Mulkin yanayi

Halittu taxonomy - da kimiyya da hulda da ci gaban da ka'idodinta rarrabuwa na dukan data kasance rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da kuma aikace-aikace na wadannan ka'idoji da gina wani Hadakar tsarin. A rarrabuwa na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ya hada siffarsu da matsayi jeri a cikin jiki tsarin. A cewar daya daga wadannan nau'o'i, duk namun daji ne zuwa kashi mulkoki.

Mulkin yanayi - da hakan taxonomic Categories a cikin kwayoyin duniya tsarin. Da rabo daga cikin data kasance namun daji, a mulkin da aka dauke su da cikakken wajaba a sharuddan juyin halitta. A cewar shi duk kwayoyin kasu kashi biyu superkingdom (pre-nukiliya da kuma makaman nukiliya kwayoyin), wanda sun hada da hudu mulkokin: Monera, shuke-shuke, fungi da kuma dabbobi. Kowane mulki a nuna kasu kashi podtsartva. Ka yi la'akari da manyan Categories a more daki-daki.

Pre-nukiliya da kuma wadanda ba na nukiliya kwayoyin (prokaryotes) - kwayoyin cewa rasa a cell nucleus din ado. A kayyade code ne na tsari zobe da sarkar DNA ba a cikin nucleotide, ba tare da kafa wadannan chromosomes. A jima'i aiwatar a cikin irin kwayoyin ba. Domin prokaryotes masana kimiyya kawo wani iri-iri na kwayoyin cuta, ciki har da blue-kore algae.

A wasu uku mulkokin yanayi ne eukaryotes. A farko daga gare su - da shuke-shuke. A mafi muhimmanci bambanci daga sauran shuka kwayoyin - su ikon ciyar da autotrophic, Ina nufin synthesise wasu kwayoyin abubuwa daga inorganic. Green shuke-shuke gudanar da photosynthesis, ta yin amfani da makamashi daga hasken rana. Ta hanyar photosynthesis, da abun da ke ciki na gas yanayi ne kiyaye. Saboda haka, inji - da babban tushen samar da makamashi da kuma abinci ga duk kwayoyin a wannan duniya tamu.

A makirci na shuka rarrabuwa ne quite hadaddun. Da farko, sun kasu kashi ƙananan kuma mafi girma shuke-shuke. m shuka jiki ba ya kasu kashi tushen, kara da ganye. Don runtse tsire-tsire ne algae, wato blue-kore algae, Chrysophyta, siliceous, yellow-kore, da launin ruwan kasa, ja, euglenophytes, kore da kuma sauran algae. Ba kamar ƙananan tsire-tsire, mafi girma shuke-shuke, a cikin sama da jiki dissected musamman gabobin (ganye, kara, tushen). Wadannan sun hada da yaduwar Moss, fern, angiosperms iri na shuke-shuke, wanda emit a cikin mutum azuzuwan.

Namomin kaza - mai mulkin yanayi da cewa hadawa da siffofin duka biyu da dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke. Namomin kaza, kamar tsire-tsire, immobile. Suna halin gaban apical girma da kuma cell ganuwar. Daga dabbobi zuwa fungi samu heterotrophic irin metabolism, da samuwar urea da sauran fasali. Namomin kaza haifa vegetatively, jima'i da kuma asexually. Su mineralize shuka sharan a cikin ƙasa. Wasu jinsunan iya haifar da cututtuka na shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Mun samu babban adadin kyawon tsayuwa amfani a yau, don samar da maganin rigakafi, bitamin, hormones. Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa da yawa fungi ne edible. A cikin wannan daula yanayi akwai iri uku: gaskiya fungi, oomycetes, kuma slime kyawon tsayuwa.

Wakilai daga cikin dabba mulkin halin da wasu na kowa Properties tare da shuke-shuke, ciki har da, misali, metabolism da kuma salon salula tsarin. Wadannan kamance ne saboda kowa asalin. Duk da haka, babban bayãnin hukuncin alama - da abinci. Animals ne heterotrophs, Ina nufin feed ta shirya gudanar da mahadi, saboda su rashin iyawa haduwa inorganic kayan. Yawancin lokaci, dabbobi rayayye mobile. A cewar m kimomi, akwai a kusa da miliyan biyu da jinsunan dabbobi. Kamar yadda tare da sauran mulkokin yanayi, da dabbobi kasu kashi podtsartva, iri da kuma iri iri. Saboda haka, akwai guda-celled da kwayar dabbobi, raba su da dama iri da kuma iri iri. Don mutanen suna daya daga wadannan iri.