Reader comments: "1984" (Dzhordzh Oruell). A takaice na mãkirci, ma'ana

2 film karbuwa, bugu a 60 harsuna, da 8 ga watan wuri a cikin jerin saman ɗari biyu da littattafai a kan version na Air Force - duk wannan shi ne littafin "1984". Dzhordzh Oruell - marubucin mafi kyau labari na dystopia, ya dauki girman kai na wuri daga yanzu classic "Mun" Zamyatin da kuma "Fahrenheit 451," Bradbury.

A bit game da tarihin na littafin

An haife shi a Indiya, wani tsohon ma'aikacin na mulkin mallaka sojojin Dzhordzh Oruell ya matsa zuwa Turai ya zama marubuci. Ya m aiki ya zama m bayan buga da m littafin, "Animal Farm" (ko "Animal Farm"). Describing caste rashin daidaito na yawan jama'ar, yaƙi don 'yantar da tunani da kuma hukunta wani bautar da' yanci na kowa mutum, marubucin kara taken labari "1984". A littafin ya bayyana marubucin sha'awar nuna yadda wani totalitarian gwamnatin, kamar yadda yake cutarwa ga mutane da kuma tsarin a matsayin dukan.

Babu shakka, irin wannan m view ne mai wuya a faranta mambobi na mulki amincewa da tsarin mulki. "Animal Farm" a cikin tarayyar Soviet aka kira da "ga zama abin ƙyãma" a parody na zaman jama'a hanyar rayuwa, da kuma Orwell ya zama wani abokin gaba na kwaminisanci da Gurguzu.

Musu daga kowane irin bautar da mutum - ta jiki da kuma halin kirki hukunci da denunciation na ƙeta da mutum dama yantar magana - duk da wannan a matsayin dalilin samun littafin "1984". Dzhordzh Oruell gama aiki a kan littafinsa, a 1948, da kuma riga a shekarar 1949 da ta je haske.

A m dauki ga bazawa na aikin ba dade a cikin zuwan. Daga cikin faranta zuciyar fara harbi da fim, da littafin ya fassara shi zuwa wasu harsuna, da kuma an zarge shi da plagiarism!

Gaskiyar cewa labari "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell buga bayan buga ayyukan Yevgeny Zamyatin "Mun", dalilin da wanda - kamar ra'ayin wani totalitarian tsarin al'umma da kuma manufofin da matsa lamba a kan mutum ta sirri. Da sukan plagiarism an cire bayan da masu bincike sun iya bayyana cewa Orwell karanta "mu" bayan haihuwar nasa ra'ayi to ƙirƙirar dystopia.

Irin wannan matakai, idan marubuta daban-daban bayyana irin ra'ayoyin su dauka kusan a lokaci guda Azancin nasaba da duniya siyasa da na zamantakewa canje-canje a cikin al'umma. Historical matakai a Turai na farkon karni na ashirin, fitowan da wani sabon jihar na Union of Soviet Socialist jamhuriyoyin - hujja.

Storylines labari

A labari "1984" za a iya raba 2 babban wuraren da akwai wani ci gaban da mãkirci, - zamantakewa da siyasa da halin kirki-m. Wadannan yankuna biyu ana haka lauye da cewa shi ya zama ba zai yiwu ba su yi tunanin daya ba tare da sauran. Description na kasashen waje da manufofin halin da ake ciki da aka nuna ta hanyar da Prism na ji da kuma tunani na protagonist. Dangantaka tsakanin mutane ne ma wani buɗi na ginin zamantakewa na bayyana, wanda aka bayyana a cikin "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Analysis na samfurin shi yiwuwa ba tare da duka biyu kwatance.

Aka bayyana a cikin littafin na mataki faruwa a cikin teku - a superpower, wanda aka kafa a sakamakon duniya raba cikin 3 main sassa bayan da uku yakin duniya. Oceania wakiltar kungiyar American Amurka, Afrika, da kuma Australia a kai na cibiyar - da United Kingdom. Biyu sauran sassa na duniya da ake kira Eurasia (Tarayyar Soviet, da sauran kasashen Turai, Turkey) da kuma Ostaziey (halin yanzu kasashen Asiya).

A kowane daga cikin wadannan kasashe akwai wani sarari matsayi tsarin mulki, saboda haka, caste rabo na al'umma. A saman jirgin a cikin teku - shi ne wani ciki jam'iyyar. Haka kuma an kira Big (mazan) ɗan'uwansu, wanda kullum "kallon da ku". Kawai sa, da dukan jama'a ne karkashin duka iko na dama-reshe jam'iyyun a cikin sunan "da na kowa kyau". Big Brother sarrafa kome - aiki, na sirri rayuwa, da tunani, ji da motsin zuciyarmu. Wa zai zama da "mysleprestupnikom" (tunanin ba kamar yadda "yarda" jam'iyyar), jiran azãba mai tsanani ...

Af, soyayya da kuma tausayi ga wani kusa - wannan thoughtcrime. Duk wanda yake da wani fan na soyayya jigo a adabi, zai samu kansu wani storyline. Layin da dangantaka da protagonist tare da masõyansa. Hakika, da asali. Son karkashin m ganinsu na Big Brother ...

Litseprestuplenie 'yan tunani da kuma telescreen

A "1984" ta Oruell Dzhordzh nuna yadda akidar ratsa cikin mutum ta sirri. Da iko a kan duk duniyoyin sanya ba kawai a wajajen ayuka, a cikin cin abinci daki, mai shagon ko wani titi taron. Jam'iyyar zaune a yanki da kuma a abincin dare tebur a cikin da'irar zumunta, dare da rana.

Wannan yana cika ta hanyar da ake kira telescreen - na'urorin kama wani TV sa sanya shi a cikin tituna da kuma a cikin gidajen wakilan jam'iyyar. Its manufa shi ne dual. Da farko, zagaye da Agogon watsa karya labarai na nasarori a cikin Pacific War, yadda ya zama mafi alhẽri a rayu a Jihar Jam'iyyar yabon. Kuma abu na biyu, da kamara waƙa da mutum rayuwa. Telescreen iya zama a kashe ta kawai rabin awa a rana, amma shi bai ba wani tabbacin cewa ba ya ci gaba da kiyaye da lura da dukan aiki na wani dan kasa.

Kula da aiwatar da "matsayin" na zaune a cikin wani jama'a nuna Tunani 'yan sanda. Ta aka bukata a game da fitina nan da nan ansu rubuce-rubucen mysleprestupnika da kuma yin duk abin da zai yiwu ya tabbatar da cewa mutanen da lura sun yi ba daidai ba. Domin a more cikakken hankali: ko da mugunta Big Brother magana a cikin mutane - irin thoughtcrime, litseprestuplenie.

Doublethink, Newspeak da ma'aikatar

"War - wannan duniya", da "black - yana da fari," "rashin ilimi - ikon". A'a, wannan ba wani jerin saɓanin ma'ana. Yana wanzu a Oceania taken cewa bayyanãwa jigon da hukuncin akida. "Biyu-zaton" - shi ne sunan wannan sabon abu.

Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da yaƙĩni da cewa wannan abu za a iya bayyana a matsayin kishiyar sharuddan. Wadannan halaye iya zama a lokaci guda. A Oceania ko da zama a wani ajali kamar "belocherny".

Wani misali na doublethink iya zama wani yanayi na yaki, a cikin abin da jihar zaune. Duk da cewa suna fada, jihar na kasar tukuna za a iya kira a duniya. Lalle ne, ci gaban al'umma shi ne ba a wurin a lokacin yaki.

A dangane da irin wannan akida ba ze haka m sunan ma'aikatar, staffed da mambobi daga cikin matsanancin Party (tsakiya matakin a matsayi na al'umma da Oceania). Saboda haka, ma'aikatar gaskiya watsa bayanai ga jama'a (ta overwriting da haihuwa da kuma ƙawar shi), da Ma'aikatar yawa - tattalin (misali, da isar da kayayyakin da suke ko da yaushe a takaice wadata), da Ma'aikatar soyayya (kadai gini ba tare da wani windows, wanda ya bayyana , za'ayi azabtarwa) - sanda, Ma'aikatar ilimi - dama da kuma nisha, da kuma na ma'aikatar cikin duniya - mana, al'amura na yaki.

Daga cikin yawan amfani da rage tsawon sunayen wadannan ma'aikatu. Alal misali, ma'aikatar gaskiya sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin Minprav. Kuma duk saboda a Oceania ɓullo da wani sabon harshe - Newspeak, wanda nufi da kawar da duk ba a ke so Party of kalmomi da kuma a kalla akan rage phrases. An yi imani da cewa duk da cewa ba shi da ajalinta iya ba wanzu ba. Alal misali, akwai wani kalmar "juyin juya halin" - ba dacewa matakai da shi.

Takaitacciyar labari

Actions faru a Birtaniya babban birnin kasar - London - da kewaye, bisa ga "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Takaitacciyar labari dole ne a fara da wani gabatarwar protagonist.

Daga farkon, karanta ya bayyana cewa babban harafin - Smit Uinston - aiki a riga aka sani da ma'aikatar gaskiya kawai wanda kuma "edited" labarai. A dukan rai da babban harafin zo zuwa ziyarci wurin aiki, da abincin dare a cikin ministoci cin abinci dakin da kuma komawa gida, inda yake jiran rashin kuma kaffa labarai telescreen Oceania.

Zai ze cewa da hankula tsakiyar aji-, Bafilisten, wanda miliyoyin. Ko da sunan da ya talakawa, unremarkable. Amma a gaskiya, Winston, kuma shi ne wanda ya ba sulhu tare da data kasance zamantakewa tsarin, wanda zaluntar totalitarianism, wanda har yanzu yake ganin rashin nishaɗi da yunwa, da yake rayuwa London, yakan maye gurbinsu da labarai, da kuma wanda ake shan azaba da gaskiya a cikinsa talakawa mutane suna sāke. Ya - wani dissenter. Ya - wanda a cikin sunan wani talakawa jama'a farin ciki tare da dukan abin boyewa daga 'yan sanda tunani da gaskiya zũciyõyinsu, kuma da gangan.

A "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell labarin wãtsa a matsayin lokaci daga lokacin da babban harafin ba zai iya tsayayya da matsa lamba na azzaluman daga cikin tunani. Ya sayayya a yankin na zama proles (da proletariat, mafi ƙasƙanci caste rai a Oceania) rubutu da kuma fara rubuta a diary. Ba wai kawai shi ne rubutun da kanta - shi ne mai laifi, da kuma an rubuta shi ne ƙiyayya ga Party. Irin wannan halayya zai iya sa ran kawai matakin qarshe na azaba. Kuma wannan ba rashi na 'yanci.

A farko, Smith bai san abin da ya rubuta. Amma sai ya fara fayyace kome cewa ta zo hankali, ko da excerpts daga labarai, tare da wanda ya ci karo da a wurin aiki. Duk wannan yana tare da tsoron ana kama. Amma kiyaye tunani da kawai lafiya wuri - nasa hankali - ba mafi ƙarfi.

Bayan wani lokaci, Winston fara lura da cewa wani da aka kallon shi. Wannan ne da takwaransa, wata yarinya mai suna Julia. A farko istinbadi da tunani da gwarzo ne cewa ta kallon shi a umurnin da jam'iyyar. Saboda haka shi zai fara zuwa fuskanci jimami na ƙiyayya, da tsoro, da kuma so ....

Amma damar gamuwa da ita, ya kuma ba shi da wani m rubutu yana sanya kome a wurinsa. Julie ne cikin soyayya da Winston. Kuma ina shigar da shi.

Ta shi ne wanda ya yi musayarsu Smith ta ra'ayoyi a kan halin yanzu Jihar harkokin cikin al'umma. Asirin tarurruka, tafiya a cikin taron, inda ya zama dole ba su nuna abin da suka sani, da heroes cire tare ko fiye. Yanzu yana da wani juna ji. Mutual boye ji. Saboda haka Winston asirce tilasta hayan dakin taro tare da wani lover kuma yi addu'a saboda haka kamar yadda ba za a kama.

Asirin al'amarinsu yiwuwa ya zama sanannen Big Brother. Lovers sanya shi a cikin ma'aikatar Love (yanzu da sunan sauti ko mafi m), sa'an nan za su biya domin su wuya dangantaka.

The labari ƙare, ya gaya a "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Yadda yawa shafukan ko girma amounted ga wannan littafin, shi ne daraja jawabin lokaci.

Dangantaka tsakanin mutane a cikin littafi,

Idan ka san yadda za a dangantaka da ji na Oceania, mai ma'ana tambaya: "To, yãya akwai wanzu a iyali Kamar wannan ya gaya?" 1984 "?" A littafin ya bayyana duk wadannan maki.

Jam'iyyar "ilmantar" da negation of soyayya da kuma 'yancin da mutum tun yana saurayi. Sun mutane a Oceania antipolovoy shiga wani kawance a cikin abin da girmamawa jam'iyyar da budurci, da kuma duk free, ciki har da aikewa da ji, sai aka dauke da bai dace ba ga gaskiya jama'a.

A surukuta ne tushen kawai a kan yarda da Party. Babu ambato na juyayi tsakanin abokan ba su zama. Sex rai da aka iyakance zuwa ga haihuwar yara. Winston kansa ya kuma aure. Matarsa, taimaka da Party, da wani kyama ga jiki kawance da kuma bayan samu nasara don samun yaro bar mijinta.

Kamar yadda yara, sun kasance a gani na dangantaka tsakanin iyaye. Ã'a, cikakken rashin tunani daga cikin yan uwa da juna. Daga farkon shekarun yara dasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi addini a cikin akida na jam'iyyar. Kowace daga cikinsu saurare a irin wannan hanyar da ya iya zama a shirye domin yin tir da wani mutum, idan ya aikata thoughtcrime. Ko da adawa zai zama uwa ko uba.

A littafin "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell: harafin description

Game da babban harafin Winston Smith iya ƙara da cewa to shi shekaru 39, shi ne mai 'yan qasar na London, farko na 40s. The iyali a cikin abin da ya girma, kunshi uwarsa da 'yar'uwa, da kuma yake matalauta. Duk da haka, kamar mafi mazaunan Oceania tsakiya da kuma ƙananan aji. A} uruciyarsa, sau da yawa ziyarci da Winston laifi hade da cewa ya zaba cikin mafi dadi abinci a cikin jinya ƙaramin 'yar'uwa. Mystery of bacewar uwansu da zarar wani yaro Smith nasaba da aikin Party.

Ƙaunataccen Uinstona Dzhuliya a kan mãkirci a karkashin shi - ta 26 shekaru. Ta wani m ruwan kasa-masu gashi mace, wanda shi ma ba ya son Big Brother, amma yana zuwa a hankali boye shi. Kamar yadda dangantaka da Smith. Karya dukan dokokin soma a jihar shi damar da m hali da kuma ƙarfin hali, sabon abu ga kowa daga Winston abokai.

Wani muhimmin hali, wanda ya ba tukuna aka ambata - Mista O'Brien na yanzu, hukuma saba Winston. Wannan shi ne wani hali wakilin hukuncin Elite, wanda, duk da m Manyan Your adadi ne mai ladabi hali, kuma ko da mai kyau hankali. Winston a wani matsayi fara daukar Mista O'Brien na yanzu for "su", ba da sanin abin da ya kasance daga cikin 'yan tunani. A nan gaba, shi zai yi wasa da babban harafin da wani m wargi.

Reader comments: "1948" Dzhordzh Oruell

Mafi sau da yawa, masu karatu amsa game da "1984" kamar yadda mai tsanani, mãdalla da littafin, wanda yayi kashedin game da irin wannan abubuwan. Ana rinjayar da yiwuwa tare da wanda marubucin ya bayyana ma'ana karshen duk totalitarian tsarin. Wannan littafi dimokuradiyya. Duk abin da aka haka da tunanin fitar a cikin labarin, cewa a lokacin da ka yi kokarin haifar da wani daban-daban ƙarewa a tuna da tarihi na Winston fiasco. Wannan labari ba za a ɗauke kawai a matsayin adabi aiki. Yana zai zama short-gani kuma, a gaskiya, shi ne kawai na wauta. Ko magoya bayan Stalinism da sauran amincewa kula da tsarin m wannan labarin ne don nuna wani gefe na tsabar kudi. A mafi m mabiya akida totalitarianism iya jin cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne. Wannan shi ne wani samfurin na karfi - karfi tunani. Kamar yadda Dostoevsky. Shafi tunanin mutum da baƙin ciki daga Winston Smith ta irin abubuwan da suke kama da masu kore a cikin wani vise Raskolnikov tsarin. Yana bada shawarar "1984" to duk waɗanda suke a fan of kerawa na Dostoevsky.

Mutane da yawa masu karatu ba su yarda da cewa kawai game da kwaminisanci da Tarayyar Soviet, rubuta a cikin "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Criticism ne sau da yawa ake kira marubuci hater na Soviet gwamnatin, da kuma aikin da kanta - "wani dutse a cikin lambu" na nan tsarin na gwamnati. Followers yi imani da cewa akwai iya fili a gani wani musu da bautar da mutum tsarin. Wani lokaci karin gishiri, amma ƙari ba a soke a wallafe-wallafen kerawa. Gaskiyar cewa kasashen da dama yanzu suna a kan wani m hanyar ci gaba. Kuma shi ƙare jima ko daga baya durkushe a matsayin dukan tsarin, da kuma sirri bala'i da mutum, wanda ya nuna a cikin "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. A ra'ayin shi ne ya dauki mafi fadi look at ra'ayin wannan aikin ba a iyakance ga daya daukan hankali misali na Tarayyar Soviet.

Wani tunanin martani ce cewa kawai freezes da jini a cikin jijiyoyinmu lokacin da ka karanta. Great symbolism, wanda shi ne bayyanannu a cikin yau da kullum duniya - rubutu tarihi, canzawa daga Ganin, gyara da ra'ayoyi da kuma hanyar rayuwa ga bukatun na tsarin. Bayan karanta - mai fadi-bude idanu da kuma ji cewa ya dauki wani sanyi shawa.

Akwai kuma mafi m jawabinsa. Suka ce da gaske cewa littafin ne a fili overrated a cewa da shi ya musanya sani. Ba na yarda, domin a can ne mai ban ji - mai karatu - rashin pessimist wanda ba ya bukatar karanta littafin ganin imperfections na duniya, ko da littafin da aka tsara ga wadanda suka rayu a jã tabarau.

Rasprostanenie ra'ayi ma shi ne wadannan: littafin iya gaskiya da za a dauke tarihi. Kuma shi ne sosai zamani. Wanene ya canza duniya? Wanda ya kasance ba ji tsoron mutuwa saboda wani ra'ayin. A daya wanda yana jin tsoro ya zauna a cikin irin wannan m al'umma. Shin, ba masu rinjaye daga cikin mazauna, wanda zai kawai tsira, amma kawai mutane.

Sau da yawa da sabanin, amma ko da yaushe m, kuma akwai masu karatu 'reviews. "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell a matsayin marubuci ya taba sa daya - rashin tunani. Kuma ba mamaki - a cikin wannan littafin, kowa da kowa zai iya samun wani abu domin kansu. Amma auku da kuma ba su ma tambayi abin da ya sa irin wannan fuss game da wannan aiki, babu daya ba zai iya bibliophile.

wani karbuwa

A manyan yawan accolades ya} ashin ga yan fim fim labari "1984". Dzhordzh Oruell bai zama 6 shekaru kafin a saki na babban allo na zuriyarsa. A farko film bayyana a sinimomi a 1956.

Yana da aka directed by Maykl Anderson, wanda, tare da screenwriter Templeton sanya mayar da hankali da hoton a kan totalitarian al'umma. A tarihin protagonist, buga da Edmond Mista O'Brien na yanzu, motsa a cikin fim da wayside. Wannan ya yi ya rage wuya da kuma haifar da mafi m ga mai fadi masu sauraro a fim. Amma shi ya ba da m sakamakon. . Musamman ga wadanda suka yi a baya aka saba da kalmar "George Orwell" 1984 "Review daga cikin masu sauraro ya unequivocal - fim ba ya isa da littattafai a kan wani tunanin kaya a cikin na asali labari a mafi tsauri da kuma m ..

Ban sha'awa Gaskiyar - sunan da actor (Mista O'Brien na yanzu) yayi daidai da sunan wani hali daga littafin (jam'iyyar hukuma, su hada kai da 'yan sanda da tunani). Saboda haka, aka yanke shawarar canza shi a cikin mãkirci ga O'Connor.

A na gaba, wanda ya yi ƙarfin halin yin movie na "1984" ya zama wani Michael, amma yanzu Radford, British darektan. Ya hoto da aka wallafa a cikin shekarar, wanda ya zo daidai da abubuwan da suka faru na littafin - a 1984. Babban rawa sanya actor Dzhon zuciyarsa, ya ƙaunataccen Julia taka leda Suzanna Hamilton. Har ila yau, wannan hoto shi ne na karshe a cikin aiki da kuma rayuwa daga cikin shahararrun actor Richard Burton, sani na "The Taming na Shrew," "mafi tsawo rana" da sauransu.

Wannan lokaci da fim karbuwa ya zama mafi nasara - duk canjawa wuri storylines littattafai mayalwaci bayyana images of heroes. Amma ko da a nan, da masu sauraro raba reviews. "1984", Dzhordzh Oruell kansa a matsayin marubucin son masu karatu don haka da cewa ba su iya ji da karbuwa daga wani tunanin tashin hankali, da filament, wanda watsa littafin.

A yau mun san cewa wata ne ya shirya, da uku karbuwa daga cikin labari, dystopia. Karkashin jagorancin darektan Paul Greengrass. Ya zama da aka sani godiya ga aikin a kan zanen "The Bourne keda daukaka," "Kazamin Lahadi." Duk da yake a kan simintin gyara, kwanan watan farawa don yin fim da fim ba a sani. Amma su shiga a lokacin haihuwa da hoton zai zama kamfanin Sony Pictures, kuma m Scott Rudin An riga an tuki da sha'awa a nan gaba da fim dangane da "1984" (Dzhordzh Oruell). Screen karbuwa yi alkawarin zama mafi zamani da kuma high quality.

A janar ra'ayi daga karatu

Hakika, mafi gaskiya, unbiased samfurin halaye ne real reviews. "1984", Dzhordzh Oruell, da kuma dukan duniya, Ya halitta resonated a cikin zukatan miliyoyin masu karatu. Wurare a m da wani tunanin, wani lokacin tauri, uncompromising da tsoratarwa - wannan littafin, kazalika da rayuwar kanta. Watakila saboda yana da alama haka real.

"Freedom - ne a ce sau biyu biyu ne hudu", - ya ce a cikin "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Quotes daga wannan littafin sani, ko waɗanda suka ba su karanta shi. Samun su san ta sosai daraja. Kuma ba kawai saboda ta yaba reviews. "1984", Dzhordzh Oruell iya zama da littafin da kuma mawallafin, wanda zai sami wani wuri na girmamawa a kan wani bookshelf a cikin zuciya na gaba da sauran Masterpieces na wallafe-wallafe.