Protein quaternary tsarin: tsarin fasali da kuma aiki

A bafalsafe da zarar ya ce, "Rayuwa - shi ne wani nau'i na zama na furotin a jikinsu." Kuma ya kasance cikakken dama, saboda shi ne kwayoyin halitta shi ne tushen mafi kwayoyin. Protein quaternary tsari ne mafi hadaddun tsarin da musamman Properties. Ya za a keɓe wa mu labarin. Har ila yau, la'akari da tsarin da sunadarai na gina jiki.

abin da organics

A babban rukuni na kwayoyin abubuwa suna da ha ta daya na kowa dukiya. Sun kunshi dama sinadaran abubuwa. Suna da ake kira organogenic. Shin hydrogen, oxygen, carbon da nitrogen. Wancan ne, sai suka samar da kwayoyin abubuwa.

Wani na kowa halayyar ne cewa su ne duk biopolymers. Wadannan su ne manyan macromolecules. Sun kunshi wani babban yawan maimaita raka'a kira monomers. Domin carbohydrate ne monosaccharide, domin sia - glycerol kuma m acid. Amma DNA da RNA ya kunshi nucleotides.

Chemical tsarin sunadarai

Monomers sunadaran - ne amino acid, wanda kowannensu yana da sinadaran tsarin. Dalili na wannan monomer ne carbon zarra, shi Forms hudu shaidu. A farko daga cikin wadannan - to a hydrogen zarra. A na biyu da kuma na uku, bi da bi, kafa tare da amino da karboksogruppoy. Su ƙayyade ba kawai da tsarin biopolymer kwayoyin, amma kuma dũkiyõyinsu. A karshe kungiyar a cikin kwayoyin amino acid kira m. Wannan shi ne rukuni na kwayoyin halitta, domin wanda duk monomers ne daban-daban tare da juna, wanda ya haddasa wata babbar iri-iri da sunadarai da kuma halittu masu rai.

A tsarin da sunadarin

Daya halayyar wadannan kwayoyin mahadi ne cewa ba za su iya zama a bangarori daban-daban na kungiyar. Yana da wani primary, secondary, manyan da quaternary tsarin da gina jiki. Kowane daga cikinsu yana da wasu kaddarorin da kuma halaye.

Primary tsarin

Wannan gina jiki tsari ne mai sauqi qwarai a cikin tsarin. Shi ne sarkar amino acid, wanda suna da alaka da peptide bond. Suna kafa tsakanin amino da karboksogruppami makwabtaka da kwayoyin.

secondary tsarin

Lokacin da amino acid sarkar da aka juya zuwa cikin wani Helix, kafa wani sakandare tsarin da gina jiki. Sadarwa a kwayoyin kira hydrogen, kuma ta fom abubuwa na kama kwayoyin halitta a aikin amino kungiyoyin. Idan aka kwatanta da peptide, suna da yawa kasa iko, amma iya riƙe wannan tsarin.

manyan tsarin

Amma wadannan tsarin - shi ne mai ball, wanda shi ne Twisted karkace da amino acid din. Haka kuma an kira globule. Akwai shi ta hanyar sadarwa tasowa tsakanin sharan kawai wasu amino acid - cysteine. Suna da ake kira disulfide. Wannan tsarin kuma goyon bayan hydrophobic da electrostatic shaidu. Na farko shi ne a sakamakon janye tsakanin amino acid a cikin wani ruwa-ruwa matsakaici. A irin wannan yanayi, su hydrophobic sharan kusan "tsaya tare" ta samar da wata globule. Bugu da ƙari kuma, amino acid radicals da sabani zargin suna janyo hankalin zuwa juna. A sakamakon haka, akwai ƙarin electrostatic connection.

Protein quaternary tsarin

A quaternary tsarin da gina jiki yana da wuya. Wannan shi ne sakamakon hadewar da dama globules. Suna iya bambanta, da kuma sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma halaye na sarari kungiyar. Idan gina jiki quaternary tsarin da aka kafa kawai na amino acid sharan gona, shi ne mai sauki. Wadannan biopolymers ne kira sunadarai. Amma idan kwayoyin suna a haɗe zuwa wadannan maras gina jiki aka gyara faruwa proteid. A mafi yawan lokuta wannan amino fili da carbohydrate, nucleic acid sharan da phosphorus, lipids, mutum atoms baƙin ƙarfe da tagulla. A yanayi shi kuma aka sani da furotin da gidaje da na halitta canza launi abubuwa - pigments. Wannan tsarin sunadarai na gina jiki shi ne mafi hadaddun.

Sarari form quaternary gina jiki tsari ne hukunci ga da kaddarorin. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa filamentous ko fibrillar biopolymers ba narke a cikin ruwa. Kuma sunã bautã wa wani muhimmin aiki ga kwayoyin halittar. Saboda haka, tsoka sunadaran actin da myosin samar da motsi, da kuma shi ne tushen keratin gashi na mutane da dabbobi. Mai siffar zobe ko globular sunadaran quaternary tsarin ne sosai narkewa a cikin ruwa. Rawar da suka taka a cikin yanayi daban-daban ne. Irin wannan abubuwa suna iya shari gas, kamar haemoglobin, manne abinci kamar yadda pepsin, ko yi da wani m aiki, kamar antibodies.

gina jiki Properties

Protein quaternary tsarin, musamman globular, iya canza tsarinta. Wannan tsari faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban dalilai. Mafi sau da yawa suna high zazzabi, karfi acid ko m karafa.

Idan sunadarin unwinds ga amino acid sarkar, irin wannan dukiyar da aka kira denaturation. Wannan tsari ne reversible. Wannan tsarin zai iya sake samar da globules kwayoyin. Wannan kishiya tsari shine ake kira renaturation. Idan amino acid kwayoyin daga juna da kuma karya da peptide bond, akwai halaka. Wannan tsari ne babu ja. Wannan gina jiki ba za a iya dawo dasu ba. Halakar da kowanne daga cikinmu kamar yadda soyayyen qwai.

Kamar wancan ne da quaternary tsarin da gina jiki - dangane da irin, wanda aka kafa a cikin kwayoyin. Shĩ ne da karfi isa, amma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wasu dalilai iya auka.