Nature Arewacin Amirka. Musamman yanayin North America

North America, inda da labarin kasa da aka ƙware kawai a cikin 17th karni, har ma sai su gaba daya, shi ne mai babbar nahiyar. Bude shi ya Turawa a 10th karni. A tsawon North America ne don haka mai girma cewa yanayi ne daban-daban, ba kawai a kudu da arewa, amma kuma a yammacin da kuma gabacin nahiyar.

janar binciken

Map Amurka ta Arewa (jiki) ya nuna cewa a cikin nisa arewa na nan, kamar yadda a kan Eurasian nahiyar, dake Arctic jeji - da daula na kankara da dusar ƙanƙara. A wannan ƙasa, kome tsiro fãce mosses da lichens. Daga Alaska, arewacin Labrador kuma Hudson Bay fara tundra zone. Shi ne riga yiwu ka sadu da Dwarf itatuwa, shrubs da low ciyawa. Tundra gudana a cikin coniferous gandun daji. A general, North American gandun daji rufe wata uku na nahiyar. Taiga da fari da kuma baki spruces, pines da firs maye gurbin balsamic gauraye da deciduous gandun daji, inda akwai Linden, maples, itatuwan oak, chestnuts. Sa'an nan gandun daji thins fita, da kuma motsa su da kudu a cikin gandun daji, da kuma bayan - a cikin steppe. Wadannan yankunan Arewacin Amirka ake kira prairies. A cikin babban yankin akwai real hamada, amma suka karya yanka ta hanyar da duwãtsu.

yanayin siffofin

Yanayin North America a matsayin bambancin matsayin nahiyar ne a duk yanayin zones, fãce da Equatorial. A cikin hunturu yanayin da aka muhimmanci shafi hasken rana radiation, da kuma a lokacin rani - daga rinjayar da tekuna. A arewa na babban yankin a watan Janairu frosts isa -20 ... -25 digiri, yayin da a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na Greenland na iya zama har zuwa -55 digiri. A Alaska, da kuma mafi yawan Hudson Bay colder hunturu zuwa -15 ... -20, da kuma cikin iska a lokacin rani ne warmed zuwa +5 ... + 10. A yankunan da temperate canjin yanayin da (arewa na bakin Columbia) hunturu zafin jiki ne -10 ... -5 darajõji, kuma ba fiye da +20 a lokacin rani. A ƙasa daga Florida zuwa California, nasa ne da subtropical bel. A Mississippi Valley bazara talakawan Warming zuwa +25 ... + 30, da kuma hunturu frosts iya isa 15 digiri.

Arctic

Nuna taswirar North America (jiki), shi ne arewacin ɓangare na nahiyar ba monotonous. Dangane da ƙasa da kuma yanayi na canji. Akwai wani abin da ba a rufe da kankara, tare da cikakken ruwa. Launi tundra wani lokacin ma fiye da hasken Rasha kaka gandun daji. Ice teku ba mai ban mamaki kewayon launuka da m miƙa mulki daga fari zuwa baki. Ice ne sau da yawa a canza launin da kuma greenish blue launukansa. Yana gida iyakacin duniya take ɗauke da walruses, da tsuntsaye da kuma ba sosai, kuma kõ dã yawan na kwari amfani ga su abinci.

Fiye da rabin na Amurka Arctic sushi ne Greenland, wanda shi ne 85% rufe kankara sheet. Duk da haka, ta bakinta ba sanyi haka kamar yadda alama ga mutane da yawa. A lokacin rani, mutane a nan ko da iyo a cikin lake. Greenland ta Flora ne sosai bambancin da kuma yana da dama da ɗari jinsuna daban na shuke-shuke, daga cikinsu akwai ko da wani Birch. Amma, ba shakka, yafi ƙasã rufe da ciyayi halayyar da tundra. Ga shi an samu mafi karami duniya a cikin itacen - a Dwarf Willow, ya kai wani tsawo na ba fiye da 5 santimita. A yammacin kasar na Greenland na da mafi tsanani yanayi. Akwai kankara da kuma m ƙasar indented da fjords da bays.

boreal gandun daji

Yanayin North America ne mai arziki a cikin gandun daji. Don kudu da tundra girma osinovidnye poplar da fir, kudu maso yammacin - spruce kuma Pine gandun daji, wanda ba hanya zuwa kudu na mika mulki zone da coniferous da deciduous ciyayi. Canada arewacin gefen rinjayar da shiru kyakkyawa a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma a lokacin rani, lokacin da wani spruce gandun daji na haskakawa da haske launuka, shi ne musamman kyau. Yukon da kuma British Columbia aka rufe da wani teku na itatuwa. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi na North America a wannan sashi buga wani iri-iri iri. Na fauna nan akwai fari-tailed barewa, daji bison, coyotes, beavers, muz, m kuma ja Lynx, Woodland caribou, zomaye da hares, wolverines.

A miƙa mulki zone conifers fara sauyawa tare da deciduous: itacen oak, elderberry, alder, Maple. Mixed gandun daji da mikewa daga British Columbia zuwa cikin yankin Great Lakes da Yammacin - to New England. Mountains of Southern California da kuma kewaye da fadamun rufe kore gandun daji. A jihar bakin teku sashi ne mai yawa m shuke-shuke - a dabĩno da wannan bishiya shigo daga kasar Australia. A Kentucky, Alabama da kuma Tennessee Growing a real m-Leaved gandun daji. Ta hanyar wadannan jihohi, da kuma Georgia, ya tafi gabas, kudu da Virginia. Akwai itatuwan oak, Hazel, Elm, Birch, hornbeam, Magnolia, alder, Willow, Maple, poplar, chestnut, ash, itacen ƙirya.

Temperate gandun daji rabu da tsiri na daji parklands. Sun gudu ta hanyar Gabas Texas, kewaya cikin Great sararan kasa da kuma rufe filayen Illinois, sa'an nan kewaye da Rocky Mountains, da kuma sake bayyana a kudancin British Columbia. Wannan irin ƙasa halin da ciyawa da kuma bayyana daga gare su guda itatuwa: Juniper, Pine, itacen oak, Maple, spruce.

daji

Don haka ya kira m sarari, mamaye dukan tsakiyar ɓangare na nahiyar. Yanayin North America ya canja da cika fuska saboda mutum tasiri, da kuma daji a asalin siffan yanzu samu ne kawai a kananan faci. Sauran ƙasar da aka nome, anã shayar artificially ketare ikon Lines da hanya cibiyar sadarwa. Tare da koguna a ambaliyar filayen miƙa gona. Mutane da yawa shuke-shuke da dabbobi na North America, baya ci karo da nan, yanzu ya bace ko cin zarafi ba rage.

A cikin daji a cikin hunturu da shi ne sanyi isasshen: dusar ƙanƙara da dama, da haukan hadirin. Tare da isowa daga spring iya zama mai tsanani ambaliyar ruwa. A nan ne lokaci mafi kyau - watan farko na bazara, lokacin da duk abin da yake m da kuma blooms. A watan Agusta, ya zo da fari, gobara sau da yawa faruwa. Duk da haka, sasanninta na daji, kiyaye su cif, Amirkawa suka yi ĩmãni gefen yarda da juna, kyakkyawa. Yawon bude ido son wannan wuri kamar yadda teku da gandun daji Parks.

duwãtsu

Daga Alaska zuwa Mexico, shi lullube sarkar na Cordillera, da kuma tsakanin su ridges karya tuddanta, kuma plateaus. Rocky duwãtsu rufe da ban mamaki ciyayi da kuma harbor yawa, mãmãkin kam blue tabkuna. A snow a arewacin gangara kuma a cikin kwano-dimbin yawa kwarin ba zai iya narkar da duk lokacin rani. Mountains of Arizona, Utah da kuma Colorado kewaye da high plateaus. Wannan dukan yanki na da sauyin yanayi, da yanayi da kuma yanki tsarin, m Fauna da Flora. A yawa na ma'aunan kasa strata cuts ta hanyar daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi na North America - Grand Canyon, da zurfin da ya kai mita 1800, kuma tsawon - 340 kilomita. Mutane daga ko'ina a duniya zo nan don ganin da idanuwan gaban abada da kuma girman yanayi.

m Coast

A arewa maso gabashin babban yankin, tsibirin Nantucket zuwa Florida kuma a kusa da Gulf of Mexico bakin teku tsiri lullube da kuri'a na rairayi. A wasu wurare a kan dunes tare da Pine itatuwa, groundsel, daji ya tashi. Ga shi an samu da yawa daga tsuntsaye: mockingbirds, blackbirds, blue herons, woodpecker, fadama lycidae trupialy, oatmeal, cormorants, gulls, ducks. Birds ciyar a kan marine rai: kifi, crabs, kofaton crabs, da sauransu.

a ƙarshe

Yanayin North America na dogon lokaci shi ne ba iri daya ba kamar yadda ya kasance kafin. Bayan plowing da prairies, gandun daji sare, to gina birnin, mutane sun karya ma'auni na halitta. Man kashe fasinja tattabara, da kuma halakar da wani garke bauna, da kuma dabbobin da ake bar, da daidaita da wa sabon yanayi. Za ka iya ganin yadda birnin tituna opossums kife datti gwangwani a search na abinci, rekun kusa gidajen cin abinci yana rokon scraps, kuma tare hanyoyi kuje daji barewa, gaba daya rãyu ga careening motoci. A New York, da skyscrapers na nesting owls da kuma Falcons, da wuraren shakatawa da kuma gidãjen Aljanna sun riƙi tushen iri-iri tsuntsaye. Ga wani ta, fauna anthropogenic wuri mai faɗi!