Romanticism matsayin wallafe-wallafen motsi. Romanticism a cikin adabi na karni na 19th

Wannan ya kwarara ne daya daga cikin manyan m events a cikin al'adu na XIX karni a Rasha, Turai da kuma Amurka. Romanticism matsayin wallafe-wallafen motsi haifa a cikin marigayi XVIII karni, amma kai ta mafi girma ci gaba a cikin 1830s. Tun da farkon 1850s, da lokaci ya fara shiga cikin ƙi, amma da zaren an ja ta cikin dukan XIX karni, ba wani dalilin, a fannoni irin symbolism, lalacewar da neo-romanticism.

Ana zargin romanticism

Dauke da haifuwa daga cikin shugabanci na Turai, musamman kasar Birtaniya da kuma Faransa, Saboda haka da sunan m shugabanci - «romantisme». Dalilin shi ne cewa romanticism na karni na 19th fito a matsayin mai sakamako na Faransa juyin juya halin.

A juyin juya halin lalace dukan matsayi wanzu a baya, dama al'umma da kuma zamantakewa strata. Mutumin ya fara jin m, da kuma fara neman kwanciyar rai a cãca, kuma sauran nisha. Da wannan bango, kuma da ra'ayin cewa duk rayuwa ne a wasan da akwai cin nasara, kuma mãsu hasãra. Babban gwarzo na wani romantic aiki na kowane zama mutumin wasa da rabo, da makoma.

Mene ne Romanticism

Romanticism - yana da wani abu da ta wanzu ne kawai a littattafan: m, m da dama mamaki, a lokaci guda hade da tabbatarwa daga cikin mutum ta hanyar da na ruhaniya da kuma m rayuwa. Yafi da abubuwan da ke faruwa a kan backdrop na nuna so, duk haruffan sun bayyana da haruffa, su sukan bai wa wani m ruhu.

A marubuta na da Romantic zamanin sa girmamawa a kan gaskiya cewa babban darajar a rayuwa - wani mutum ta ainihi. Kowane mutum - a raba duniya cike da ban mamaki kyakkyawa. Shi ne daga can duk kõma wahayinMu, kuma sarauta maɗaukaka sentiments, kuma akwai yiwuwar za a idealize.

Bisa ga mawallafa, da manufa - ra'ayi na ephemeral, amma duk da haka yana da hakkin ya wanzu. Manufa shi ne bayan duk talakawa, don haka babban harafin da ra'ayoyin su a kai tsaye tsayayya da su yau da kullum dangantaka da abin duniya.

rarrabe siffofin

Features na Romanticism matsayin wallafe-wallafen motsi ne kamar yadda na asali ra'ayoyi da kuma rikice-rikice.

Babban ra'ayin kusan kowace samfurin - m motsi gwarzo a jiki sarari. Wannan hujja kamar yadda ya nuna rikice na rai, shi ci gaba halin yanzu tunani da kuma a lokaci guda - da canje-canje a duniya a kusa da shi.

Kamar da yawa m ƙungiyoyi, Romanticism na da rikice-rikice. A nan, da dukan ra'ayi dogara ne a kan hadaddun dangantaka da protagonist tare da waje duniya. Shi ne sosai kai-a tsakiya da kuma a lokaci guda tawaye da mummũnan, maras ɗa'a, kayan abubuwa na zahiri da cewa ko ta yaya bayyana a cikin ayyukansa, tunani da kuma ra'ayoyin da hali. Mai furta a cikin wannan girmamawa da wadannan misalai na adabi romanticism: saurayi a lokacin Harold - babban harafin da "yaron Harold ta Pilgrimage" Byron da Pechorin - daga "Hero of Our Lokaci" Lermontov.

Idan muka taƙaita sama, shi dai itace cewa tushen kowane irin samfurin - da rata tsakanin gaskiya da kuma idealized duniya cewa yana da sosai da kaifafan gefuna.

Romanticism a Turai adabi

Turai romanticism na karni na 19th ne na ƙwarai cikin abin da a mafi yawan ayyukan da ya yi da wata dama tushe. Wadannan suna da yawa ba dama Legends, short labaru da kuma litattafan.

Babban kasashen da suke da romanticism matsayin wallafe-wallafen motsi ya fi impressively, suna Faransa, Birtaniya da kuma Jamus.

Wannan m sabon abu yana da dama, saukarwa:

1. 1801-1815 shekaru. Fara gina romantic ilmi.
2. 1815-1830 shekaru. Ana zargin da flourishing mana, da definition na asali postulates wannan shugabanci.
3. 1830-1848 shekaru. Romanticism aka saye da more zaman jama'a form.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan kasashen ya sanya da kansa, musamman taimako ga ci gaban da ya ce al'adu sabon abu. A Faransa, da romantic wallafe-wallafen ayyukan da siyasa canza launi, marubuta sun maƙiya a sabon bourgeoisie. Wannan jama'a, a cewar Faransa Figures, hasãra da mutuncin mutum, da kyakkyawa da kuma 'yanci na ruhu.

A cikin Turanci hadisin Romanticism wanzu for quite wani lokaci, amma har ƙarshen XVIII karni bai tsaya fitar a matsayin wani jinsin wallafe-wallafen motsi. Turanci aiki, da bambanci ga Faransa, cike da gothic, addini, kasa, almara, al'adu, baƙauye da kuma ma'aikata 'ƙungiyoyi (ciki har da ruhaniya gabar). Bugu da kari, English litattafan da lyrics cika da tafiya zuwa ƙasashe masu nisa da karatu na kasashen waje asashe.

A Jamus Romanticism matsayin wallafe-wallafen motsi an rinjayi idealist falsafa. Sansanonin karfe individuality da kuma 'yancin mutum raunana feudalism da kuma ji na sararin samaniya a matsayin mai rai tsarin. Kusan kowace Jamus aiki ne Ribar da tunani a kan samuwar dan'adam da kuma rayuwar ruhunsa.

Turai: misalai na ayyuka

Daga cikin mafi m ayyukan Turai wallafe-wallafen ayyukan da wadannan an dauke su a cikin ruhu na Romanticism:

- da rubutun "Genius Kiristanci", da labarin "Atala" da "Rene" Chateaubriand.

- litattafan "Dabbar", "Corinna, ko Italiya," Germaine de Stael.

- labari "Adolf" Benjamin Constant.

- labari "Confessions na wani Child na Century" Musset.

- labari "Cinq-Mars," Vigny.

- manifesto "Gabatarwa" zuwa samfurin, "Cromwell", labari "Notre Dame de Paris" Hugo.

- wasan kwaikwayo "Henry III da kotu", a jerin litattafan game da Musketeers, "The Count na Monte Cristo" da "Koroleva Margo" Dumas.

- litattafan "Indiana", "Wayfarer", "Horace", "Consuelo" Zhorzh Sand.

- manifesto "Racine kuma Shakespeare" Stendhal.

- da waka "Old Sailor" da "Kristabel" Coleridge.

- "Eastern waka" da "Karin" Byron.

- wani tarin ayyukan Balzac.

- labari "Ivanhoe" Valtera Skotta.

- tale "Hyacinth kuma Rose" labari "Heinrich von Ofterdingen" Novalis.

- tarin na gajejjeran labaru, tatsuniyoyi da labarai na Hoffmann.

Romanticism a Rasha adabi

Rasha romanticism na karni na 19th samo asali karkashin tasiri kai tsaye daga kasashen yammacin wallafe-wallafe. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, shi yana da halaye, wanda yana ajiye turbar gabata lokaci.

Wannan m sabon abu a Rasha cikakken nuna m ma'aikata da kuma yunkuri ƙi ga mulki bourgeoisie, musamman, don ta hanyar rayuwar - unbridled, lalata, kuma m. Rasha romanticism na karni na 19th ne kai tsaye sakamako na m yanayi da kuma jira na da muhimmanci turakun a cikin tarihin kasar.

alama biyu trends a cikin adabi na lokaci: da m da ƙungiyoyin. A farko da aka bisa ga bayanin da kuma bincike na ji da motsin zuciyarmu, na biyu - a kan gabatarwa da yaki da zamani al'umma. Janar da kuma babban ra'ayin duk da mawallafa irin su ne da cewa wani mawãƙi ko wani marubuci ya nuna hali bisa ga waɗanda akida wanda ya bayyana a cikin ayyukansu.

Rasha: Misalan ayyuka

A mafi daukan hankali misalai na Romanticism a Rasha adabi na XIX karni - shi ne:

- tale "Ondine", "The fursuna na Chillon", da Ballad "Sarkin Forest", "Fisherman," Zhukovsky "Lenora".

- ayyukan "Eugene Onegin," "Queen of spades" by Pushkin.

- "The Night Kafin Kirsimeti" by litattafan Gogol.

- "A Hero of Our Lokaci" Lermontov.

Romanticism a wallafe-wallafen Amirka

A Amirka, da Trend ya dan kadan daga baya cin: da farko shi Dates baya ga shekaru 1820-1830, da follow - 1840-1860 shekaru na XIX karni. A duka biyu manzilõli, da m rinjayi da rundunar tashin a Faransa (wanda ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa halittar Amurka), don haka kai tsaye da kuma a America (da yaki don samun 'yancin kai daga kasar Birtaniya da kuma yaki tsakanin Arewa da Kudu).

Artistic shugabanci a American Romanticism wakilta biyu jinsin: da abolitionist, nemawa kwata 'yanci daga bauta, da kuma gabashin, idealized Plantation.

Wallafe-wallafen Amirka na wannan lokaci dogara ne a kan ilmi ba, kuma Alamar rashin nau'o'i kama daga Turai da kuma gauraye da asali hanyar da taki na rayuwa a yanzu sabon da kuma kadan matsahi na saba da babban yankin. American ayyukan richly flavored kasa irin murya, ji na 'yancin kai da kuma gwagwarmayar neman' yanci.

American romanticism. misalai na kayayyakin

- jerin "Alhambra" labaru "fatalwa amarya", "Rip Van Winkle" da kuma "The Legend of barci M," Washington Irving.

- labari "The Last na Mohicans" by James Fenimore Cooper.

- waka "The Raven", da labaru "Ligeia", "Golden irin ƙwaro", "A Fall na House of Usher" da sauran E. Allan Poe.

- labari "The Scarlet Letter" da kuma "The House na Bakwai Gables" Gorton.

- labari "Typee" da "Moby Dick" Melville.

- labari "Uncle Tom ta gida," Harriet Beecher Stowe.

- wani poetic labari na "Evangeline", "The Song of Hiawatha", "courtship na Miles Standish," Longfellow.

- wani tarin "ganyen Grass," Whitman.

- muqala "Woman a cikin karni na sha tara" by Margaret wanki.

Romanticism matsayin wallafe-wallafen motsi ya mai karfi da tasiri a music, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma zanen - isa ya tuna da yawa wasanni da kuma hotuna na wancan lokacin. Wannan ya faru yafi saboda halaye irin yankunan a matsayin babban ilmi da kuma tausaya, pathos da heroism, jarumtan da idealization na bil'adama. Duk da cewa da shekaru Romanticism ya fairly short-rayu, ba zai shafi shahararsa na littattafai da aka rubuta a cikin XIX karni, a cikin shekaru goma - da wallafe-wallafen ayyukan art na zamani auna kuma suna aukaka ta jama'a zuwa wannan rana.