Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi

XX karni na cike da mutane da suka bar wani da gaske kafu daram alama a cikin tarihi na ci gaban al'umma baki daya. Great binciken kimiyya da fasahar ... Wireless mobile Internet kuma Unlimited kira ga wayar sadarwa - a kai tsaye sakamakon irin wannan bincike. Amma a alfijir na karni na ashirin, da girmamawa da aka sanya shi ba kawai a kan fasaha. Muhimmanci shi ne al'adu bangaren na al'umma. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa fitowan na adabi, ba shakka, za a kamar yadda ya saba, gaske samo asali godiya ga talented sunayen sauran a cikin memory daga waɗanda suka sha'awan da litattafan da kuma shayari na farkon XX karni.

Kuma daya daga wadannan mutane da aka Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi, nee Lokhvitskaya, kuma ga mijinta - Buchynska. Ta aka haife May 9 (da kuma a kan sauran data - 27 Afrilu) 1872 a birnin St. Petersburg (inda data ne ma daban-daban, kamar yadda akwai maganganun da ya bayyana a cikin haske a cikin Volyn lardin). Future marubuci, 'yar sanannun a lokacin wani farfesa criminology, kuma a Bugu da kari, kuma da m na mujallar "Shari'a Gazette" AV Lokhvitsky. Har ila yau, Hope - 'yar'uwa quite sanannun poetess Mirra (nee Mary) Lokhvitskaya (shi ne ta a lokacin da aka kira "Rasha Sappho").

Pseudonym "Taffy" An sanya hannu, a sosai farko comic labarai, kazalika da play "Mata batun", wanda ya bayyana a cikin 1907. Amma da waka, wanda da baya a 1901 da kuma fito Lokhvitskaya, Duk da haka, da aka buga a karkashin ta na farko sunan ba.

Asalin sunan barkwanci "Taffy" shi ne har yanzu ba'a gano ta ba. Kamar yadda aka ambata da kanta, shi kai tsaye da ke kawai zuwa gida lakabi da tsohon bawa Lohvitsky - Stepan (iyalinsa kira Steffy), amma kuma da waqe na Rudyard Kipling, kara matsayin «Taffy wani walesman / Taffy ya barawo». Amma da labaru da kuma al'amuran da suka bayyana ga wannan sa hannu, suka wuce yarda rare a pre-neman sauyi Rasha, don haka a lokaci daya wanzu har da turare kuma candies kira "Taffy".

Taffy da aka buga a "Satyricon" mujallar da kuma "New Satyricon" tun da farko batun, da aka buga a watan Afrilu 1908, dama har zuwa haramta na da littafin a watan Agusta na shekarar 1918, don haka kamar yadda marubucin biyu-girma tarin m labaru, da aka buga a 1910, wanda ya sa'an nan bi da dama more collections ( "carousel", "hayaki ba tare da wuta", wanda ya bayyana a cikin shekara ta 1914, kazalika da "m dabba", rubuta a 1916), Taffy daga farkon ya sami wani suna a matsayin mai kyau-natured, witty, da kuma sosai m marubuci. All yi imani da cewa wasu marubuta ke bambanta shi ne mai sha'awar fahimtar ɗan adam kasawan, ta alheri da kuma m tausayi domin su Tir haruffa.

Taffy ya fi so Genre na dada, wanda aka bisa ga bayanin qananan comic scene. Ya biyu-girma littafin, sai ta fara da epigraph na "xa'a" B.Spinozy cewa sosai daidai a da yawa daga ta ayyukan kayyade ta farar: "Gama dariya - akwai farin ciki, sabili da haka ya kadai - da albarka."

Quite wani gajeren lokaci na neman sauyi jin zuciya, wanda ya a 1905 ya sa yana farawa rubutu Taffy hadin gwiwa tare da Bolshevik jaridar "New Life", babu m alama a ta aikin bai bar. Shin, ba a kawo ri, kuma m da sakamakon da ta yunkurin rubuta zamantakewa satires a kan Topical matsaloli, wanda jaridar "Rasha kalmar" sa ran ta Taffy. Akwai an buga shi, tun 1910. A wannan lokacin, kai na jaridar "Sarki m labarbaru" - V. Doroshevich kansa, ba shakka, ko da asali iyawa Taffy gaskiya da zarar ya bayyana cewa, "mafi m in Balarabe doki don gudanar da ruwa."

Tare da sanannen marubucin satirikonovtsem Averchenko a karshen shekarar 1918, Taffy tafi a kan ga wasu lokaci a Kiev, inda ya asali nufin gudanar da jama'a bugawa, sa'an nan, bayan wanda dade daya da rabi shekaru na yawo a kudancin Rasha (ta hanyar Odessa, Novorossiysk da Ekaterinodar) suka kai, a karshe, ta hanyar Konstantinoful kanta dama har zuwa Paris. A cikin littafinsa "Memories" (da aka buga a 1931), wanda ba wata tarihin a mafi gaskiyan ji maganar, ba sai dai kawai wani autobiographical labarin, Taffy ya iya fili da kuma gaba daya sake gina dukan hanya na su tafiyarka, kuma ya rubuta cewa ta taba ba har bege ga wani speedy koma zuwa wani zafi a ƙasarsa ta Moscow.

Duka a litattafan da a wasan kwaikwayo a Taffy bayan ta aura markedly inganta wasu bakin ciki, ko da dan kadan ban tausayi motifs. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda bege ga ƙasar haihuwarmu - daya daga cikin karfi na tunanin matsalolin da yawa baƙi. Kuma ba kawai su. Me kuke yi a lokacin da wani dogon lokaci ba kira ga abokai da dangi, ba ka san abin da ya faru da su? Haka ne, ya zama kau da ko tawayar, ba za ka samu wani wuri don kansa.

Sautin Taffy labarai ƙara hadawa da wasu wuya da kuma nan da nan conciliatory rubutu. Kamar yadda mafi yawan marubuci, shi ne mai wuya lokaci, abin da yake faruwa, ta hanyar da ƙarni, ko da yake ba a kowace hanya kasance iya ba musanyãwa ga madawwami dokar, wanda a lokuta ya yiwuwa a rarrabe wucewa farin ciki na baƙin ciki, da wani dogon lokaci don yin sananne.

A nan gaba, dukan yakin duniya na biyu da kuma m zama na Taffy tsira ba tare da taba barin Paris. Duk da haka, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ta har yanzu amince da magana da karanta nasu ayyukan ƙwarai a cikin disparate haure masu sauraro, wanda ya zama taba kasa a kowace shekara. To, a cikin post-yaki shekaru Taffy ya quite aiki tarihin almara na asali Sahaban - daga Aleksandra Kuprina da Konstantin Balmont zuwa Grigoriya Rasputina.

Rayuwa Taffy tafi Paris a kan Oktoba 6, 1952, ya bar baya da wani babban jam al'ada fure na dogon lokaci, har a karshe, ba cikakken saka a cikin kambi na gaskiya talanti wallafe-wallafe.