Rikicin Siriya (yakin basasa a Siriya): haddasawa, mambobi ne na amfani da makamai rikici

A rikicin Siriya da aka faruwa ga kusan 4 years. Wannan yaki ne daya daga cikin mummunan a cikin 21st karni. Wadanda ke fama da yaki a Syria, daruruwan dubbai, fiye da mutane miliyan biyu sun zama 'yan gudun hijira. A wannan rikici da hannu kasashe da dama. Duk da yunkurin da kasashen duniya wajen daidaita dukan yaƙe jam'iyyun, fadan da aka har yanzu faruwa, da kuma yarjejeniya a nan gaba ne foreseen.

Fage rikici

Syria a duniya map daukan 87 th wuri a kan sikelin da ƙasa. By farkon na shekara ta 2011 a wannan kasa ya rayu kusan mutane miliyan 20. Mafi yawa daga cikin al'ummar ne Sunni. Har ila yau, da Kiristoci da kuma Alawites suna da kyau wakilci, da kuma abin da suke a ikon a kasar. A arewa da kuma gabas na Syria Kurdawa rayuwa, wanda Musulmi.

A gwamnati ne Baath Party, wadda yi amfani da za a mamaye da kuma a Iraki (har aka hambarar da Saddam Hussein da sojojin Amurka). Duk da ikon Elite ne kusan gaba ɗaya sanya har na Alawites. A kasar na fiye da shekaru 50 da sarrafa ta baci, wanda ƙuntata wasu yancin walwala. A 2010, Syria ya zubar da tsanani rikicin. A yawa na mutane suka rasa aikinsu, jin dadin jama'a ya rincabewa. A lokaci guda a kasashe makwabta riga a cika bugãwa "Arab Spring".

A kawai 'yan watanni kafin na farko collisions adawa gudanar da zanga-zangar da dama. Bukatar a su ne daban-daban, da kuma hali na zanga-zanga da aka gwada da lumana. Amma a wannan lokaci da Amurka da kuma kungiyar tarayyar Turai sun fara rayayye tallafa siyasa sojojin a cikin kasar, wanda ya kasance a cikin 'yan adawa ga gwamnatin Bashar al-Assad. Assad mulkin kasar tun 2000.

An muhimmiyar rawa a farkon taro tashin taka iri-iri na social networks. A watan Janairu, kasar Syria kashi na "Facebook" da aka zahiri flooded tare da kira ga anti-zangar a kan Fabrairu 4. A 'yan adawa kira da cewa kwanan wata "Ranar hushi". A goyon bayan Assad ya bayyana cewa, da zamantakewa cibiyar sadarwa gwamnati da gangan tarewa da goyon bayan gwamnati al'umma.

A farkon da Ɗaukaka

A karshen hunturu a birane da yawa dubban mutane suka bazama kan tituna. Suka ba da ha in bukatunsu ba dube ta bayyana mana. Amma wannan ya canja da cika fuska a lokacin da masu zanga-zanga da 'yan sanda arangama a m fadace-fadace. A 'yan kwanaki daga baya na fara samun bayanai game da matattu' yan sanda. Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru tilasta Assad a gudanar da wani m janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da sojoji da kuma tattara su a kusa da 'yan adawa cunkoso yankunan.

A daidai wannan lokaci, 'yan adawa na iya neman goyon bayan kasashen yamma da kuma Gulf. Ya fara da samuwar da "Free Syrian Army". A ta kashin kunshi wakilan siyasa reshe masu zanga-zanga da kuma deserters daga Syria Armed Forces. A kudi samu daga waje, bangarorin adawa yãƙi. A cikin bazara na shekara ta 2011 za a fara da farko arangama.

A Addinin Musulunci da rikici

Wani wuri a watan Afrilu, 'yan adawa kishin Islama alaka. Bayan wani lokaci, da hare-haren faruwa. Unknown m kashe manyan jami'an kasar da sojojin Syria. The sojojin da kuma kasar ta jami'an tsaro za a fara da dama ayyukan da 'yan adawa. Free Syrian Army na kama da dama manyan ƙauyuka. Suna nan da nan katange da Assad sojojin. A uncontrolled yankunan switched off wutar lantarki da kuma ruwa. A farko tsanani fadace-fadace faruwa a Damascus. Syria ta gwamnati yanke shawarar da ya bari da amfani na yau da kullum sojoji, da kuma enlists taimakon mobile musamman sojojin. Su sauri kashe skeletons m kungiyoyin, bayan da a can ne kai tsaye trimming. Irin ayyuka biya kashe - more kuma mafi yankuna da baya a karkashin gwamnatin iko.

A wannan wuri, da kuma kyautata harkokin siyasa. Bashar Asad watsi da hukuma da kuma sanya farkon zaben. Duk da haka, rikicin Siriya ya ci gaba da ƙara. Damascus partially tsunduma a cikin 'yan adawa, wanda yana amfani da kunar bakin wake da in yaqi gwamnati.

waje baki

A marigayi 2011, rikicin Siriya ƙara a cikin tsakiyar hankalin kafofin watsa labaran yammacin. A yawan kasashen suna fara samar da taimako ga 'yan adawa. EU da Amurka sanya takunkumi kan Syria, wajen rage yawan samun kudin shiga na kasar daga mai tallace-tallace. A daya hannun, arabic daular mulkinsu gudanar cinikayya takunkumin tattalin arziki. Arabia, Qatar, Turkiya da kuma wasu kasashen an fara tallafa da hannu cikin Free Army. A halin da ake ciki tattalin arziki da aka tabarbarewar hanzari, saboda wani gagarumin rabo daga kudaden shiga, in ban da waje cinikayya, yawon shakatawa da suka kawo kansu.

Daya daga cikin na farko kasashen bayyane shiga tsakani a rikicin Siriya, shi ne Turkey. Yana bayar da tallafin da ta aika da 'yan adawa councilors. Har ila yau kawo da farko harin bom da matsayi na gwamnati na Siriya sojojin. Amsar zo nan da nan. Assad tura a yankin ƙasarta iska tsaro tsarin, wanda harbe saukar da wani Baturke jirgin saman soja. Bashar kansa ya furta cewa yana shirye domin tattaunawa tare da bangarorin da abin ya, amma ba ya fahimci dalilin da ya yaki a Syria sosai damu game da {asar Amirka da sauran} asashe.

Taimaka Assad

By hunturu na shekarar 2012 shi ya riga ya bayyana cewa rikicin Siriya shi ne cikakken fledged yaki. A kira na taimakon gwamnatin Syria ta saurãri dogon-tsaye masõya, wanda, bayan da "Arab Spring" zauna ba sosai. Iran ta kasance mai girma goyon baya ga Assad. Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta aike da soja mashawarta daga cikin shahararrun sabis IRGC ga horo mayakan sa kai. Da farko, gwamnatin watsi da wannan ra'ayin, da tsoron cewa uncontrolled paramillitaristskie kungiyoyin za su kawai karfafa tsanani a cikin wani jama'a. Amma bayan da asarar manyan yankunan a arewa fara tara makamai "Shabiha" (daga Larabci - fatalwa). Wannan musamman mayakan da suka yi rantsuwa amincewa ga Assad.

Har ila yau daga Iran da kuma sauran kasashen zo maharan "Hezbollah". Wannan yana dauke da kungiyar 'yan ta'adda a kasashe da dama a Turai da kuma a Amurka. Wakilai daga cikin "Party of Allah" (gundarin fassarar "Hezbollah") ne Islama Shi'a. Su halarci dukkan manyan fadace-fadace, domin suna da yawa kwarewa da yaƙi. A makamai rikici ya tãyar da jama'a kishin kasa da yawa a cikin mazaunan yammacin ɓangare na Syria. Suka fara rayayye shiga proasadovskim kwantar da tarzoma kungiyoyin. Wasu raka'a ne kwaminisanci.

Labarinsa na yakin basasa a Siriya a fili yana nuna cewa mafi girma Ɗaukaka faru bayan farkon waje baki. A shekarar 2013, yankin Shamy (Syria gargajiya sunan) ya kasu kashi da dama sassa. Tsananin fadan da yada tsõro da ƙeta a tsakãninku da yawan jama'a, wanda ya haddasa halittar da yawa daban-daban kungiyoyin, da yawa daga cikinsu suna fada da shi a gefe daya, sa'an nan a kan sauran.

LIH

A 2014, duniya koya daga cikin kungiyar 'yan ta'adda "Islamic State of Iraq da kuma Levant". Wannan kungiyar ta bayyana fiye da 10 da suka wuce, bayan da mamayewa na sojojin Amurka a Iraki. Na farko, shi ne wani reshe na al-Qaeda, kuma ba shi da tsanani da tasiri. Da zarar da makamai rikici a Siriya ya fara samun lokacinta, LIH kama wasu Iraqi ƙasa kuma Shamy. A kafofin na kudade da ake kira Arabian magnates. Tsanani gefe a cikin yaki LIH ya biyo bayan kama Mosul.

Don yin wannan, shi ya ɗauki su ne kawai 'yan dubu mayakan. Game da mutane 800 suka shiga cikin ƙasa na birnin, kuma suka kangare a lokaci guda tare da farko na waje. Bugu da ari, a lokacin rani na 2014 LIH kama da yawa ƙauyuka a yankin Mosul, da kuma sanar da halittar wani Khalifanci. Da iko da bayar da shawarwari LIH jawo ra'ayinsu magoya bayan daga ko'ina cikin duniya. A cewar daban-daban kimomi, da yawan mayakan iya isa 200 dubu mutane. Bayan kama kusan wata uku na Syria radicals fara kiran kansu kawai "Islamic State", yin saiti ga samuwar a duniya ta ilmi.

A IG yãki rayayye ta yin amfani da abin da ake kira shahidai - kunar bakin wake. A misali makirci na kai hari kan abokan gaba tushe fara da kai hare-hare. Bayan haka, za a fara kai farmaki da masu kishin Islama da taimakon haske sulke da motocin da SUVs. IG ma sa m amfani da yaƙin yaƙi, kai hare hare soja da fararen hula a gida gaban. Alal misali, a Iraq suna "dayansu Raafidis". Yan bindiga dress a cikin siffar na Iraqi soja da kuma shirya kai hari a kan membobin gwamnatin da kuma sauran abokan adawar. Wadanda san cewa sun fadi a hannun masu kishin Islama, kawai bayan da aka kama shi.

Ko da yake IG abubuwa a kan ƙasa na kasashe da dama, manazarta sun yarda da cewa halittar da irin wannan kungiya shi ne rikicin Siriya ya generated. A dalilan da ake kira daban-daban. Mafi na kowa version - shi ne sha'awar da Persian wadanada su mika ta tasiri a cikin yankin gabas ta tsakiya.

International ta'addanci

"Musulunci jihar da" m, a wani iri-iri na kai harin a sassa daban daban na duniya. Fiye da 80 daga cikin wadanda aka aka kashe bayan wani hari a kan wani hotel a Tunisia. A cikin kaka na shekara ta 2015 da manufar da mayakan ya France. A hari a kan Editorial jirgin na mujallar "Charly Edbo", wanda aka buga majigin yara Annabi Muhammad, ya saman topic na duniya, kafofin watsa labaru. Faransa gwamnatin ta tabbatar da cewa bayan harin 'yan ta'adda za su dauki mataki mai matakan tsaro. Amma duk da wannan, a cikin Nuwamba a Paris ya aka sake kai hari. Da dama kungiyoyin halshen fashe da m harbi a kan tituna. A sakamakon mutuwar 130 mutane, fiye da 300 aka ji rauni mai tsanani.

Oktoba 31, a Sinai sashin fado jirgin kasar Rasha. A sakamakon, inda suka kashe mutane 224. A 'yan sa'o'i bayan kasa da kasa da kafafen yada labaran kasar game da bala'i, da ra'ayoyi "Musulunci jihar da" ya dauki alhakin lamarin.

Da muhimmancin da Kurdistan

Kurdawa - shi ke 30 da mutane miliyan a gabas ta tsakiya. Sun kasance a cikin zuriyar Iran-magana kabilu. Mai Kurdawa - matsakaici musulmai. Mutane da yawa Kurdish al'ummomi rayuwa a matsayin wadanda mutane al'umma. Har ila yau, wani babban kaso na Kiristoci da kuma mabiya sauran addinai. A Kurdawa suna da nasu zaman kanta a jihar, amma da yankin da mazauna gargajiyance kira Kurdistan. Syria a kan taswirar Kurdistan ne babban ɓangare.

Kurdawa sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin wani ɓangare na uku a cikin Syria yakin basasa. Gaskiyar cewa wannan al'umma shekaru da yawa fafitikar neman mulkin kai. Tun da farkon rikicin, a 2011, da wani ɓangare na Kurdawa goyon anti-zangar. Da zuwan da IG Kurdish yankin ƙasar ya karkashin barazana kama. Musulunci radicals sun wahalshe mutanen dake wurin, wanda ya ƙawãtar masa rayayye shiga cikin wani jerin "Peshmerga". Wannan sa-kai tsarin na rare kariyar kai.

Sun ji dadin babba goyon baya daga sauran Kurdistan. A Ma'aikata 'Party, wanda abubuwa a kan ƙasa na Turkey, a kai a kai aika masu sa kai da kuma taimakon kudi. Turks an rayayye fafitikar da wannan kungiyar, saboda shi ya razana kasar yankunanta. A Kurdish 'yan tsirarun da ke sa up game da 20% na jimlar yawan Turkey. Kuma aware sentiments fi a cikinsu ba. A babban ɓangare na Kurdish kungiyoyin da'awar leftist ko m kwaminisanci ra'ayoyi da ba su dace a cikin nationalistic ciki rate Shugaba Erdogan. A cikin sahu na Peshmerga kullum zo leftist sa kai daga ƙasashen EU (yafi Jamus da Spain) da kuma Rasha. Wadannan mutane ba su yi shakka ba hirarraki da Western latsa. Reporters sau da yawa tambaya, me yasa yaki a Syria, ya tilastawa matasa su bar kasashen. A cewa maza alhakin m kirari da muhawara game da "duniya gwagwarmaya na aiki aji."

Amurka Aikin: Siriya yaki

Irin wannan wata babbar rikici ba zai iya taimaka amma kama da ido na United States of America. A contingent na NATO da sojojin na dogon lokaci tsaya a Iraki. Daga cikin sosai farkon rikicin States bayar da gagarumin taimako ga kasar Syria yan adawa. Shi ne kuma daya daga cikin na farko sanya takunkumi a kan Assad gwamnati. A 2013, {asar Amirka yi magana game da yiwuwar wani kai tsaye mamayewa amfani ƙasar kungiyar, amma sai watsi da ra'ayin karkashin matsin lamba daga Rasha.

A 2014, United States matsayin wani ɓangare na antiterrorist kawance fara saka bom, a matsayi na Islamic State. Kusa da Siriya ne daya daga cikin babban masõya daga cikin Amirkawa a Gabas - Turkey. Kurdish mayakan ya sha nanata zargi da hadin kai hare-hare a kan su a matsayinsu da shi da sunan harin IG.

Syria rikici: Rasha ta rawa

Rasha ya ma aka hannu a wani yakin basasa tun da aka kafa ta. A Rasha a Syria ne kawai barikin soji. Kuma tare da Assad gwamnati ta kafa dangantakar abokantaka, wanda mika daga lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet. Rasha, tare da Korea ta Arewa, Iran da kuma Venisueloy, samar da taimakon soji da dakarun gwamnati. Duka wannan yana yi don kiyaye zaman lafiya a yankin. A 2014, Rasha ta fara daukar mataki a cikin Sham. A kawai 'yan makonni da aka muhimmanci ƙãra sojojin.

ƙarshe

Jigon da rikicin Siriya ne don kokarin waje jihohi domin tabbatar da ko inganta matsayinsu a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Musulunci jihar sau da yawa ya zama kawai a hujjar gabatarwar sojojin a cikin Syria. Amma hakikanin hanyar da abokin gaba da sada zumunci da gwamnatoci, a yankin. A wannan batu a cikin yakin basasa za a iya raba 3 tsanani karfi cewa ba zai iya lashe kuma kada ku yi nufin su rasa. Saboda haka, rikici zai ci gaba na dogon lokaci.