Tolstoy littafin. Yara ilimi flourishing m marubuci

Tolstoy littafin da aka sani ga kowane ilimi mutum a duniya. Leo ne watakila ya fi shahara Rasha marubuci da zurfin tunani. The takwas aikinsa "yaki da zaman lafiya" a kan daya terrifies daya daga irinsa, wasu sha'awan da zurfin daki-daki. Amma wannan shi ne shakka a classic cewa rightfully nasa ne duk duniya fi mafi kyau ayyukansu. Ko a lokacin da wani lokacin farin ciki littafin rai sun sanya shi a gane master of Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Aikinsa ya kawo ci gaban da labarun almara mai motsi, kazalika da na Turai humanism.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma Ilimi

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy ne wani wakilin wani tsoho iyali na noblemen. Sun zo daga wani aboki Petra Velikogo. Leo Tolstoy da aka haife shi a 1828 a cikin estate na Crown ta hanyar da masu juna biyu layi - Yasnaya Polyana. Bayan mutuwar iyaye na gaba ilimi na marubuci da 'yan'uwansa da farko yana da wani m zumunta Yergolsky, sa'an nan' yar'uwar mahaifinsa, Osten-Sacken. Yana da a karshe a Kazan matasa Loew farko tunani game da bukatar kai-ainihi. All gaba littattafai Tolstoy zai zama dole gani wannan batu. Da farko koyar Lva Tolstogo aka gayyace Jamus Roselman. Ya kasance mai kyau-natured da sosai m yaron. A cikin labarin, wanda aka rubuta ta sa'an nan Tolstoy ( "Yara"), ya bayyana tsohon malami a cikin nau'i na Karl Ivanovich. Bayan yaron da aka tsunduma a cikin ilimin Roselmana Faransa Saint-Thomas (Saint Jerome na "Boyhood"). Kamar 'yan'uwa uku, Tolstoy karatu a Jami'ar Kazan. A shekarar farko ya kusan bai yi kimiyya, da kuma kawai a kan na farko zama sha'awar ayyukan Montesquieu.

A farko da wallafe-wallafen ni'ima

A 1847, yayin da ake jinyar a asibiti, Leo Tolstoy fara ci gaba da wani diary. Ya ba su daina wannan sana'a har karshen rayuwa. A da shi, ya, kamar yadda Benjamin Franklin kafa kansa a raga da kuma makasudin kai-raya, ya lura da nasarorin da kasawa, don nazarin tunaninsu da kuma ayyuka. Ya taba koma zuwa University. Rufe katin asara a Moscow tilasta Leo shiga soja sabis. Bayan wucewa da jarrabawa, nan gaba marubuci shiga wani ɗan jam'iyyar kadet a Starogladovskaya Cossack kauyen. Daga can ya fara zuwa da Editorial jirgin na mujallar "Littafi" ta farko da aiki - autobiographical labari "Yara". Idan ba a karɓa masa, sa'an nan mafi m, da sauran littattafai na Tolstoy taba zo zuwa ga haske. Ya halarci da yawa wata gaba da tuddai, sa'an nan a cikin tsaro na Sevastopol. A shekarar 1965, Tolstoy bar soja. Ya rubuta "yaki da zaman lafiya" da "Anna Karenina." Mai Tolstoy sha'awar sirri ci gaba, da yiwuwar ta halin kirki kammala.

"Yaki da zaman lafiya"

Aiki a kan mafi shahara aiki na marubuci da aka riga da aiki a kan labari "The Decembrists". Don shi, sai ya koma da yawa sau cikin rayuwarsa, amma ba a gama ba. Kamar dukan sauran littattafai na Tolstoy ta "yaki da zaman lafiya" - wani labari game da halin kirki girma na mutum. Wannan shi ne na musamman sabon abu a duniya wallafe-wallafe. An yadu wakilci dukan strata Rasha jama'a, da dama haruffa da kuma zamanai a kan bango na Napoleonic wars a 1805-1812, bi da bi. "Yaki da zaman lafiya" - a fi so yaron na marubuci, kambinsa na halitta. A wannan aiki a gaba ɗayansa nuna da baiwa daga Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo. A farko trailer na multivolume labari da aka buga a mujallar "Rasha Gazette" a 1865, wanda da zarar aka sosai warmly samu. A wannan manyan sikelin-aiki a fili nuna falsafar Tolstoy: "Cool tarihi twists - wannan ba wani al'amari na mutum daya hannuwa, da kuma sakamakon aikin gayya."

"Anna Karenina"

Tolstoy da zarar ya bayyana "yaki da zaman lafiya" a matsayin "wani littafi na baya." "Anna Karenina" da aka asali yi cikinsa a matsayin samfurin da wani marubuci na zamani a rayuwar. Kuma babu abubuwan tarihin. Amma shi nuna hakikanin mutum rai da kuma ta ci gaba. A wannan labari, babu wani wasan. All kare a wannan wuri ya fara, wato, a kan reluwe. Ko a kan hanyar zuwa Moscow domin sulhu da ɗan'uwansa, Anna san game da Count Vronsky. Ta makwabcin a kan Santa Fe ne mahaifiyarsa. All hudu daga cikinsu suna samu a dandali kuma ka sami cewa a karkashin ƙafafun na tafiya kashe tsaro. Wannan "bad alamar" gargadi game da sananne halakar da iyali. The ban tausayi soyayya na wani aure Karenina da Vronsky aka contrasted tare da wani farin ciki rayuwar iyali Katie Shtcherbatskaya da kuma kusa da mutane Konstantina Lovina. da labari ya a 1875 a "Rasha Gazette" da aka farko da aka buga.

Tolstoy ayyukan suna da kyau sani ba kawai a cikin post-Soviet kasashe, amma kuma duk duniya. Sake karanta su tare da soyayya da kuma kowane lokaci ya yi mamakin a sami wani sabon abu, daya kananan daki-daki, abin da canjawa da mayar da hankali da kuma bada daban-daban ma'anar. Saboda haka, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy - wani baiwa daga Rasha adabi wanda littattafai ne dacewa a kowane lokaci.