Open-hearth karfe samar da nemartenovskoe

Man tabbatar da bukatun su ta amfani da wani iri-iri na kayan. Kuma daya daga cikinsu, ba shakka, ya kasance a cikin karafa. Domin a yanzu kusan ba zai yiwu a sami irin wannan yanki na mutum aiki a abin da suka kasance mãsu fakowa ba. Kuma karafa ya kasu kashi da dama babban kungiyoyin: launin, lafiya da kuma baki.

ferrous kungiyar ciki har da chromium, manganese, kuma ba shakka, tare da da yawa baƙin ƙarfe gami. Kuma cewa baƙin ƙarfe gami su ne tushen da fasaha ta zamani. Kuma ko da yake shi ne yanzu akwai sabon yumbu da kuma polymeric kayan, za su ba da daɗewa ba su iya maye gurbin kyau da haihuwa karfe da kuma jefa baƙin ƙarfe.

Kira karfe gami da na baƙin ƙarfe tare da carbon da carbon abun ciki a cikin gami kada wuce 2.14%. Idan da abun ciki shi ne ya fi wannan adadi, wannan gami yana da wani Cast baƙin ƙarfe. Tattalin daga Cast baƙin ƙarfe ko karfe daga ya da a steelmaking Tanderu a daban-daban metallurgy. Kuma daya daga cikin tsofaffin kuma riga m matakai ne samar da karfe a bude-hearth Tanderu. Its manufa kunshi a gaskiyar cewa baƙin ƙarfe da ya da karfe aka sarrafa a cikin wani reverberatory gagarumar wuta. Don narke m cajin kayan da zafi da karfe don a so yawan zafin jiki, da kuma rama babba thermal hasarori, ƙarin kadan ake bukata. An samar da kona man fetur a wani rafi sosai zafi iska.

Don konewa tsari ba iyaka sakamako da kuma karfe samarwa yana amfani da ƙasa da makamashi, shi ne cewa wajibi ne wannan man fetur da aka ƙone shi ne a cikin aiki sarari. A saboda wannan dalili iska an ciyar cikin ɓuyar a fi girma fiye da zama dole adadin. Wannan daidai da na halitta ta oxygen ragi yanayi. Har ila yau a cikin wannan yanayi ya ƙunshi oxygen wadda aka kafa da bazuwar na ruwa da carbon dioxide a high yanayin zafi. Saboda haka, a cikin wutar, an kafa ragi oxygen, wanda ya inganta hadawan abu da iskar shaka na baƙin ƙarfe da sauran abubuwa na cajin. A sakamakon wannan hadawan abu da iskar shaka samar da wani yawa na oxides na daban-daban karafa. Su, tare da impurities da barbashi collapsing shafi form slag. Wannan slag ne m fiye da karfe, kuma ya rufe da shi, a lokacin dab. Saboda haka, samar da karfe bude-hearth Hanyar ne a hankali maye gurbinsu da sababbin hanyoyin fasaha.

Wannan shi ne musamman gaskiya ne ga waɗanda iri steels, wanda dauke da dama aka gyara. Su kashi na bukatar kula sosai m. Wadannan steels kuma ya shafi duk sanannun bakin karfe. Kuma bakin karfe samar - wannan shi ne quite mai wuya aiki hukunci wanda shi ne bude-hearth Hanyar ne da wuya sosai. Lokacin da wannan carbon a cikin bakin karfe ƙunshi sosai kadan, kuma wannan kara dagula matsalar. Kuma ga smelting na bakin karfe da kuma sauran irin wannan brands sau da yawa amfani da wutar lantarki baka Tanderu. Sun iya daban-daban iko da iya aiki. A tushen zafi a cikin irin tanda ne wani lantarki baka. Yana faruwa a tsakanin wayoyin da cajin ko da narkakkar azurfa, bayan na yanzu ake kawota zuwa gare su da zama dole ƙarfi.

Wannan baka ne wani rafi da electrons, karfe vapors da ionized gas slag. Its zazzabi ya wuce maki 3,000 digiri. Yana iya faruwa a matsayin ta DC aikace-aikace da kuma AC. Amma a cikin wutar lantarki baka makera an yi amfani ne kawai ga alternating halin yanzu. Da farko, yayin da karfe da aka ba da warmed a cikin tanderu, da baka a cikinsu da canza polarity na wayoyin da aka shãfe haskensu. Amma to, a lõkacin da cajin da aka gaba daya narkar da kuma wanka da aka rufe tare da uniform Layer na slag, da baka aka stabilized da kuma fara ƙona ko'ina. Bugu da ari, da samar da karfe a matoya fitowa ba tare da rikitarwa.

Domin narkewa da karafa da kuma amfani da shigar da Tanderu. Ka'idar aiki ne kamar haka: alternating Magnetic filin murna da karfe a cikin wutar lantarki halin yanzu, zafi da aka saki, wadda ake amfani da dab da karfe. A tushen Magnetic filin a cikin irin wannan gagarumar wuta ne wani inductor. Poizvodstvo karfe a wani shigar da gagarumar wuta yana da abũbuwan amfãni idan aka kwatanta da lantarki gagarumar wuta. Da fari dai, yana yiwuwa more daidai daidaita da narkewa zafin jiki da kuma shi ya ba da mafi girma yadda ya dace. Kuma abu na biyu, babu wutar lantarki, arcs da wayoyin a cikin irin wannan gagarumar wuta damar samun shi a low carbon karfe. Narkewa a cikin wani shigar da gagarumar wuta ba takzhne da low kuna alloying abubuwa, wanda yana da muhimmanci a cikin smelting hadaddun gami karfe.