Shahararren Lake Baikal (takaice)

Ƙaramin tsara iya rubuta cikakken aiki "fiye da sanannen Lake Baikal?" 4 na makarantar sakandare bar a cikin memory ba sosai bayanai. Wannan ne mafi zurfi lake a duniya - ce mutane fiye da arba'in. Amma wannan ba kawai nuna alama, wanda nuna Lake Baikal a cikin category zakarun. To, bari mu ɗaukaka bayanin a kan wannan lu'u-lu'u na Rasha. Ba mamaki da lake kira alfarma Sea! An dauke da zama na musamman da halittar uwa yanayi, girman kai da kuma na kasa taskar Rasha.

Baikal a matsayin halitta abu da aka hada a 1996 ta UNESCO a ashirin zaman na Duniya Heritage na Mutumtaka jerin (a lambar 754). Mene ne bambancinsa da wannan lake? Wannan za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Inda aka located kuma sanannen Lake Baikal (takaice)

Wannan halitta janye ne kusan musamman a tsakiyar Asia. A kan taswira na kasar mu lake located in Eastern Siberia, a cikin mafi kudancin shi. Administratively, shi Forms da iyakar da ke tsakanin Jamhuriyar Buryatia da Irkutsk yankin na Rasha Federation. Baikal ne don haka babban abin da shi ne a bayyane ko da daga sarari. Blue jinjirin shi lullube daga kudu maso yammacin zuwa arewa maso gabashin. Saboda haka, da mazauna yankunan ne sau da yawa ba da ake kira Baikal lake da kuma teku. "Baigal Dalai" - don haka girmamawa kira shi da Buryats. A tsarawa daga cikin tafkin ne 53 ° 13 'arewa latitud da kuma 107 ° 45' gabas longitude.

Shahararren Lake Baikal? Bari mu dubi daban-daban sigogi.

zurfin

Don fara da gaskiyar. Baikal ne ba kawai mafi zurfi lake a duniya, amma kuma mafi m nahiyar ciki. Wannan lakabi aka tabbatar da kimiyya karatu gudanar a shekarar 1983. A mafi zurfi ma'ana a cikin tafkin - 1642 mita sama da ruwa surface - yana da tsarawa 53 ° 14'59 "arewa latitud da kuma 108 ° 05'11" gabas longitude. Saboda haka, cikin ƙananan batu na Baikal ya ta'allaka ne a 1187 mita kasa teku matakin. A ruwa surface na lake yana da wani tadawa na 455 mita sama da tekuna.

A talakawan zurfin da lake ne ma ban sha'awa: ɗari bakwai da arba'in da huɗu mita. Biyu kawai tabkuna a duniya, yana da wani kudi na wani kilometer tsakanin ruwa da kuma kasa daga cikin madubi. Wannan ne da Caspian Sea (1025 m) da kuma Lake Tanganyika (1470 m). A mafi-mafi bayyanannun - wancan ne abin da ya shahara Lake Baikal. A Turanci a Google a cikin yawan sau uku zakarun samun wani Gabas. Wannan lake da aka samu a Antarctica. Yana yana da zurfin fiye da 1200 mita da kuma sama da ruwa surface yakan hudu kilomita na kankara. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa da nesa tsakanin kasa da kasa na Gabas ne fiye da dubu biyar mita. Amma wannan jiki na ruwa ba mai lake a cikin saba ma'anarta. Ã'a, shi ne boye (kankara) ruwa tanki.

girma

A fannin wannan tafki na 31.722 murabba'in kilomita. Wannan shi ne, girman da lake ne quite m ga irin kasashen Turai kamar Switzerland, Belgium, ko The Netherlands. Lake tsawon ɗari shida da ashirin da kilomita, da kuma fadin dabam tsakanin 24-79 km. A wannan yanayin, da bakinta lullube ga dubu biyu da ɗari kilomita. Kuma cewa ke ba kirgawa tsibiran!

Girma - wannan shi ne abin da ya shahara Lake Baikal, kuma ko da yake wannan bai sa shi ya fi, babbar a duniya. Amma kandami daukan girman kai a cikin takwas wuri daga cikin Refayawa. Gaba ne Caspian Sea (wanda shi ne ma a lake, albeit m), saman a Amurka, Victoria, Huron, Michigan, Aral "teku", kuma Tanganyika.

m shekaru

Baikal - tafkin tectonic asalin. Wannan ya bayyana ta rikodin zurfin. Amma lokacin da akwai wani tectonic Laifi? Wannan tambaya ne har yanzu tsakanin masana kimiyya ke dauke bude. A bisa ga al'ada, da shekaru ne m da lake a cikin 20-25 shekaru miliyan. Wannan adadi alama dama. Bayan da lake "rayuwa" a wani talakawan na game da goma, a kalla goma sha biyar shekara dubu. Sa'an nan alluvial adibas, silty sediments tara da canza duka yanayin kasa. Lake ya jũya a cikin wani fadama, kuma shi ne, bayan ƙarni, a cikin makiyaya. Siberians amma kyau domin da longevity. Kuma sanannen Lake Baikal, don haka shi ne ya ci-gaba da shekaru.

Ba dole ne a ce cewa Siberian giant ne ma na musamman ga wasu sigogi - Hydrological. Baikal ciyarwa game da ɗari uku koguna, da kuma gudana daga shi daya ne kawai - da Angara. Kuma wani bambancinsa: girgizar kasa aiki a cikin tectonic laifinsu. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a kan tushe na tafkin akwai girgizar kasa. A gaskiya ma, su masu auna sigina gane game da dubu biyu a shekara. Amma, wani lokacin, da kuma manyan rayerayen duniya. Alal misali, a shekara ta 1959 a farkon kasa lake ya ragu game da goma sha biyar mita.

A mafi abin tunawa gida mazauna Kudarinskoe girgizar kasa a 1862, lokacin da ruwa ya bar wata babbar bantara na ƙasar (200 sq. Km) tare da kauyuka shida, sanaki goma sha uku da ɗari mutane. Wannan wuri ne a yankin Neja Delta na da Selenga River yanzu ake kira Gulf of gazawar.

A musamman sabo ruwa tank

Duk da cewa da lu'u-lu'u na Siberia ne kawai na takwas a duniya a size, cikin sharuddan ƙara ruwa shi da ke shiga gasar. Shahararren Lake Baikal a wannan batun? Mafi yawa daga cikin ruwa ne a cikin Caspian Sea. Amma akwai shi ne m. Saboda haka, Baikal za a iya kira da undisputed shugaban. Ya ƙunshi 23 615.39 cubic kilomita na ruwa. Shi ne game da ashirin bisa dari na jimlar stock dukkan tabkuna a duniya. Domin nuna muhimmancin wannan adadi, muna tunanin cewa mun kasance iya rufe dukkan ɗari uku na ƙõramu sunã gudãna a cikin lake. Amma ko da daga baya, da Angara zai dauki mutum ɗari uku da tamanin da bakwai ga lambatu cikin lake.

A musamman Fauna da Flora,

Baƙuncin shi ne gaskiya cewa, duk da girma zurfin Lake Baikal, a cikin tafkin akwai wata kusa-kasa ciyayi. Wannan shi ne saboda da girgizar kasa aiki a ƙarƙashin tectonic ciki. Magma heats kasa yadudduka da enriching su tare da oxygen. Irin dumi ruwa yakan up da sanyi - tsallake. Da rabi na 2.600 jinsin dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke da zauna cikin ruwa, - endemic. Mai mamaki masana kimiyyar Baikal hatimi. The kawai dabba bace lake zaune 4000 kilomita daga marine takwarorinsu, kuma da saba da ruwa tare.

Yana da wuya a ce wanda kifi sanannen Lake Baikal mafi. Zai yiwu shi golomlyanka. Ta - viviparous. Its jiki ƙunshi har zuwa kashi 30 cikin dari kitse. Kuma ta mamakin masana kimiyya da kullum na hijira. Shoals na kifi da ake tãyar ga abinci a cikin duhu acan karkashin ruwa m. Har yanzu rayuwa a cikin tafkin Baikal sturgeon, omul, whitefish, Grayling. A kasa ake rufe da ruwa tare Sponges.

Tsabta da kuma bayyana ruwa

Tare da irin wannan ruwa surface, da kuma gaban kusa masana'antu Enterprises zai zama ma'ana su yi tunanin cewa Lake Baikal ne datti. Ba a bit na shi! The ruwa a nan shi ne ba cewa sha da kuma kusa da distilled. Yana iya zama ba tare da tsoron sha. A taimaka Lake samoochistitsya crustacean epishura. Wannan darajar ne endemic a rabin millimeter halitta aikin tace aiki: wuce da ruwa ta hanyar da kanta, digesting duk datti. A sakamakon haka, da pebbles a kan kasa za a iya gani a gani ɓoyayye. Ruwa tsabta zuwa arba'in mita - wancan ne abin da ya shahara Lake Baikal. Hotuna da wannan musamman ruwa jiki nuna majestic kyau na ruwan tekun Atlantika yanayi. Yana dogara da mu ko zamu kiyaye shi ga ƙarshe.