Semenovskaya matryoshka: tarihi, description da kuma sa hannu. Semenov master fentin nesting tsana 1600

Semenovskaya matryoshka - ji sunan wannan aiki na gwaninta, duk tuna da gida na Khokhloma zanen, master bushes, gwani sana'a na itace sassaƙa. Da farko matryoshka ya ba na farko na dukkan Masters, amma har abada girman kai a cikin jama'a crafts na birnin Semenov na Nizhny Novgorod yankin. Toy bambanta kyakkyawa da musamman launi.

Semenovskaya matryoshka - daya daga cikin mafi musamman da kuma mafi recognizable alamomin na Rasha. Yana bayyana wannan tsaraba a karshen cikin XIX karni, lokacin da kasar ta tarihi, da yawa ya canza halin, canza al'adu da Rasha mutane. An blooming zamanin "Slavic style" a wannan lokaci. The girma sha'awa cikin sabon zane-zane, duk da haka, farfado da tsoho da sana'o'i.

Mene ne wani nesting yar tsana?

Idan ka yi kokarin ba da maanar wannan wasa, shi zai ce wani abu kamar: Matryoshka - Rasha katako yar tsana, a ciki na wanda aka saka kamar shi, bambanta da juna a cikin size da kuma zanen, kamar matryoshka tsana.

A farko wannan abun wasa da aka yi da itace da aka gabatar da su ga mutane a cikin nau'i na takwas interlaces girls - boys, da suke riƙe da a hannuwansu baki zakara haka kananan tsyplyatok, kuma na karshe daya, da karami, da aka sanya a cikin wani nau'i na swaddled baby. All takwas tsana da aka fentin da haske launin Paints da jama'a motifs. Na yanke na farko matryoshka Jagora Toy VP Zvezdochkin da fentin da SV Malyutin.

Tarihi na halitta

Samar da ayyukan art a cikin "kasa style", sanannun artists, cabinetmakers, kuma sau da yawa hayar ma'aikatan dauki wani samfurin na sauran mutane ta toys. Akwai fashion ga dukan Japan, saboda samfurori na Oriental art kira a lokacin da mafi girma da ban sha'awa. Sa'an nan, da kuma shi da aka kawo wa ƙasarmu progenitor na Rasha nesting tsana.

Daga cikin Japan birnin Honshu aka kawo figurine na wani Buddha Sage - Fukurumu cikin wanda da dama daga cikin guda, kawai karami da aka kashe. Mafi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa wannan na farko aikin art sassaka a Rasha m, ta hanyar mu'ujiza kama a tsibirin na Japan.

A cewar masana tarihi, Semyonov matryoshka, wanda tarihi ya fara a karni na 19th, aka halitta a surar Fukurumu, shi ne ya adadi ya zama wani abin koyi ga Rasha toys.

symbolism

Semenovskaya matryoshka - wata alama ce mata, karfi da lafiya mace. A yar tsana, wanda daukawa da dukan iyalin, kuma wata alama ce da haihuwa.

Mace - iyaye, Homemakers. Uwar yi aiki tuƙuru don duba bayan yara, kula da arziki, ga shi bukatar karfi hannuwansu da kiwon lafiya, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa Semyonov nesting yar tsana ya dubi sosai-ciyar da kuma blooming.

Nested tsana alamar karfi iyali, tallafawa juna da kuma ruhaniya kusanci.

Me sunan "matryoshka"

Bayyana sunan Rasha toys iya, ta hanyar bincika duk da wadannan abubuwa. Matryoshka, Matrona, Matryosha - tushen kalmar ne na Latin asalin. Mathes Latin zahiri fassara a matsayin "uwa", shi ne ban sha'awa da cewa wasu ma'anar kalmar aikata ba.

Matryoshka - wani wanda aka samu da sunan Mary, Manya, Marie. Wannan shi ne yadu amfani da sunan ga Slavs a dukan lokaci.

Matryoshka - da sunan addinin Buddha aljanna Matri.

Har abada a cikin tarihi na

A Duniya Nunin a Paris a shekarar 1900 Rasha matryoshka lashe duniya yarda, bayan wanda ta samar haura kan tudun, kamar yadda bukatar ya karu sau da yawa. Kuma Semenov - wani gari na katako kayayyakin - ya fara yin sabon tsarabobi. Semenovskaya matryoshka, da tarihi na halitta wanda ya kawai ya fara, ya zama mafi mashahuri, kamar yadda na gida sana'a sun sauƙi soma da kwarewa a Manufacturing katako, toys, kammalã da fasahar amfani da haske launuka ga zanen.

Da farko, da master niƙa, sa'an nan fentin tsana a gida, sa'an nan a cikin nazarinsa, da kuma daga baya ya fara aiki a factory, cika manyan umarni.

Semenov kira "babban birnin kasar Lozhkarev" Rasha da kuma nesting tsana ba a farko a samar da katako kayayyakin. Suka sanya daga vata spoons sanya. A tsawon lokaci, al'amurra daga kewayen birni Masters kwarewa a Manufacturing Rasha nested tsana, gida sana'a sanya su halayyar siffofin a cikin hoton Semyonov nesting yar tsana. Hoton na da wani haske abun wasa zama recognizable, shi ne samun shahararsa ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma kasashen waje.

Haihuwa na toys

Haife farko Semyonov nesting yar tsana, wanda ya gaya labarin halitta a cikin wata kasida da a cikin Semenov gundumar a kauyen Old Muminai - Merinova Nizhny Novgorod yankin. Mutane da yawa mazauna Merinova sanã'anta, alhãli kuwa sayar da katako kayayyakinsa, m kwalaye na daban-daban siffofi, samar cinikayya surkulle juya toys, sa'an nan nested tsana.

Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1929, nesting tsana da aka kerarre a m Semenovskiy style - tare da wani musamman zanen, tare da da wani tsari, da iri a Zavolzhsky katako art. A farko master-Toy, wanda ya sanya wadannan tsana sun vaginas mafi tsufa merinovskie sana'a. Su na farko tsana da aka sanya a kan model na wannan toys na Nizhny Novgorod - bearded tsohon maza da mustaches a.

Wani merinovsky master - Toy Mayorov, ya kawo gida guda yar tsana daga Nizhny Novgorod, kawai cewa an komai harsashi, duka biyu ciki da waje. Babbansu ya na master fentin yar tsana a kansa tare da shi a Rasha sundress da haske ja furanni a kan gaba-gaba, "sanye" ta kai haske kokoshnik. Kuma aka fentin a merinovski tsana, da kyau, tare da merinovskoy zanen bayyana, kuma a musamman irin wannan wasan yara. Kamar wancan ne aka haife sabon abu Semyonov nesting yar tsana.

Tare da su, Semenov kara babban adadin wasu katako amusements. Artists fentin su duk a cikin wannan style Khokhloma zanen. Zane a kan surface na katako, kayayyakin sun farko ne mai sauki, amma a ƙarshe ado da cikakken haske launuka, mafi hadaddun abubuwa, kara more kayan lambu alamu. Semenovskaya katako matryoshka zama da kyau sosai, kuma m.

Kamar yadda ya yi nesting tsana

Matryoshka - yar tsana ne da m ciki. Riga shi ya sa ka yi mãmãki, game da babban basira na sana'a, shi ya aikata. Nested yar tsana kasuwanci ne da wuya sosai, na bukatar mai girma da yawa na fasaha da kuma hakuri. Ba kowane irin itace ne dace da masana'antu, don haka ya zabi na itace master ƙwarai da gaske. Sau da yawa amfani da kankara kamar yadda Birch, Linden, Aspen, wani lokacin shi ne alder. A itacen da aka sare a marigayi hunturu, ko farkon spring. Zabi mai santsi ganga, ba tare da kullin, to, wanda aka sawn a cikin da dama rajistan ayyukan, sa'an nan kuma cire haushi da kuma itacen ba zai crack lokacin da bushe, da gefuna ana smeared tare da lãka. Bayan wani ajiya katako a wata rijiya-ventilated daki na dogon lokaci shi bushe, amma ba desiccate. "Tree zobba - shi ne abin da muke bukata." - in ji maigida, kuma ko da jami'in dake duba yawan da shi ga wari. M da kere ƙungiyoyi ya grinds da ake so siffar da samfurin, da sosai farko matryoshka sa da karami. Gama machined adadi sanded, primed da kuma goge. Kawai sai a fara zuwa cin surface, ta amfani gouache, watercolor, acrylic ko fenti.

M kyakkyawa zanen

Semenov fentin nesting tsana sanya a cikin shahararrun Semenovskiy Khokhloma style amfani pictorial abubuwa da motifs na zamanin d Rasha. Wannan waje na ado abubuwa taka muhimmiyar rawa a samar da tsarabobi.

A farko tsana da aka sanya don baƙauye yara, don haka unpretentious fentin alamu. Tare da wani wasa Goose gashin tsuntsu artists amfani da contours daga cikin fuska da kuma tufafi, sa'an nan duk na abubuwa da aka fentin da aniline dyes mai haske tabarau na mulufi, Crimson, blue, kore da kuma shunayya, da launukanku. Dalili Semyonov nested yar tsana zanen - manyan haske launuka, shugaba tare da pock, da'irori, bakuna, kadan furanni. Sama fentin matreshkas amfani Layer na kakin zuma, lacquer aka daga baya amfani.

Wannan ya shafi gargajiya nesting tsana Semenov, yayin da a kan lokaci ya fara bayyana tsaraba tsana a cikin gaye "Rasha style", wanda silhouettes suna cike da tarihi mutane ( "Taras Bulba", "Napoleon", "Kutuzov"). Sau da yawa fuskantar nesting tsana ya zama shahararren mutane daga cikin sarakunan iyali ( "The Romanov iyali"), da boyars, da marubuta ( "litattafan Gogol", "Pushkin", "fuka-fuki") da kuma heroes of su da labaru da kuma tatsuniyoyi ( "The turnip", "Gingerbread").

Folk gãdon ƙasa

Domin da yawa Semenov nested yar tsana art zama hereditary abu. Semenov shagunan, abun wasa yadin da aka saka da m sõyayya a daya factory. A shekarar 1954 akwai wani hadin gwiwa m "Toy", wanda aka sake tsarafa cikin wani factory riga a 1960. Daga wannan lokaci kan shi ne samar da Multi-nesting tsana, tsana an sanya daga 18, 25 nested tsana. Mutane da yawa-nested tsana da aka sanya a cikin shahararrun abubuwan da babban kwanakin.

Semenov master fentin nesting tsana 1600

Musamman zanen Semyonov matryoshka lura da wannan rana. Original tsarabobi "Semenovskaya zanen" factory abin mamaki da tsari. Kwanan Semenov master fentin a 1600 na tsana, amma ba su daina. A matsayin kyauta, wannan abun wasa ya kasance kullum, kuma za su zama mai kyau ba a kan ƙasa na kasar, da kuma kasashen waje. Wannan ya nuna da kasa da kasa shahararsa ta Rasha nesting tsana.