A play na Ivan Kotlyarevskogo "Natalka Poltavka". Halaye na Natalka Poltavka

A farkon rabin karni na sha takwas, Ivan Kotlyarevsky musamman domin da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na birnin Poltava rubuta cikin play "Natalka Poltavka". Wannan aiki shi ne na farko ƙoƙari na marubuta na wannan lokacin domin matsawa zuwa mataki na tarihi na rayuwar talakawa mazauna kauyukan, amma shi ne na farko a cikin abin da za a iya yi realistically.

Ivan Kotlyarevsky - marubucin "Natalka Poltavka"

An haife shi a wani iyali na almara daga Poltava magatakarda Peter Kotlyarevskogo. Da yaron ya girma, ya aka aika zuwa karatu a cikin gida seminary, bayan da ya yi kokarin hannunsa a daban-daban aikin da. A farko, Ivan kuwa shiga wurin mahaifinsa zambiyõyin da kuma aiki domin kusan shekaru hudu da magatakarda a Poltava. Da zarar na fara bada zaman kansa darussa da yara daga iyalan gida nobility.

A shekaru 27 years Kotlyarevsky ya shiga aikin soja, kuma halarci kewaye da Ismail. Samu da Order of St. Anne, ya yi ritaya. Tun 1810, marubucin aiki mai duba a cikin makarantun yara na matalauta manya.

Daga 1816 da ya zama darektan na gida free wasan kwaikwayo ga abin da ya rubuta, "Natalka Poltavka" da "Soja-Sihiri." Daga 1827 zuwa 1835 akwai gida mãsu yin sadaka cibiyoyin a kulawa. Kuma a 1838, marubucin ya mutu, aka binne shi a ƙasarsa ta Poltava.

Duk da ransa Ivan Kotlyarevsky m na Ukrainian tarihi, musamman wannan zamanin na cikin Cossacks, kazalika da wallafe-wallafe. Ko a lokacin aikin soja ya aika wani marubuci ya yi kokarin hannunsa a wakoki. Saboda haka, dangane da "Aeneid" da Roman mawãƙi Virgil rubuta Kotlyarevsky ta parody na al'ada magana da harshen da talakawa mutane. Saboda haka, ya ba kawai halitta a wallafe-wallafen fitacciyar, amma kuma ya fara wani sabon zamanin a cikin tarihi na Ukrainian harshe.

A tarihin na "Natalka Poltavka" play

Zama darektan na Free wasan kwaikwayo na birnin Poltava, Ivan Kotlyarevsky fuskanci matsalar rashin ban sha'awa guda domin productions da saduwa da bukatun da masu sauraro a lokacin. Ana labartawa hanyar rayuwa, hadisai da kuma al'adu na kyauye, kazalika da riga da ciwon nasara wallafe-wallafen da kwarewa ( "Aeneid" Tsarki ya tabbata marubucin dukan ƙasar, da kuma tabbatar da cewa kowa mutane harshe iya, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da wallafe-wallafen), Kotlyarevsky yi kokarin hannunsa a rubuce taka.

Duk da yake a cikin da yawa sinimomi staging taka Aleksandra Shahovskogo "Cossack-mawãƙi", inda suka nuna da rayuwa da kuma hadisai na Ukrainian selyanstva. Abin baƙin ciki, marubucin ya ba su saba da wannan topic, kuma ko da yake aikinsa shekaru hamsin na daga cikin sharhin na da yawa sinimomi, zargi, wayayyu masana na lokaci barnatar da amsa game da labarun almara "Cossack-mawãƙi ne."

Kamar yadda Shahovsky Ivan Kotlyarevsky dauki matsayin tushen da mãkirci na play jigogi daga mutãne songs, musamman "Limerіvni", "suka tafi da dіvka Lion" da sauransu. Amma, sabanin da wanda ya riga, shi ne dogara bayyana rayuwa, da halaye, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - muna da heroes. Saboda haka, a lokacin da a 1819 da play "Natalka Poltavka" an fara aiwatar da wasannin, da masu sauraro yi ĩmãni da mataki a kan mataki, domin ya zama kamar ma cewa abubuwan da suka faru daga cikin play ake dauka kai tsaye daga rai kuma yana faruwa wani wuri kusa da nan, a cikin makwabtaka da gidan.

"Natalka Poltavka" A mãkirci daga cikin play

Marubucin ya yanke shawarar raba a cikin aikinsa a kan wani ɓangare na matsalar da fuskantar da matalauta baƙauye 'yan mata suka ba su da wani isasshen adadin na ƙasar. Don ciyar da kansu, su suna tilasta su yi aure da lissafi, bada har gaskiya soyayya.

A babban harafin daga cikin play ne mai kyau yarinya Natalka. Da zarar mahaifinta ya fairly arziki mutum, kuma ko da a yarda da kansa ya dauki a marãya gidan Bitrus, sai cewa ya taimaka tare da housework. Natalka da Petro ƙaunar juna, koyo game da shi, ubana ya kori Man fita daga gidan, sai ya mutu. Natalka zauna tare da mahaifiyarta Gorpinoy, kuma nan da nan da su sarai lalace. Bayan wani lokaci mai kyau yarinya bai bayar da wani m ango - Voznyi Tetervakovsky. Natalka ya tantama ba na son, duk da haka, rinjayi ta mahaifiyarta, ta tearfully ya yarda da shawara. Nan da nan, na kauye ya koma ta ƙaunataccen Petro. Ganin gaskiya na soyayya da matasa da hadaya waives da hakkin ya mika Natalka kuma ya albarkaci da masoya.

Halaye na Natalka Poltavka

A babban harafin daga cikin play - mai sauki yarinya Natalka, ya Gorpiny Terpilihi.

Ita ce ta rungumi na mata manufa, ba kawai a lokutan Kotlyarevskogo, amma a yanzu. To magana game da abin da yanayi na Natalka Poltavka, ya ruwaito cikin wasu haruffa: "Gold - ba dіvka .. kyau Rozumny, motor i zuwa duk Dila dotepna - yak a neї kyau zuciya tare da sosai, yak Won povazhaє matіr ta, shanuє vsіh dattawa domin ni, trudyascha yak, yak rukodіlnitsya scho th a halin yanzu, na biyu matіr svіtі a riƙe ". "OAO All materі primіrom stavlyat її svoїm 'ya'ya mata."

Hana wani dadi rayuwa bayan rasuwar tsohonsa, ta, duk da haka, ba ya nemi su koma ga ci gaba a kowane farashi. Saboda haka, a lokacin da mahaifiyar woos ta gida "enviable" da kuma m suitors (da kuma magatakarda podkantselyarista), Natalka ki yarda, saboda yana ƙaunarku da Bitrus da fatan for ya dawo. A halin yanzu, ta lover - bara ma'aikacin wanda ba shi da wani ƙasar, ko da wani sauran dukiya, don haka aure shi, Natalka ne mai wuya ga ƙwarai inganta da kudi halin da ake ciki. Duk da wannan, ta musanta wani arziki daga contenders for hannunta, kuma tana nuna ba kawai selflessness amma kuma aminci cikin soyayya.

Akwai da dama kalamai a cikin abin da nuna halaye na Natalka Poltavka a cikin rubutu na play. A mayar da martani ga ci gaba Tetervakovskogo ta kawai ya ce: "Ka єst karin magana" Znaysya Kin na doki da kuma sa vіl s ". Suka sobі, dobrodіyu a gorodі Pannochki ... ". Wannan ne, duk da dukan abin da ya faru da ita, sai ta ba neman su saya da wani sabon matsayi a al'umma, shi ne isa kuma ta rabo, idan kawai masoyi ya kusa, kuma m bai son ta da kyauta ba dole ba ne.

A halin da ake ciki da wahala ta gaskiya cewa Natalka ba a sani ba da rai idan ta fi so kuma a lokacin da ya dawo, amma mu rayu da kuma akwai wani abu da kuke bukata a yanzu, don haka abin da kyakkyawa yana aiki tuƙuru don tallafa wa kansa da kuma mahaifiyarsa. Daga cikin kalmomin da mafi 'yan mata akwai halayyar Natalka Poltavka "Ba Kabbadi I i ne mai sauki, amma Chesney haihuwa, ba stidzhusya juya, i shiti dauke da ruwa." Wannan shi ne, duk da cewa ta girma a wani m iyali a fuskar talauci, shi ne ba na jin kunyar gaskiya aikin aikatãwa wani rai, kuma ba su neman sauki hanyoyi.

Natalka devotedly ƙaunar har abada zhaluyuschuyusya uwa, wanda, sabanin 'yarta, ba haka ba da haquri da ya jimre hasãra. Bugu da ƙari, Gorpina yana kokarin komawa da walwala da iyali. The kawai damar yin wannan - nasarar auri kyau da kuma wayo aurar, sa'an nan uwar bayyana kanta ba tare da mafi kyau hannu. Ta Masani ne cewa, bayin Allah, ya ba da shawara ga ta Natalka ne quite dubious isa yabo da kuma ba su yi amfani a game da kyauyen. Idan ba ka ko da la'akari da cewa Natalka cikin soyayya da wani, za su har yanzu yi ta m 'yar. Amma wannan mace bai daina, ta samun ta da ƙugiya-crook sa ya yarda da tayin na gida arziki Tetervakovskogo.

Duk da haka, da dawowar Bitrus yana yarinya ikon - shi da 'yan tawaye a kan mahaifiyarka, da kuma a kan ƙi amarya da ta faɗa wa soyayya, ko da ta saurayi ya fara oscillate kuma domin ta farin ciki ne a shirye su shika ta kuma bayar da sadaki duk sanã'anta a tsawon shekaru na naƙudarta.

A wannan episode, da hali na protagonist daga cikin play aka canza da cika fuska, kuma ya nuna a baya ba a sani ba halaye - arfi, kuma m ƙarfin hali. Ƙin na alkawarin da ya yi wa aure da yarinya Vozny zai iya fuskantar tsanani wahala, har zuwa kurkuku, amma wannan ba ya dakatar da ita. A rubutu akwai wani halayyar ambato Natalka Poltavka a wannan lokacin - duk da barazanar da ta ce: "By ikon nіhto MENE ba tilasta." Implacability ƙarfi kuma 'yan mata tilasta ta Tir ango yi "nice karimcin" da kuma bari soyayya aure.

Tasiri a kan al'ada Pieces

Bayyanar da play "Natalka Poltavka" ya zama mafi muhimmanci, a cikin tarihin na Ukrainian wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wallafe-wallafe. Bugu da kari ga babban rabo mai girma tare da masu sauraro, da kuma bayan buga - da kuma masu karatu na wannan aiki ya rinjayi mai yawa. Tare da wannan wasa da Ukrainian harshe da kuma jama'a songs sau da yawa fara sauti daga mataki. Har ila yau, mai kyau kwarewa Kotlyarevskogo bauta sauran marubuta da kuma kasida na zamani sigina, wanda zai iya zama quite nasarar rubuta a fili harshen talakawa mutane. Bugu da kari, bayan da "Natalka Poltavka" tsakanin marubuta zama gaye don bayyana hanyar rayuwa selyanstva. Kuma da lyrical taken "Natalka Poltavka", da kuma haske, convex yanayin da haruffa yi wahayi zuwa gare yawa.

Alal misali, wanda ya kafa na Ukrainian mai son wasan kwaikwayo a Coloma, Ivan Ozarkevich, bayan Kotlyarevskogo mutuwa, da aka buga kansa play a Chernivtsi. Ko da yake mataki na aiki da ya faru a Coloma, da kuma babban harafin sunan da aka Annychka, a cikin sauran labarin ya kusan gama copy na "Natalka Poltavka".

A kadan daga baya, sanannen Ukrainian mawaki Mykola Lysenko a kan tushen daga cikin play rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda shi ne yanzu a classic.

Da zuwan film aikin da aka yin fim.

Shekaru masu yawa sun shude tun halittar play "Natalka Poltavka". Kuma yayin da duk lokacin da abubuwa da yawa sun canja, da matsaloli da fuskantar da heroes of wannan aiki har yanzu suna dacewa a yau. Kuma yanzu za ka iya samun kusa, amma m cin hanci-mahara wanda mafarki to aure mai kyau, amma matalauta beauties. Kuma yayin da wadannan 'yan mata maimakon wani aure na saukaka zabi soyayya a cikin al'ummar mu akwai wani bege na nan gaba.