Tolstoy Aleksey: aiki. Jerin kuma a duba ayyukan da Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy

Sunan mahaifi Tolstoy a cikin view aka hankali hade da wallafe-wallafen aikin, kuma shi ne wani daidaituwa. A Rasha litattafan da shayari da uku sanannun marubucin, wanda ya sa shi: Tolstoy, Alexey Alexei Tolstoy. Works rubuta ta da su, ba da alaka, amma mawallafa kansu sõyayya da jini, ko m. Dukan su ne mambobi na babban aristocratic reshe. Tatyana Tolstaya, wani zamani marubuci, ba zato ba tsammani, kuma nasa ne wannan iyali. Ko da yake ya fi shahara wakilin wannan daraja reshe ne, ba shakka, Tolstoy, a yau za mu bayar da ku don samun matsahi na saba da ayyukan Alexei Konstantinovich. The ayyukan Alekseya Nikolaevicha Tolstogo ma cancanci da hankali. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne wani topic for wani gaba ɗaya daban-daban labarin. Saboda haka, misali, halitta takwara mawãƙi ban sha'awa a gare mu kuma marubuci Alexei Tolstoy aiki ga yara, wanda ne Popular kuma m ga wannan rana.

Biography Tolstoy Alexei Konstantinovich

Aleksey Tolstoy Konstantinovich (shekaru na rayuwa - 1817-1875) - mawãƙi, marubuci, marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo. An haife shi a St. Petersburg. Ya sauko daga Razumovsky a kan masu juna biyu gefen (mahaifin kakansa - karshe hetman Little K. Razumovsky, kuma kakansa, AK Razumovsky - Ministan Ilimi a zamanin Alexander I). The mahaifin na gaba marubuci - Earl K. P. Tolstoy, da wanda uwar nan da nan bayan haihuwar yaron m up. Alexey ya kawo up karkashin shiriya na tsohuwarsa, da kuma wanta - A. A. Perovskogo, marubuci, poetic abubuwan karfafa matasa Tolstoy.

A 1834 ya aka hayar da ma'aikatar harkokin waje a birnin Moscow archive. Da zarar wannan ya kasance a cikin diplomasiyya sabis. Tolstoy Aleksey, waɗanda ayyukansu za mu gabatar muku a kasa, samu a 1843 da lakabi na mutum na da ɗakin kwananka.

Fantastic labarin da romantic almarar

A cikin marigayi 1830s - farkon 1840s ya halitta mai dama labarin, jinyar da Gothic labari da kuma romantic litattafan: "Taron na shekara ɗari uku", "Shahawy iyali." Da farko da aka buga aiki - aka rubuta a cikin 1841 labari "The Vampire", halitta a karkashin pseudonym Krasnorogsky. Har ila yau a cikin 1840s, Alexey ya fara aiki a kan wani tarihi labari mai taken "Prince of Azurfa" (kammala a 1861), a lokaci guda a dukan jerin lyrical ballads da waqe-waqe, da aka buga da ɗan baya (a 1850-60 th shekaru). Tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa, da yawa ayyukan Alekseya Tolstogo. Lissafa su a matsayin haka: "Kurgan", "My Karrarawa", "Prince Michael Repnin" da "Basil Shibanov" da sauransu.

Hadin gwiwa a cikin "Littafi"

A farkon 1850s akwai wani rapprochement tare da Tolstoy N. A. Nekrasovym, I. S. Turgenevym da kuma sauran marubuta. An fara daga 1854 a cikin "Littafi" buga da ya wallafa parody kuma shayari. A tare da haɗin gwiwar VM kuma A. M. Zhemchuzhnikovymi (ya uwan) a sashen na mujallar "Literary kek" da aka buga a karkashin pseudonym Kozma Prutkov satirical parody na aiki. Halittar wannan ƙagagge marubucin ya zama wani madubi na moribund adabi mamaki da kuma a lokaci guda ya halitta wani satirical hoto na wani bureaucrat, shi pretends zama da majalisar na m iyawa.

Tolstoy Aleksey, waɗanda ayyukansu a lokacin sun riga yawa, motsi daga hannu a cikin "Littafi", ya fara da za a buga a cikin "Rasha tattaunawar," kuma daga baya, a cikin 1860-70-ies tun 1857 - mafi yawa a cikin "Journal of Turai" kazalika da "Rasha Gazette". A wancan lokaci, ya kare da ka'idodin da ake kira "m art", da cewa shi ne m daga duk wani siyasa ideas, ciki har da "m".

A 1861 Tolstoy Aleksey Konstantinovich, waɗanda ayyukansu aka tattauna a cikin wannan labarin, a karshe suyi ritaya daga sabis, sosai dami shi, da kuma cikakken mayar da hankali a kan wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu.

A 1862 ya wallafa waqa "Don Juan" a cikin wadannan - "Azurfa Prince" (labari). A 1866, hasken ke fita kashi na farko na babban halittun - a tarihi trilogy "Mutuwar Ivan da Munin", bayan shekaru biyu - na biyu - "Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich", da kuma a shekara ta 1870 - da karshe - "Tsar Boris".

lyrical al'adunmu

Da yake amsa tambayoyi game da abin da ayyukan da aka rubuta ta hanyar Alexey Tolstoy, ya kamata a lura, da kuma lyrics. A 1867, ta bayyana da farko tarin wakoki da wannan marubucin. A cikin shekaru goma na rayuwarsa ya rubuta a Ballad (1868 - "Snake Tugarin", 1869 - "The Song of Harald da kuma Yaroslavna", 1870 - "Roman Galitsky", 1871 - "Ilya Muromets" da sauransu.). Fito a matsayin siyasa satire a cikin aya ta ( "Tarihi na Rasha Jihar ...", da aka buga a 1883, "Popov ta Dream." - a cikin 1882, da sauransu), lyric waqe (1874 - "Vertical", 1875 - "Dragon" ).

Janar halaye na kerawa

Creativity Alexei Konstantinovich imbued tare da hadin kai na falsafa ra'ayoyin, da muradi, lyrical motsin zuciyarmu. Yana iya lura da sha'awa cikin batutuwa kamar falsafar tarihi, kasar haihuwa, soyayya yanayi, kin amincewa da Tsarist zaluncin - wadannan siffofin na Tolstoy ta kerawa da aka nuna a da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa na zuwa daban-daban nau'o'i. Manufa tsarin da kasa, da dacewa Rasha kasa hali, Alexey dauke tsoho Novgorod da Kievan Rus. A hanyarsa ta rayuwa na Rasha a lokacin da jũna a gare shi kamar haka: wani babban matakin ci gaban da daban-daban zane-zane, da muhimmancin da al'adu Layer, da aristocracy, sarkin daraja da yanci da mutunci na 'yan kasa, da sauki daga hali, bambancin da fadin dangantakar kasa da kasa, musamman tare da Turai.

ballads

Depicting images of tsoho Rasha ballads imbued tare da lyricism, suka gani a mafarki m na kafa na ruhaniya 'yancin kai, kazalika da sha'awa da jaruntakar mutumin kirki, wanda fentin a jama'a almara shayari Alexei Tolstoy. Works, jerin wanda an kira ku ( "Mockingbird", "Ilya Muromets", "Canute", "Alyosha Popovich" da sauran ballads) suna alama da cewa hotunan na almara heroes, a gare su, abubuwan tarihin da labarai Alal misali marubucin tunani, farin da ya akida (zuwa misali, Vladimir Kiev Prince). Su ne a cikin m nufin suna kusa da wasu sauran lyrical waqe da Alexei Konstantinovich ( "The Edge ku ne ...", "Kohl soyayya, saboda ba tare da hankali", "Ringing na coci karrarawa" da sauransu.).

Tolstoy ballads depicting zamanin da tabbatarwa daga statehood a Rasha, cike da koyaswa ban mamaki farko. Talakawansu ne events ta sarautar Ivana Groznogo, wanda aka saboda haka ya dauki mafi m magana da manufa na sha na mutum da kuma jihar Unlimited autocracy.

Ballad "ban mamaki" a cikin mafi al'adance fiye da "lyrical", wanda ke jẽranta yafi zuwa karshen 1860 - farkon 1870. Duk da haka, wadanda daga Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy lura da cewa ya yi kamar wani asali mawãƙi, iya gyara tsarin da salo.

Alal misali, a daya daga cikin ballads, "Vasily Shibanov" ya revises da classic halin da ake ciki na wani shawarwari tare da sarki daga cikin 'yanci-m jama'a, sun bazuwar ƙarƙashin rinjayar da ayyukan Friedrich Schiller. Ana aikawa da yadda Kurbski tsawata Ivana Groznogo, Tolstoy a mahalarta wannan ban mamaki rikici - tawaye bafadan da sarki - jaddada general: kãfirci, inhumanity, da kuma girman kai. Shirye sha wahala domin gaskiya, da ikon ya yi hadaya da Alexey ne mai sauki mutum, wanda suka yi hadaya da shawarwari na iko. Saboda haka, a baran sarki ya lashe wani halin kirki nasara da kuma mayar da feat rabo na gaskiya girman mutum a kan kirkirarrun. Kamar sauran "ban mamaki" da Ballad of marubucin, "Vasily Shibanov" a kan batun, kuma ta m wuya daga cikin haruffa na images, kazalika da mahaliccin wani da'a tsarin kula da abubuwan tarihin da ke motsi kusa da halittun da manyan nau'o'i cewa rubuta Tolstoy Aleksey. Wadannan ayyuka za mu yanzu la'akari da.

Tolstoy ta labari

Alexey a littafinsa "The Azurfa Prince" siffanta da wata arangamar da a halin da ake ciki na unbridled zaluncin iko mutane da kuma nuna cewa da hali na monarch da ayarinsa arbitrariness yana da wani detrimental sakamako. A wannan aikin, shi ya lura da cewa, ja daga spoiled riga kotu da'irar, wani lokacin ma tilasta su ɓuya daga zaman jama'a da zalunci da zalunci ƙãra mutane na zuwa daban-daban strata al'umma, duk da haka "yin tarihi", kare kasar daga harin da waje makiya, koyi da kuma gano sabon ƙasashe (Ermak Timofeevich, Mitya, Ivan Zobe, Prince Silver, da sauransu.). The style na wannan samfurin yana da nasaba da hadisai da labari da tarihi labari na 1830s, ciki har da wadanda ya fito daga cikin labarin da Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya matsayin "Taras Bulba" da "mummunan fansa".

ban mamaki aiki

A cikin sama da ban mamaki trilogy marubucin wanda aka nuna Rasha rai na marigayi 16th karni - farkon na 17. A cikin wadannan kwaikwaiyo ga shi mafi muhimmanci don magance daban-daban tarihi da kuma falsafa matsaloli fiye da tsananin riko ga tarihin asali. Alexey ya siffanta da bala'i na uku allon, uku tsars Ivan da Munin, kuma damu da ra'ayin cewa ikonsa - allahntaka asalin, irin zuciya mai mulkin Fedor, kuma mai hikima Boris Godunov, "da m baiwa."

Da yawa da hankali Tolstoy Aleksey, waɗanda ayyukansu sau da yawa wanda aka nuna baya epoch, ba su halittar musamman, mutum da kuma m hotuna na tarihi Figures. Babbar nasara shi ne siffar da Sarkin sarakuna Theodore, wanda ya nuna cewa a 1860 da marubuci koya ka'idojin m da labarun almara. A 1898, da Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo da aka bude staging na bala'i na wannan marubucin - "Sarkin Fyodor Ivanovich." Wadannan ne manyan ban mamaki ayyukan Alekseya Tolstogo. Jerin za a iya ci gaba, domin mun jera kawai main.

siyasa satire

Features na tarihi Outlook Alexei Konstantinovich nuna a siyasa satires. Alal misali, domin wannan anecdotal labarin abin da yake a cikin ayyuka na "Dream Popova" boye isgilanci da marubucin na Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi. A cikin ayar, "A kan Yanzu" ko, misali, "Wani lokaci fun a May ..." da sauransu nuna da shawara tare da nihilists. A "Tarihi na Jihar ..." Alexey hõre tausayi izgili tarihi mamaki, ya yi imani da cewa su hana su zama a Rasha.

M lyrics

Ya bambanta da ballads kuma ban mamaki, m lyrics wannan marubucin ya waje elation sautin. M da kuma sauki lyrical aiki Alekseya Konstantinovicha Tolstogo. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu kamar m litattafan a cikin ayar ( "Wancan ne a farkon spring", "Daga cikin m ball, da gangan ...").

Music halitta a kan ayyuka da Alexei Konstantinovich

Alexey gabatar a cikin aikinsu abubuwa na jama'a poetic style, ya waqe ne sau da yawa kusa da song. Saita zuwa music by yawa halittun da cewa halitta Alexei Tolstoy. Works (jerin hada da fiye da 70 waqe) ya zama tushen ga songs, wanda aka rubuta a kan shi kalmomi na P. I. Chaykovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, S. I. Taneev, M. P. Musorgsky da sauransu.