Nienschanz. Yaren mutanen Sweden sansanin soja da kuma birnin Nienschanz Nien (Nyen)

Aiwatar da matasa Bitrus I da tsare-tsaren ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da wani babban bude tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda zai ba da damar Rasha zuwa da wani teku links tare da kasashen Turai. "Tarihi" littafi (Grade 5) ya gaya labarin na ci Ingria, kuma a cikin wannan labarin ne da wasu abubuwa game da kama na Swedish fortifications, tsaye a kan bankunan na Neva da Okhta. A halin yanzu, da Sweden, da sunan sauti kamar Fort Nyuenkas, amma a Rasha historiography Fort da aka sani da sunan Nienschanz sansanin soja.

Fage na sansanin soja

Tun da farkon na XIV karni da kuma ga kusan shekara ɗari uku na Swedish Mulki tasowa da Baltic ƙasashen da aka hakura da wani to shi karkashin sharuddan Orekhov duniya. Neva da Ladoga ƙasashe ba kunshe a cikin kewayon moriyar jihar. An kawai a farkon karni XVII, an yanke shawarar mayar da rasa asashe. Don fara da Gwamnatin Sweden kuma an zabe su a siyasa warware matsalar. Daya daga cikin 'ya'yan Charles IX samu damar daukar Rasha kursiyin. Amma wannan da aka hana ta protracted yaki tare da Denmark, wanda ya ƙare a 1613 By wannan lokaci, da damar zama Sarkin Rasha da aka rasa - hau gadon sarautar matasa Mikhail Romanov. Amma Sweden ta da tsare-tsaren karfafa bankunan na Neva aka ba a manta, da Yakubu de Lagarde a-manyan sojojin da Sweden, ya miƙa kambi gina wani sansanin soja don kare riga nasara yankuna.

A yi na sansanin soja

A ra'ayin da aka amince da Cif sarki da goyan bayan da Swedish majalisar - Riksdag. A 1611, Fort aka gina, wanda daga baya ya zama sananne a matsayin Nienschanz, wanda fassara a cikin Rasha a matsayin "} arfafa Neva."

Hakika, wani muhimmin arziki, wanda ya dauki Nienschanz sansanin soja, ya quite bayyana a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden gwamnati. All XVII karni da aka sadaukar domin a karfafa da kuma zamanintar da aminci zane na ginin. A 1675 Fort hira shirin da aka amince da Swedish sarki da suka bullo. Kowane manomi Karelia da Ingermanland aka zamar masa dole ya yi aiki a wata, da haɓaka Nienschanz.

By farkon na XVIII karni ya kasance da tabbatarwa daga cikin wani nau'i na Pentagon, da kuma ya kasance a kan wucin gadi girma shaft tsawo har zuwa 19 m. Biyu Ravelin, biyar gagarumin kuma na zamani kida sanya Fort babbar tsaron yi.

aukuwa Nien

Neva - cinikayya hanya, da aka sani da Vikings, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba cewa akwai a kusa da sansanin soja da kuma zama cikin gaggawa girma birane Nien.

Wannan birni, da ayyukan a Sweden, an ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin babban birnin kasar duk da gabacin ƙasa - Ingermanland. A birnin gashi na makamai wanda aka nuna wani zaki da takobi a tsaye tsakanin biyu koguna, anta zuwa soja gaban da Swedes a cikin bãkunansu na Neva da Okhta.

M wuri janyo hankalin zuwa wannan yanki yan sana'a da kuma yan kasuwa daga ko'ina Turai. Ga rayu compactly Finns, Jamus, Rasha, Izhors, Dutch. Akwai Protestant majami'u, a Lutheran coci, da kuma bar banki na Neva River ado Orthodox coci. Tsakanin gaba na zagawa da jirgin fito. Business kuma masu zaman kansu rubutu da aka gudanar a Jamus da kuma Yaren mutanen Sweden.

Bugu da kari ga kiri da shaguna da kuma warehouses a Nien suka gina wani asibiti, wata tubali factory, a masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa, a greenhouse kuma ko da wani asibitin wani. Tsakanin bangarorin biyu, wanda aka gina da birnin, jirgin fito tafi.

The flourishing harkokin ciniki da gasa, a tsakanin sauran Baltic birane ya kai ga cewa a 1632 da 'yan asalin kira ga Yaren mutanen Sweden sarki tare da wata takarda don yi musu fatauci gata, wanda daga bisani aka sanya musu.

A tashar jiragen ruwa ya zama free yankin da kuma haraji-kebe. A karuwa a cinikin da zaɓin ya jagoranci wani Tarurrukan na cinikayya da ci gaba na al'ummar jihar.

Swedes Fort ne kawai da farko alamar wani cibiyar sadarwa na iko kufaifan, wanda aka yi nufi ga karfafa ƙasar Ingermanlandii. Amma da farkon na Arewa War hana aiwatar da wadannan tsare-tsaren.

shan Nyenschantz

A tarihin na 17th karni a Rasha ya fara da sanarwa na arewacin yaki. Peter Na Masani game da muhimmancin birnin da kuma Nien unguwa tare da shi, don ƙarfafa. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin na farko soja mataki na sarki yana shan Nyenschantz.

A karkashin janar felmarshala Sheremetev Rasha sojojin a Shlisserburge, da kuma Afrilu 23, 1703 sanya birnin da kuma motsi tare dama banki na Neva River, da ya zo da wuri inda sansanin soja da aka Nienschanz. A detachment na dubu biyu maza da aka aika zuwa Scout, jiragen ketare Lake Ladoga kuma matso kusa da sansanin soja na Swedes. Kwatsam hari murƙushe sojojin da Sweden outposts kamar yadda karfafa tsaro ya ba da aka shirya da kuma 'yan. Afrilu 25 zo zuwa ga sansanin soja na da girma daga cikin sojojin. Sashe na daga cikin sojojin ketare Okhta da kuma wani ɓangare located a baya karkashin Cover of matsanancin shaft. Kewaye da sansanin soja, besiegers fara tono ramuka don shigarwa na manyan bindigogi batura. Dare da ruwa daga Shlisserburga aka kawo rokoki, cannons da harsasai zuwa gare su.

a kan Afrilu 26 su shiga a cikin kama da sansanin soja na da sarki ya zo Bitrus da ayarinsa. By Afrilu 30, duk Siege ayyuka da aka kashe, da kuma Kwamandan sansanin soja da aka aiko domin su miƙa wa sallama. A 7 na yamma, a Nyenschantz kare bude wuta. A Swedes aka harbe da kuma Karfe biyar da safe, sa'an nan yarda da tayin da sallama.

sallama daga cikin sansanin soja

The kama da sansanin soja da aka gyarawa da kwangila na sallama. A karkashin sharuddan da na karshe kare duk an bayar da wata hanyar fita daga cikin castle a Vyborg da Narva da Banners kuma makamai. Sa'ad da lokaci ya yi da sansanin soja da aka sake masa suna Shlotburg.

A Soja Council da ya faru jim kadan bayan da bunqasar na Rasha sojojin a kan bankunan na Neva, ya yanke shawarar da rabo daga Shlotburga. A garin ya ma kananan da kuma m. Open gina wani sabon sansanin soja da aka yanke shawarar a kan Hare Island.

Bitrus da kaina kallo Nienschanz sansanin soja da aka kone a kasa. Gine-gine, kawar da, karya, a cikin ƙaho, erasing ƙwaƙwalwar na Swedish tsanani ga tabbatarwa. City Nien ma sha wahala a lokacin da kewaye, amma wasu gidaje da tubali shuka kasance m da aka daga baya amfani a cikin shiri na farko gine-gine na St. Petersburg. A shafin na wani tsohon sansanin soja na sarki umurce su da su sa hudu tallest mast itace.

Nienschanz bayan shan

Sahaban Arewa War da'awar cewa a cikin shekaru 15, a matsayin Fort Nienschanz da za a manta, amma data mappers nuna cewa ragowar wannan tsaron gida tsarin wanzu kafin 10-ies na 19th karni. A 1748 a shafin na kronverka Nyenschantz baiwa Rastrelli kafa harsashin ginin da Smolny Cathedral. Inland sansanin soja guda goma daga baya dauki masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa Petrovsky ma'aikata.

Museum Nienschanz

A farkon 90 ta. XX karni Petersburg archeologists excavated a kan Okhta River a yankin na bakin kogin. The tattara sakamakon binciken yarda ka bude wani gidan kayan gargajiya, cikakken sunan wanda sauti kamar "700 Years of Landskrona, da Neva estuary, Nyenskans". A gidan kayan gargajiya na iya gabatar planograms da shimfidu tsanani ga tabbatarwa. Kazalika gano cewa adana tarihi. Grade 5 makarantun sakandare muhimmanci ƙara da matakin na ilimi, yin matsahi na saba da muhimmanci da farfado da gidan kayan gargajiya.