Sau biyu Hero na Tarayyar Soviet Makarov Oleg Grigorevich: biography, nasarori da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Talented mutum, a masanin, sanannen zane injiniya, cosmonaut Oleg Grigorevich Makarov ne digirorin girmamawa jama'a na birnin jihohi uku: Yakutsk (Rasha Federation), Dzhezkazgan (Kazakhstan), kuma Rivne (Ukraine). A farkon aikinsa ya zo daidai da shekara, wanda aka dauke farkon zamanin nazarin sararin samaniya. Shi ne a cikin shekara ta 1957, tarayyar Soviet ta kaddamar da farko a duniya wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam. Kuma a asalin wannan muhimmin taron shi ne sa'an nan matasa da kuma ba a sani ba Makarov Oleg Grigorevich.

biography

Awards wannan mutumin ne da yawa. Ya kasance sau biyu Hero na Tarayyar Soviet: a shekarar 1973 da kuma shekarar 1978. Oleg Grigorevich Makarov aka haife a kan shida Janairu 1933 a Tver yankin a Udomlya karamin kauye na wannan yanki. Mahaifinsa serviceman, sabili da haka, layi na wajibi sukan koma daga wuri zuwa wuri. Lokacin da ya kasance game da shekara bakwai, iyalinsa koma Moldova, inda shi ne a farkon yakin duniya na II. Uwar da kananan Oleg aka kwashe farko a Saratov, sa'an nan a cikin Fergana, Uzbekistan. Daga 1943 zuwa 1945 da suka rayu a cikin Tver yankin a kauyen Kesova Gora. Bayan da yaki, mahaifinsa ya koma zuwa Weimar a Jamus. Akwai Makarov Oleg Grigorevich zauna tare da iyalinsa daga shekarar 1945 zuwa 1949-th. Weimar iyali koma ga Ukrainian birnin Rivne. A nan a shekarar 1951, yaron kuma gama goma sa makaranta.

matasa

Makaranta shekaru Oleg Makarov ya faru a wani wuya yaki da kuma postwar shekaru. M tafiya zuwa inda ba wanda yake zaune wurare inda saurayin da kullum samu amfani da sabon yanayi da kuma horarwa, sun bar su da alãmarsu a kan halinsa. Amma a shekarar 1951, a lokacin da rai da kuma kudi halin da ake ciki Makarov iyali fiye ko žasa koma ga al'ada, da iyaye miƙa ta dan zauna a cikin Rivne kuma akwai je kwaleji.

Nazarin a Baumanke

Amma riga ta kafa wani m hali saurayi ya ce a cikin yanke shawara. Makarov Oleg Grigorevich ya zaɓi wani mafi wuya hanya. Ya yanke shawarar zuwa Moscow da kuma shiga mafi girma tehuchilische su. Bauman. Wannan makarantar sakandare yaro koya daga jami'an da suka yi aiki tare da mahaifinsa.

A babban birnin kasar, Oleg hadu dan uwansa. Eugene a lokacin da aka yin karatu a karshe a shekara ta Mei. Yaron ya taimaka wa wa a kusa da wani wanda ba a sani birni domin.

Fara na sana'a aiki

The saurayi shiga jami'a da kuma shi ne da karatu. Ya diploma gudanar da aiki da shi ya faru a cikin OKB-1, wanda baya aka nasaba, ya biography. Oleg Makarov bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a cikin shugabanci da aka dauka daidai a cikin wannan shiri kamar yadda injiniya.

Kusan duk aikinsa aiki ya faru a cikin kungiyar. Shahararren zane hukumar karkashin jagorancin kansa, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Ya nan da nan na son wannan Makarov.

Oleg G. yi aiki a kan ci gaban roka da kuma sarari kayan aiki injiniya tsarin, ya dauki wani aiki sashi a ƙasa, kuma jirgin gwaje-gwaje. Shi ne co-marubucin rahoton a kan halittar Duniya ta tauraron dan adam da cosmonaut a kan jirgin. Makarov ya dauki wani kai tsaye sashi a aiwatar da tasowa a na ra'ayi zane na wani manned "Vostok", haka ma, ya umarci aiki a kan kyautata na jirgin. Yau akwai 'yan mutane, har ma da farko jirgin cikin sarari gudanar yin haka da yawa domin sarari, kamar yadda Oleg G ..

Jobs in injiniya detachment

A farko sa na cosmonauts ya fara a 1960. A na farko da kungiyar sun kawai soja matuka. Matsayi naúrar a Moscow yankin, a inda a yau aiki Cosmonaut Training Center. A wannan wuri ne wani karamin gari da aka gina, aka sani a duniya a matsayin Star. Daga baya ya dauki zuwa tashi da sosai gwani injiniyoyi. A sakamakon haka, an kafa wata ƙungiyar. Yana kunshi injiniyoyi, 'yan saman jannati da kuma cosmonauts-bincike. Tare da albarkar da Sarauniya a cikin tawagar bayan wani sosai tsaurara likita jarrabawa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1966 da kuma Makarov Oleg Grigorevich - xan sama jannatin, wanda ya je ta da wuya sosai, kuma m dogon shiri lokaci kafin da mafarkinsa na tashi a cikin iyaka sararin samaniya da aka cika.

watã shirin

Tun 1967 Makarov zuwa 1968, tare da A. Leonov da aka shirya za su tashi zuwa da watã. Amma bai faru. Lunar shirin da aka rufe don yawan dalilai, shugaban jarumawan da suke da makamai masu linzami da hadarin a lokacin da suka jefa unmanned. Yana ba su zama da tashi Makarova a DOS-2 - da dogon lokacin da tashar.

A farko sarari gwajin

Makarova mafarki ya zama a bude sarari ba su zama har 1973. Kawai a cikin shekara ta arba'in da ranar tunawa da Oleg G. sanya ta farko jirgin. Ya kasance a sarari har kwana uku (27-29 Satumba). The ƙungiya kunshi mutane biyu: wata Makarov - wani jirgin injiniya na kumbon sama jannati "Soyuz-12", kuma Lazareva. Wannan jirgin, da yawa kira na musamman. The cewa ya kasance na farko bayan da ban tausayi hadari a shekara ta 1971, wani jirgin tare da cosmonauts V. Volkov, G. Dobrovolsky da V. Patsaeva a kan jirgin.

Makarov da Vladimir Lazarev ya duba duk zane yanke shawara da kuma yin fasaha inganta, kazalika fuskanci latest kara. Flight ƙare nasara. Domin heroism da kuma ƙarfin hali na Makarov Oleg Grigorevich aka bayar da suna Hero na Tarayyar Soviet.

hatsari

wannan ƙungiya gaba jirgin kusan cika a bala'i. Na biyar a watan Afrilu 1975 roka da Makarov da Lazarev tafi a kan jirgin nasarar daga Baikonur jefa shafin. Duk da haka, idan aka sanya a cikin sarari guda faru gaggawa. Haka ya faru a lokacin da kumbon sama jannati da ke a cikin ƙasa, a wata tsawo kusan ɗari biyu kilomita. Abin farin, jawo gaggawa ceto tsarin. A sakamakon haka, da 'yan saman jannati a kan saukarsa kwantena fita. A halin da ake ciki ya catastrophic. 'Yan saman jannati sun tsaya ashirin sau obalodi, wanda a baya babu wanda ya sha. An yi imani da cewa mutum jiki ne da ba su dace da irin wannan. Duk da haka, Oleg Grigorevich Makarov (cosmonaut), kamar yadda, lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, kuma VG Lazarev, aka haka da horar da cewa zai iya tsira. Crew ga ƙarfin zuciya aka bayar da Order of Lenin.

Da zarar kunshe a cikin tarihin na ba-adam gwajin flights gaba Makarova da Lazarev kasance a karkashin wani babban tambaya. Duk da haka, ya ba zaton haka, Oleg G .. Ya girma so da kuma karfi da hali a hade tare da lafiya mai kyau ba shi damar yin sama jannatin yana da biyu sarari flights. Duk da haka, wani na biyu ƙungiya memba VG Lazarev ya daina shiga.

Ci gaba a wajen nazarin sararin samaniya

Makarova dauki jirgin gaba a Janairu 1978, a lokacin da ya zama wani jirgin injiniya ne a sararin "Soyuz-27" isa a cikin dogon lokacin da tashar "Salyut-6". The ƙungiya shi ma V. Janibekov. A kan tashar kasance 'yan saman jannati Romanenko da Grechko.

Karo na farko a cikin tarihin na sarari bincike dama a kan kusa-Duniya kewayewa sarari hadaddun aka harhada, da ciwon tsawon game da talatin mita, da kuma nauyi - talatin da tonne. Yana kunshi wani sarari tashar da biyu manned kumbon sama jannati. Dandana 'yan saman jannati kammala su aiki daidai kuma yana da m bincike aikin. Yana wani mataki ƙara da duration spaceflight. Haka abin ya fara aiwatar da samar da wani sarari a cikin babbar bincike wurare. Domin wannan jirgin Makarov samu a karo na biyu ya samu lambar "Gold Star".

Ya karshe spaceflight Oleg G. jajirce yana da shekaru arba'in da takwas. Manufar wannan balaguro da aka gyara na da thermal kula da tsarin na dogon lokaci orbital tashar. Duration shekara goma sha uku kwanaki. The aiki ya wuce yarda da kalubale, amma 'yan saman jannati sun jimre da shi.

ban sha'awa facts

A 1980, Oleg G. kare rubutun ga mataki na dan takarar fasaha kimiyyar. A shekarar 1986, ya aka fitar ga kiwon lafiya dalilai daga oda, koma zuwa ga babban injiniya. A garinsu na RSC "Energia", ya rike matsayin mataimakin shugaban.

Tare da matarsa, Valentina Soldatovoy Oleg Grigorevich hadu a shekarar 1960, da OKB-1. A wannan shekara ya aure. A shekarar 1961 da biyu na farko yaro da aka haife. Gaba daya Makarov 'ya'ya biyu maza. A 1998, Olegu Grigorevichu sanya a CDB zuciya tiyata, amma ya kasance ba iya cikakken warke. Ya mutu sau biyu Hero na Tarayyar Soviet Makarov Oleg da ashirin da takwas a watan Mayu 2003 at ya dacha waje Moscow. Ya kasance da saba'in da daya da shekaru. Oleg G. binne shi a Moscow Ostankino hurumi.

Makarov bai ci gaba da wani sirri archive, amma iyalinsa ya iya tattara wata babbar adadin kayan da wuce da su zuwa ga Space Museum. Mafi yawa daga cikin aikin da za'ayi da 'ya'yansa maza, taimaka da abokan aiki daga hukumar.