Roman Katolika: tarihi, description, da kuma shugaban mai tsarki

Zai yiwu daya daga cikin mafi girma Kirista majami'u ne Roman Katolika. Yana diverged daga janar shugabanci na Kiristanci ko da a cikin m farkon ƙarni na da ya faru. The kalmar "Katolika" da aka samu daga kalmar Helenanci "duniya" ko "duniya". Don ƙarin bayani game da asalin na coci, kazalika da fasali da muka tattauna a wannan talifin.

asalin

Tarihi na Roman Katolika fara da 1054, a lokacin da abin ya faru a, wanda ya kasance a cikin tarihin kira "Great sãɓãni kawai sabõda". Duk da yake Katolika kada musu ba cewa dukan abubuwan da suka faru kafin tsaga - da su tarihi. Just daga wannan lokacin suka tafi nasu hanyar. A cikin wannan shekara da sarki da kuma Paparoma musayar barazana haruffa da kuma ci amanar juna zamani haramun. Bayan cewa Kristanci ƙarshe raba da kafa biyu igiyoyin - Orthodoxy kuma Katolika.

A sakamakon tsaga na Kirista coci tsaya fitar Yammacin (Katolika) shugabanci, wanda shi ne cibiyar na Roma, kuma Eastern (Orthodox), a tsakiya a Konstantinoful. Hakika, da bayyana dalilin wannan events sun bambance-bambance a yaudarar da canonical al'amura, kazalika da liturgical da horo, wanda ya fara tun kafin wannan ranar. Kuma wannan shekara, bambancin ra'ayi da kuma rashin fahimta peaked.

Duk da haka, a gaskiya shi ya yawa da zurfi, kuma yana da ba kawai da bambance-bambance na akidun da canons, amma kuma da saba adawa tsakanin shugabanni (ko da coci) game da ƙasar kwanan nan baftisma. Har ila yau, a kan 'yan adawa sosai karfi da tasiri da unequal matsayi na shugaban Kirista da kuma sarki na Konstantinoful, a sakamakon rabo daga cikin Roman Empire, shi da aka raba biyu sassa - gabas da yamma.

A gabashin ne ya fi tsayi kula da su 'yancin kai, don haka da sarki, ko da yake ya kasance karkashin iko da sarki, amma yana da kariya a fuskar jihar. West ma daina wanzuwa riga a cikin V karni, Paparoma samu wani mataki na samun 'yancin kai, amma kuma damar da za su kai farmaki da jahili jihohin da ka fito daga tsohon Western Roman Empire. Kawai a cikin tsakiyar Sabunta karni, Paparoma gabatar ƙasar, wanda ta atomatik sa shi a wadanda mutane sarki.

A halin yanzu baza Katolika

Don kwanan wata, Katolika - shi ne mafi yawa reshe na Kristanci, abin da yada a duniya. Domin shekara ta 2007 a kan wannan duniya tamu, akwai game da 1.147 biliyan Katolika. The most yawan su ne a Turai, inda kasashen da dama wannan addini ne na jihar ko rinjaye a kan wasu (France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Poland, da sauransu.).

A nahiyar Amirka, Katolika yadu ko'ina. Kamar yadda mabiya wannan addini za a iya samu a cikin Asian nahiyar - a cikin Philippines, Gabas Timor, China, Korea ta Kudu, Vietnam. A kasashen musulmi, da yawa Katolika, amma mafi yawansu ba su zauna a Lebanon. Su ma kowa a nahiyar Afrika (daga 110 zuwa 175 da miliyan).

Ciki management naúrar na Church

Yanzu ya zama dole su yi la'akari da abin da yake cikin administrative naúrar na shugabanci na kiristanci. Paparoma na Roman Katolika - shi ne mafi girma da iko a matsayi, kazalika da iko a kan Laity da limaman. Zabe shugaban Roman Katolika a cikin conclave wannan kwaleji ta Kadina. Yawancin lokaci, shi ya rike ta da iko har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa, fãce istinbadi kai musu. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin Katolika koyarwa Paparoma ne dauke da karɓar daga Manzo Bitrus (da ya, a bada Yesu ya umurci kula da dukan coci), don haka da ikon da yanke shawara ne marar kuskure, kuma gaskiya.

Bugu da ari, a cikin tsarin da coci yana da wadannan mukamai:

• Bishop, firist, Irena - mataki na aikin firist.
• Cardinal, Akbishop, Primate, Lardi, da dai sauransu - ecclesiastical darajõji, kuma mukamai (akwai da yawa more).

Yankin raka'a a Katolika wadannan:

• Mutane daya-daya majami'u kira eparchies, ko dioceses. Bishop Mataimakin Shugaban kasa a nan.
• Special Diocese na muhimmancin, da ake kira Archdiocese. Led by su Archbishop.
• Wadanda majami'u waxanda ba su da matsayi na diocese (ga duk abin da dalili), da ake kira apostolic gwamnatoci.
• Da dama dioceses shiga tare suna kira Lardi. Su cibiyar ne diocese, bishop wanda yana da daraja na Lardi.
• Parishes - ne kafuwar kowane coci. Suna kafa a cikin guda wuri (msl, wani karamin gari), ko saboda janar kabila, da harshe, da bambance-bambance.

Data kasance coci bikin

Ya kamata a lura cewa Roman Katolika yana da bambanci a cikin ayyukan hajji a lokacin da sabis (amma har yanzu akwai hadin kai a cikin bangaskiya da kuma kyawawan dabi'u). Wadannan rare ayyukan hajji:

• Latin.
• Lyon.
• Ambrosian.
• Mozarabic, da dai sauransu

Su bambanci iya zama a cikin wasu horo al'amura, a cikin harshen da ake so a karanta sabis, da dai sauransu

Zuhudu umarni a matsayin wani ɓangare na coci

Saboda da m fassarar da canons na Church da kuma allahntaka akidun Roman Katolika na da game da ɗari da arba'in addini umarni a cikin abun da ke ciki. Su tarihi, har yanzu suna da wani nisa tsufa. Mun jera mafi sani daga cikin Order:

• Augustinians. Its tarihi fara kewaye da V karni tare da rubuce-rubuce na doka na St. Augustine. Direct samuwar Order ya faru da yawa daga baya.
• Benedictines. Yana da farko da ƙa'ida kafa zuhudu domin. Wannan taron ya faru a farkon na VI karni.
• Hospitallers. Knightly domin, wanda ya fara da 1080 a wani Benedictine m Gerard. Addini Order na shatan sun bayyana ne kawai a 1099.
• Dominicans. Mendicant domin, wanda ya kafa Dominic de Guzman, a 1215. Dalilin da ya halitta - gwagwarmaya da karkata koyarwarsa.
• Jesuits. Wannan Trend da aka kafa a 1540 ta Paparoma Paul III. Ya burin zama prosaic: yaki da girma motsi na Protestantism.
• Capuchins. Wannan tsari da aka kafa a Italiya a shekara ta 1529. Its manufa ta farko shi ne guda - gwagwarmaya tare da canji.
• Carthusians. A farko sufi na Order da aka gina a 1084, amma ya amince ne kawai a 1176-m.
• Templars. Soja umarni, watakila mafi kyau da aka sani, kuma tana tattare da a Sufi. Bayan wani lokaci bayan halittar zama mafi soja fiye da zuhudu. The ainihin manufar da aka kare mahajjata da Kiristoci daga Musulmi a Urushalima.
• Teutons. Wani soja-zuhudu domin wanda ya kafa ta Jamus Jihadin Krista a 1128.
• A Franciscans. A Order aka halitta a 1207-1209 shekaru, amma aka amince ne kawai a 1223-m.

Bugu da kari ga umarni a cikin cocin Katolika ne da ake kira Uniates - wadanda mũminai, waɗanda suke kiyaye su gargajiya bauta, amma shi ya ɗauki Katolika bangaskiya, kazalika da ikon da shugaban Kirista. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Armenian Katolika.
• Redemptorists.
• Belarushiyanci Girkanci cocin Katolika.
• Romanian Greek-cocin Katolika.
• Rasha Orthodox cocin Katolika.
• Ukrainian Girkanci cocin Katolika.

tsarkakansa coci

Kasa za mu dubi abin da su ne shahararrun tsarkaka na Roman Katolika:

• St. Ioann Bogoslov.
• Saint. Stefan Pervomuchenik.
• St. Karl Borromeo.
• St. Faustina Kowalska.
• St. Jerome.
• St. Grigoriy Veliky.
• St. Bernard.
• St. Augustine.

Ba kamar da cocin Katolika daga Orthodox

Yanzu, game da abin da Rasha Orthodox Church da kuma Roman Katolika coci bambanta da juna a cikin zamani version:

• Domin da Orthodox Church ta hadin - shi ne imani da kuma sharu ɗ, kuma ga Katolika a nan suna kara da cewa da rashin kuskuren da Paparoma da inviolability na iko.
• Domin da Orthodox cocin Katolika - shi ne kowane gida coci, wanda aka karkashin jagorancin wani bishop. Don Katolika, shi ake bukata don sadarwa tare da Ikklesiyar Katolika ta Roma.
• The Orthodox Ruhu Mai Tsarki Saide daga wurin Uba kadai. Katolika - daga uba da Ɗan.
• A Orthodoxy saki yiwu. Katolika suna haramta.
• A Orthodoxy, babu irin wannan abu a matsayin A'araf. Wannan akidarsu shelar Katolika.
• Orthodox gane halattar da Virgin Mary, amma sun ƙaryata ta m ganewa. Katolika da akidarsu cewa Virgin Maryamu ta haifi kawai kamar Yesu.
• The Orthodox da al'ada da cewa ya samo asali a cikin Rum. A Katolika, akwai yalwa da su.

ƙarshe

Duk da wasu bambance-bambance, Roman Katolika ne har yanzu yana da 'yar'uwa a cikin bangaskiya ga Orthodox. Rashin fahimtar juna a baya shared da Kiristoci, su juya su a cikin m abokan, amma wannan ya kamata ba ci gaba a yau.