tarihin.
• muqala.
• tafiya rubutu (travelogues).
• zargi.
• bincike;
• litattafan.
• Koyawa.
• kamus.
• kundayen.
• fasaha takardun.

Recent trends ne lantarki bugu ba almarar, kyale su da sauri samun ban sha'awa bayani.

Features na Genre

Mun riga shãfe a kan, duk da haka, dan kadan na waje, musamman wadanda ba almarar salo. Mene ne wannan? A takaice lissafa abubuwan da babban fasali:

- babu almara labaru da kuma haruffa;

- da labarin abubuwan da suka faru ke ta sirri ganewarsu na marubucin;

- da amfani da daban-daban m dabaru da kuma ban mamaki.

- gininsa a kan manufa da ayyukan ban mamaki abun da ke ciki "scene da scene."

Wane ne wannan da batun?

A Soviet sau, an bayar da wani yawa na wadanda ba almarar da almarar lakabi, memoirs da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Isar da shi a tuna irin wannan ban mamaki jerin littattafan kamar yadda ZHZL - "Life of ƙwarai Mutane" (wallafa "Sun Guard"), "The tarihin kimiyya da fasaha", "Pages na tarihin mu mahaifarsa," "Library" jimla "(wallafa" Science "). Ga kuma yanzu da wuya don suna da wani babbar Rasha wallafe-wallafe gidan, wadanda ba almarar ba za a buga. Daya daga cikin shugabannin da Rasha kasuwar "gaskiyane" adabi - wallafa "UFO" - wallafa littattafai a cikin Genre na rayuwa tarihi, ra'ayoyi su a cikin jerin "yau da kullum da al'adu", da kuma "Eksmo" fuska jerin "tarihin rayuwa mai girma. M kwana, "" Memoirs - XXI Century "," Mata na Azurfa Age. " Publishing House "AST-Danna" samar da jerin "Kimiyya da zaman lafiya" Koyawa "Harsuna ba tare da Borders", bugu gidan "Kuchkovo filin" wallafa memoirs, da kuma kamfanin "Kolibri" - a jerin "abu a kanta", wani littafi cewa ya gaya game da sauki abubuwa kamar gishiri da sauran. "Ajax-latsa" wallafa jerin Yanã shiryar da "Umurnai na amfani".