Pre-makaranta pedagogy kuma da rawar a hali ci gaba

Idan muka magana game da pedagogy a lokaci daya ko ta yaya tunanin wani m malamar makaranta da tabarau da kuma akan a hannu ko launin toka-masu gashi malamin jami'a, watsa game da wisdoms ilimi. Amma pedagogy - shi ne ba wai kawai wata makaranta da ilimi da kuma karatun jami'a. Yau za mu yi magana game da pre-makaranta pedagogy.

Pre-makaranta pedagogy - wani reshe na pedagogical kimiyya, wanda ke karanta tarbiyyar da kuma ilimi na makarantan nasare yara. Wannan shi ne, shi ne kafuwar, kafuwar nan gaba da mutum. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa to makarantan nasare pedagoam bukatun sosai, sosai high.

Kuma na fara da nunawa pre-makaranta pedagogy matsayin kimiyya a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da sanannun masana kimiyyar malama, daya daga cikin "ubanninsu" na pedagogy, Yana Amosa Comenius. Ya farko kusantar da hankali ga gaskiyar cewa yara bukatar kamar yadda muka so a ce, "tafiyar da" daga haihuwa, cewa kawai wani m m a cikin tarbiyyar da kuma ilimi yana ba mai kyau sakamakon. Duk da zargin a kan wannan al'amari da kuma asali arziki na makarantan nasare pedagogy, ta aiki da kuma rawa a cikin samuwar mutum ya bayyana a cikin littafin "iyaye School", wanda bai rasa ta munasaba a yau.

Ayyuka na makarantan nasare pedagogy wajen obschirny. Da fari dai, wannan nazari da kuma ingantaccen kyautata na ilimi tsari ga matasa da yara. Na biyu, makarantan nasare pedagogy tsunduma a cikin ci gaban da sabon siffofin da kuma hanyoyin da ilimi, da kuma ilimi, wanda ya shafi bincike ayyuka, gudanar da m da kuma ilimi gwaji da kuma gwaje-gwajen. Amma babban aiki na duk takii ne yin aiki kai tsaye tare da yaro, da samuwar ya views, imani, fahimi damar iya yin komai, damar iya yin komai don bayyana kansa, kafa harsashin ginin kara ilmi da kuma horo.

Tun da farko view shi ne cewa yaro ya kamata a ba wajen samar da samostotelno, tare da Lines a cikinsa zai kasance mai kyau, "ba su tsoma baki da yanayi", da kuma riga makaranta malamai duk za su gyara. Wannan rasli yara zũciyõyinsu, ba ga mafi part. Tare da ci gaban mutum da tunani, saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin tunani da kuma pedagogy, amfani ya karu a sau da cewa yanzu za mu iya magana game da matakai na samuwar da mutum, ya fara daga haihuwa, makarantan nasare pedagogy ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwar wata al'umma cheloecheskogo. Yana cikin sauri ci gaba a cikin marigayi 19th - 20th ƙarni. Musamman tasiri a kan ta ci gaba da Zh.Zh.Russo, wanda ci gaba m a lokacin da ra'ayin na halitta da ilimi, aiki da ilimi; Pestalozzi, wanda prevozglashal da manufa na kai-raya, F.V.Frebel, wanda ya zama sharhi na farkon yara kula da kwazo ɗaukar hoto na wannan batu muhimmi masakin kimiyya takardunku. Yana Froebel bude na farko a 1840, pre-makaranta, wadda ta haifa da sunan Kindergarten (a zahiri tare da Nemec - kindergarten), inda kafuwar ilimi dauke tallan kayan kawa, rawar-Playing da kuma bunkasa wasanni.

Makarantan nasare pedagogy ɓullo da ba kawai godiya ga Western manyan malaman. A babbar gudunmawar da ta ci gaba da aka yi da Russia. Alal misali, Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky, da ake kira "malamin malamai", ya ɓullo da wani malamin horo tsarin, wanda aka supplemented da 'yan har yanzu a amfani a yau. Ushinsky bayar da shawarar da a cikakke kuma jitu ci gaban hali, domin gazawar prioritize ci gaban da wasu halaye fiye da wasu, domin ilimin kyawawan dabi'u.

Da yake jawabi na makarantan nasare pedagogy, ba shi yiwuwa ba a ma maganar Adelaide Semyonovna Simonovic. Ta kasance ba kawai wani sharhi na makarantan nasare ilimi (rubuta littafi "Practical rubutu game da mutum da na al'umma da ilimi na matasa da yara" su ci gaba da buga a matsayin "kindergarten"), amma kuma da yi - yi aiki a kindergartens a Tiflis da Petersburg. Bugu da ƙari, ta ya bude wani biya kindergarten a St. Petersburg, inda yi ya tabbatar da ra'ayoyinsa game da muhimmancin da hadin kai na jiki da kuma ruhaniya.

Kamar yadda ka gani, makarantan nasare pedagogy ya quite dogon hanyar da a yau shi ne aiwatar da ta aiki ci gaba.