Remedial mataki a shari'ar aikata laifi

Remedial mataki - don haka dukan sa na matakan yarda domin samar da laifi kuma} ungiyoyin dokar. Iyakoki na haramun ce daga wadannan ayyuka ne a cikin tsarin ƙungiyoyin ko laifi dokokin a kasar. Dukkan ayyukan manyan zuwa shiri na harka ga fitina, iya fada a cikin definition of "procedural mataki".

Definition da ka'idodinta

Bisa ga ya fi na kowa definition, remedial mataki za a iya kira a karkashin Dokar da kuma sanya ɓangare na taron, wanda ya yi wa 'yan asalin izini a cikin hali na laifi aikace-aikace ko kayan.

All iri-iri na procedural ayyuka shige zuwa cikin wasu ka'idojin da cewa bauta a matsayin guideline a cikin gwamnatin da adalci. Yarda da wadannan jagororin na tabbatar da m kuma na sosai review na lokuta a kotuna. All iri-iri na asali saboda tsari ka'idojin za a iya takaita a cikin wadannan theses:

• daidaici da duk 'yan ƙasa a gaban doka;
• procedural daidaici da mahalarta a cikin harkokin shari'a;
• hade da na gama da mutum shawara na harka.
• rashin son kai da kuma 'yancin kai na mahukunta.
• nuna gaskiya da kuma gaskiya, da fitina.

na farko aikace-aikace

Daban-daban Categories} ararrakin da nasu ƙayyadaddu, wanda za a iya ƙaddara da peculiarities na harka, da matsaloli na shaida taro da sauran abubuwa. Remedial mataki a tafka shari'a ke kula da labari 142 daga cikin Code of Civil Hanya, shi ya ƙunshi jerin duk yiwu matakan da cewa za a iya sanya a cikin shiri na harka. Mutane izini da aiki procedurally ba dole ba ne ya yi dukan ayyukan bayar da wannan labarin. Yana duk ya dogara da mutum nuances na kowane hali. Ga mahukunta procedural mataki - ne da wadannan:

• ƙuduri na batun na shiga cikin kasuwanci-weights, co-masu kara da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki.
• da bayar da izni ga tambaya ga hukuncin da kotun harka a sulhu kotu da hakkin ya bayyana sakamakon irin wannan mataki.
• bayar da dama don kiran shaidu ga dukkan jam'iyyun da hannu.
• aikace-aikace, kunsha na gudanar da bincike da kuma dole na bincike Nazarin ;
• da shugabanci na kotu umarni ;
• sauran ayyuka.

Ainihin dokoki na yakin dokar

Dokoki na zamani yancin] an ba zai yiwu a gano dukan jerin procedural ayyukan wajibi ga shawara na} ararrakin. Alal misali, a procedural yi a tafka shari'a da mai kara kayyade ta aiki matsayi, wanda aka nufin kare kaya ko bukatun da kariyar doka, kuma abin da ya kamata su daukaka kara zuwa kotun. Ayyuka na la'anta a cikin wannan yanayin ne da nufin tattara shaida daga cikin mai kara correctness kalamai. A request daga cikin jam'iyyun da hukunci ya nẽmi daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu mutane real ko rubuta shaida. Wannan mulki ne daya daga cikin ka'idojin da rigima dokar, wanda a zamaninmu ne kawai farko da za a aiwatar a cikin gida aikace-aikace. A kotuna a cikin hali na yakin ayyuka ne kamar haka:

• reclamation na daban-daban shaida daga mai shi ga manufar su canja wuri zuwa kotu.
• tarin shaida ta a kotu domin;
• bayar da shaida samu ta hanyar Nazarin - shari'a ko m.
• to samu da dole shaida ta hanyar dubawa.

A kashi na biyu na Mataki na ashirin da 142 daga cikin Code of Civil Hanya mahukuncin ya umurcemu da ko ya ba da mai tsaro a kwafin na mai kara ta da'awar da takardun a haɗe a cikinta, kazalika da sanarwa na wuri da kuma lokaci na ji a cikin al'amarin. Wannan arziki damar da tuhuma da tattara da bayanai, bayyana matsayinsa. Saboda haka girmamawa ne daya daga cikin ka'idojin procedural mataki - da daidaito daga cikin jam'iyyun da tsari, kamar yadda shi ne m, a zamani fikihu.

m hanya

A kowane laifi fitina aikace-aikace nawa zuwa cikakken, a-zurfin hujja da wasu facts zaba domin nan gaba shawara da kotu. Babban Hanyar gudanar da laifi tsari ne da bincike na tattara Hujjoji. Kuma ga tarin shaida tambaya aikace-aikace. Wannan Code of laifuka Hanya yana nufin a matsayin investigative hanyoyin dole domin zabin da bincikawa da kuma gwaji na shaida a bincike na farko.

A iri-iri na binciken ayyuka za a iya halin da halaye da aka shimfiɗa ta laifi procedural dokar da ake amfani da su tattara da kuma tabbatar da hujja daga cikin taron, wanda ya hada da wani sa na m, kuma search hanyoyin da ganewa, da dacewa fasali na burbushi na laifi. Har ila yau, da muka ambata a sama da matakan da ya kamata a saba da tasiri ganewa, fahimta da kuma kullawa da zama dole shaida-tushen bayani.

Dalili na binciken ayyuka

Duk wani procedural mataki a shari'ar aikata laifi bisa fahimi, da al'amurran da ganewa. A wannan girmamawa ta bambanta daga wasu aikace-aikace, wanda aka gudanar da bincikensa a cikin shakka daga cikin aikace-aikace. Duk da ayyukansa da kuma yanke shawara ne batun wasu procedural tsari, wanda ke nufin cewa su ne istinbadi, kamar yadda aka kai tsaye dangane da dokar da laifi hanya.

Domin binciken procedural yi - a cike da kuma bincike na laifi hali. A wannan yanayi, duka ayyuka kayyade izini mutum za a iya kira investigative. Amma dokar har yanzu nuna banbanci procedural mataki da gudanar da bincike. A bambanci shi ne, gudanar da bincike da nufin taro, kimantawa da kuma yin amfani da shaida samu, amma hanya rufe dukan tsari - daga tarin shaida ga bincika bayyanenen hujja a ɗakin shari'a.

Mene ne investigative matakan

Investigatory aikace-aikace na CCP gan kamar yadda na asali hanya na laifi aiki, wanda shi ne batun dace tsari na shari'a da dokokinta. Idan investigative ayyuka suna da za'ayi tare da keta, da bayyana shaida na zahiri samu a cikin wannan hanya, da kotu ba zã a karɓa. Ga wani binciken ayyuka akwai doka bukatun karkashin dokokin laifi hanya da kuma hanya m zuwa kowane daga cikin saukarwa. Regulation na binciken ayyuka, kuma su yarda da doka tsarin ayyana ta da wadannan janar yanayi:

• Kowane investigative mataki dole ne umarnin da jiki na bincike , da kuma kawai bayan da hukuma qaddamarwa na laifi aikace-aikace.
• Binciken ayyuka ake yi a gaban kyau dalilai. Alal misali, sakamakon bayanai da aka samu game da hujjojin da cewa sanin da bukatar tarin da kuma tabbaci na shaida tushe, don haka da hujjojin da aka bari a lokacin da investigative matakan.
• A hanya da kuma hanya na wannan ko cewa investigative mataki da yin zane dole ne a yi daidai da doka.
• Cikakken alhakin hali na gudanar da bincike da aka sanya wa wani jami'in wanda aka izini gudanar da bincike a wannan laifi hali.

Evidence tushe

Rule a kan samar da wani batu dole ne a goyan bayan hujja. A yanke shawarar gudanar da wasu investigative mataki daukan da binciken ko wani mutum wanda ya karbi izni (da izinin) da m. Bincike iya za'ayi da oda na shugaban sashen binciken, ko a request na sha'awar jam'iyyun, kamar wanda ake zargi, shawararsa ko wanda aka azabtar. A binciken yanke shawarar da akayi ko ko ba don yanke shawara a kan hali na gudanar da bincike ayyuka, ko fara musamman procedural mataki. Idan aikace-aikace da aka ƙi, wannan hukunci dole ne m da binciken.

A lokacin da la'akari da qananan administrative laifukan da dokar da dama a gudanar da "sauran aikace-aikace". Wannan Cao shirya a fili isa, amma ba ya saka abin da ake nufi da wadannan ayyukan. A general, su ya kamata a iyakance zuwa kayyade shaida daga cikin zargi, bayan da la'akari da wani hali ko kotu, ko rufaffiyar.

A tsarin na binciken aikace-aikace

A zamani doka adabi, babu wani tsari guda ra'ayi na tsarin na binciken ayyuka, domin ba shi yiwuwa a gano remedial ayyuka da cewa ba su da cikakken bincike. Ga misali, da lauyoyi ba zai iya zo ga ƙarshe ko da wadannan binciken ayyuka:

• kãmun dukiya.
• exhumation na gawawwakin.
• maimaitawa na laifi.
• likita jarrabawa na azabtar.

A wahala ta'allaka ne da cewa a cikin dauke da fitar da wadannan ayyuka da binciken lura da mulkin hanya na su samar, amma shaidu bayanai da aka ba samu. Alal misali, shan-daga gãwar karshe kyaun wurin ƙailũla, misali, ba ya tabbatar da wani abu.

A daya hannun, da yawa daga cikin procedural matakai azurta doka ta ne quite dace domin samar da shaida da kuma iya zama wani ɓangare na sauran bincike. Su ne:

• da ake tsare da wanda ake zargi da;
• samu samfurori da kamanta dakin gwaje-gwaje da bincike.
• rajistan shiga samfurori samuwa a-gizo.

Yana bi da cewa a lokacin kama wanda ake zargin bisa ga su Art. 122 Code of laifuka Hanya, idan da taron ne a kai tsaye dangane da ganewa na ãyõyin laifi, da dakalansu, da lokaci da kuma wurin da ake tsare acquire probative darajar.

lokaci iyaka

Duk wani procedural mataki, don ya aikata abin da wa'adin da ya kamata a kammala a karshen lokacin da majalisa ta zauna don tarin shaida. Dates na aikace-aikace iya kafa dokar ta kuma za a iya sanya ta kotu. Hanya lokaci ƙaddara da kwanan wata, wani nuni da taron ko cikakken lokaci kasaftawa ga wadannan ayyuka.

Ƙare na wani lokaci dogara a kan oda a cikin tsari na kirga cikin kasaftawa lokaci lokaci. Alal misali, idan aikace-aikace miƙa a kan shekaru da dama, shi ne karshen cikakken kwanan wata (ranar, wata) na bara cikin dukan lokacin. Idan lokacin da aka lasafta a kalandar watanni, shi zai zo daidai da ƙarshen watan da ya gabata na zamani.

Remedial mataki, iyakar tsakanin wanda aka saka procedural sharuddan, za a iya kammala a rana daya kafin ta ƙulli. Alal misali, idan gunaguni, koke-koke, ko kuma kudi da aka yi cikin awoyi 24 na rana na karshe na lokaci, wadannan ayyuka ba su da saboda da ba ambatacce aiwatar aiwatar hanyoyin tsalle. Amma idan remedial mataki ya kamata a dauka kotu ko wasu jama'a wuri, da lokaci da ta ƙarshe ya dogara da karshe minti na aikin da wannan ma'aikata.

Dama da za su gudanar procedural ayyuka, za a soke a ranar da lokaci wajabta ta doka ko wata kotu ta nada. Idan kotu kawo yanke shawara ko da takardun ƙaddamar bayan ƙarewar na procedural mataki, suka ba su dauke. Ban ne takardun ƙaddamar bayan aikace-aikace na tsawo lokaci da iyaka, wanda aka amince da kotun.

da tsawaita

Idan aikace-aikace da aka dakatar a wannan lokaci za a dakatar da lokaci na harka. Idan Sabonta procedural deadlines ga gudana da kuma da wa'adin da aka dage zuwa kwanan baya.

Idan mutum a lura da procedural mataki, rasa deadlines ga m dalilai, kotu na iya kafa wani daban-daban ranar karshen na aikace-aikace. A aikace-aikace na sabuntawa da aka bai wa kotun a cikin abin da mataki da za a gani. Duk masu ruwa da tsaki dole ne a sanar a gaba game da zai yiwu tsawo na procedural mataki. Idan sun kasa bayyana a kotu, shi ba zai haifar da rashin cin nasara a yi la'akari da yanayin kan procedural jinkiri.

Tare da samar da wata takarda ga wani tsawo na procedural yi iya fayil ro zuwa kalubalanci tsawo na korafin, ko zuwa gangan jinkirta da gudanar da bincike.