Shin sunayen mahaifiyar sunyi sujada a Rasha? Shin sunayen mahaifi na maza da yawa sun lanƙwara?

Daga makaranta, mutane da yawa sun koyi ka'idar cewa lokacin da ake magana da rubutu, sunayen jarirai na mata ta hanyar shari'ar ba su saba, kuma namiji - a akasin haka, kamar adjectives kamar haka. Shin duk abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma ko sunaye sunaye sun shiga cikin Rashanci - wannan shine batun wannan labarin, bisa ga jigon L.P. Kalakutsk, aka buga a shekarar 1984.

Muhimmancin matsalar

Akwai lokuta da dama da rubutun kalmomin kirki da kuma dacewa da furcin sunaye a wasu lokuta masu mahimmanci:

• Yaro ya fara karatu a makaranta, kuma yana buƙatar shiga takardar rubutu ko diary daidai.
• Wani saurayi ko wani mutum tsufa an ba shi takardar digiri ko takardar godiya.
• A wani mummunan lamari, sun sanar da bayyanar ko bayyanar mutum da sunan mai lakabi. Yana da m idan an gurbata.
• A lokacin da zana takardun takardu (takardar shaidar, difloma) ko shirya kayan aiki don kafa dangantakar iyali (a kotu, a sanarwa).
• Ku san ko namiji sunaye ba su da haɓaka, yana da wajibi ne ga mutane da yawa da suka shafi zane na fayilolin mutum ko wasu takardun kasuwanci.

Surnames na Rasha

Mafi na kowa Surnames a Rasha - tare da suffixes - CK (-tsk) s (-ev) a cikin (-yn): Razumovsky, Slutsky, Ivan Turgenev, Mukhin, Sinitsyn. Dukansu suna jin tsoro, kamar adjective talakawa, a cikin mace da namiji. Togiya - Surnames Female, -in, karshen abin da na prepositional hali ne da ɗan daban-daban daga gargajiya.

Harkokin waje sunayen da kari na baya baki -in (-yn) kuma suna da wani mismatch da Rasha instrumental hali. Ka yi la'akari da misalin:

Labule ko namiji sunan on th debe kari na baya baki - CK, wanda ake samu a Rasha (Tolstoy, m, bushe)? Wasu (a cikin kimiyya suna aiki a fannin ilimin jima'i yana da cikakkiyar jerin sunayen su), suna sauƙin canzawa ta hanyar sharaɗi kamar adjectives tare da kwatancin irin wannan.

Sunayen sunayen Ukrainian

Mafi shahara Ukrainian sunan - a kan -enko kuma ko: Bondarenko, Lucko, Molodyko. Idan ka dubi wallafe-wallafen Rasha, sa'an nan kuma a cikin ayyukan fasaha (AP Chekhov, misali), marubuta sun kyauta sosai a rubuce a cikin namiji da kuma cikin jam'i: "Bari mu je ziyarci Bondarenkas".

Wannan ba gaskiya bane, saboda rubutun aikin hukuma ya bambanta da ayyukan fasaha da kuma jawabi. Amsar wannan tambaya na ko maza ayan Ukrainian Surnames - EHKO kuma ko, sauki - babu. Misali:

• Ina rubutu zuwa Oleg Bondarenko.
• Tana da wani al'amari tare da Ivan Luchko.

Kuma wannan ya shafi dukkanin sunaye na asalin Ukrainian, ko da yake kamar Alekhno, Rushailo, Soap, Tolokno. Ba ramammu a kan surname -ago, -ovo, -yago: Vodolaga, Durnovo, Dubyago. Kuma yaya game da wadanda suka kawo ƙarshen masu yarda?

Sunan marubucin mai amfani shine k

Tarihi, suffixes -uk (-yuk) ya nuna ko dai wani aboki ko na ginin jumla asalin: dan Ivan - Ivanchuk, Mataimakin Cooper - Bondarchuk. Zuwa mafi girma, sun kasance a cikin ɓangaren yammacin Ukraine, amma an rarraba su a cikin dukan mutanen Slavic. Shin namiji sunaye suna lanƙwasa?

Bisa ga dokokin na Rasha mata sunayen ba su canza a lokuta, amma maza, kawo karshen a wani baƙi (da togiya - karshen -their, -S), ya jingina a kan wani m-akai:

• Na rubuta takarda ga Olga Dimitryuk.
• An gayyace ni in ziyarci Igor Shevchuk.
• Na kwanan nan ya ga Sergei Ignatyuk.

Bisa ga canzawa ta hanyar shari'ar da dukan sunayen sunadaran da sunaye sun bayyana: Mole, Wolf, Wind, Pillar. Akwai wani basira a nan: idan sunan Slavic ne, to, zabin da aka samo a cikin tushen ba a kiyaye shi ba. A cikin ikon yana da muhimmanci a rubuta shi, kodayake yawancin kafofin ba su la'akari da yadda ake furtawa ba daidai bane ba tare da shi ba. Alal misali, za ka iya la'akari da sunan Zayats. An fi sau da yawa aka furta: "Ta kira Ivan da Hare". Wannan ya halatta, amma mafi daidai: "Ta kira Ivan da Hare."

Fadada zuwa Ukraine da kuma sunayen kan -tuples, -IR: Pochinok, Gorelik. Sanin mulki cewa duk maza sunayen da baƙaƙe a karshen canji a lokuta, yana da sauki amsa tambaya ko ramammu maza sunayen kan -k:

• Ta zo gidan Ilya Pochinka (a nan da wasali ya ɓace).
• Ya san Larisa Petrik.

Baya ga bin doka

A Slavs sukan samu a karshen cikin iyali ne da (-S): Black, Ilyinskikh. A cikin farkon rabin karni na 20, sunayen mahaifi maza tare da irin waɗannan lokuta sau da yawa canzawa ta hanyar shari'ar. Yau, bisa ga ka'idojin harshen Rashanci, wannan kuskure ne.

Asalin wadannan sunayen sunaye daga jam'iyyun suna bukatar adana su:

• Ya yi musabaha tare da Bitrus Bela ta.

Ko da yake akwai sauti mai kyau a ƙarshen, wannan batu ne ga tsarin da kake buƙatar sanin lokacin da kake amsa tambayoyin ko sunayen namiji sun karkata.

Quite tartsatsi ne kawo karshen kan -H: Stojkovic, Rabinovich, Gorbach. Ga ka'idojin gaba ɗaya:

• Ana jiran ziyarar a Semyon Rabinovich.
• Wani abin kwaikwayon Anna Porhach yana son shi sosai.

Surnames Armeniya

Armeniya ƙananan ƙasa ne wanda yawancin mutane ya wuce mutane miliyan 3. Amma game da 8.5 miliyan. Diaspora rayuwa a cikin wasu kasashe, haka Armenian Surnames ne sosai na kowa. Su sau da yawa za a iya gano ta gargajiya karshen - ha (Yang): Avdzhan, Dzhigarkhanyan. A zamanin da, akwai wani karin tsaoho nau'i na iyali: -ants (-yants) -unts, wanda a yau shi ne yada a kudancin Armenia Kurants, Sarkisyants, Tonunts. Shin sunan mutumin Armeniya ya lanƙwasa?

Yana ƙarƙashin ka'idodin harshen Rashanci, wanda aka riga aka ambata a cikin labarin. Yanan sunayen sunayen maza da ke da alaƙa a ƙarshen, bisa la'akari da lalacewa ta hanyar harka:

• tare da Armen Avdzhanom (a cikinsa "tare da Anush Avdzhan");
• Na duba cikin fim starring George Tonuntsa (da "film starring Lily Tonunts").

Ƙarewa a kan Vowels

Kasance canzawa maza sunayen, idan sun kasance, ko da kuwa su asalin ko wakilinsa na musamman kasa, kawo karshen a cikin wadannan vowels: kuma, s, v, w, e, f Example :. Gandhi Dzhusoyty Shoigu, Camus, Maigret, Manet. A wannan yanayin, ba kome ba ne, an ƙarfafa damuwa akan farko ko ma'anar ƙarshe. Wannan ya haɗa da Moldovan, Indiya, Faransanci, Georgian, Italiyanci da Turkic sunayen. Misali: "Kwanan nan, ya karanta Littafin waqoqi Shota Rustaveli." Amma idan maza suna karkata zuwa sunan - da kuma (I)?

A nan akwai dukkan zaɓuɓɓuka, saboda haka yana da kyau a gabatar da su a teburin:

Don ƙarfafa sanin ko maza suna karkata zuwa sunan - da yayi wani algorithm cewa zai iya zama a cikin sauki.

Jamus sunaye

Asalin sunayen sunaye Jamus sune kama da tarihin su a wasu jihohi: yawanci ya samo daga sunayen mutane, sunayen geographic, sunayen laƙabi ko aiki na masu ɗaukar su.

Gudun yankin Volga na Jamus a cikin karni na 18 ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa rubuce-rubuce a Rasha an yi su ne da kurakurai, da yawa sunayen sunaye tare da rikice-rikice a cikin ɗaya ko biyu haruffa. Amma, a gaskiya, dukansu, tare da ƙananan ƙananan, sun ƙare a wani mai amsa, don haka lokacin da aka amsa wannan tambayar ko namiji sunaye sunaye ne, za a iya faɗi da tabbaci: a. Ware su ne: Goethe, Heine, Otto da sauransu, kawo karshen a wani wasali.

Tun da sunaye sunaye sun bambanta a yanayin, ya kamata a bambanta su daga Slavic. Bugu da kari da na kowa, kamar Muller, Hoffmann, Wittgenstein, Wolf, akwai su ƙarewa: Dietrich, Freundlich, Ulrich. A Rasha Surnames kafin -their wuya m baƙaƙe, mallaka m nau'i-nau'i. Wannan shi ne saboda a cikin harshe akwai kusan babu adjectives tare da irin wannan mahimmanci. Slavic sunayen sunaye, ba kamar Jamusanci ba, kada ku dogara (Fifth, Borovsky).

Idan a karshen -b ko -y

The mulki ta hanyar abin da mutãne ayan sunan, da ciwon kamar yadda akai a cewar babu karshen, kuma ya shafi waɗannan lokuta inda karshen da aka sa -B ko th. Sun canza tare da lokuta a matsayin kalmomin da suka danganci ƙaddarar ta biyu. Duk da haka, a cikin instrumental hali ne musamman ƙarewa - om (da shi). An san su a matsayin kasashen waje. Don amsa wannan tambaya na ko maza ne karkata zuwa sunan da -B th, la'akari da wani misali:

• Nominative (wanda?): Vrubel, Gaidai.
• Genitive (na wa?): Vrubel, Hyde.
• Dative (wanda?): Vrubel, Gaidai.
• Accusative (wanda?): Vrubel, Hyde.
• Instrumental (da wanda?): Vrubel, Gaidai.
• Prepositional (ga wanda?): Game da Vrubel game Gaidai.

Akwai bambanci ga mulkin. Don haka, kada ku durƙusa sunayen mahaifi (Pelmen) masu rikitarwa, kuma ku yi daidai da sunan yankin (Uruguay, Taiwan). Ko da taushi alamar tsaye bayan wani sizzling (Night, Mouse), sunan mahaifi jingina namiji version.

Surnames biyu da yawa

China, Vietnam da Koriya sun bambanta da gaskiyar cewa mazauna suna da sunayen sunayen da ya kunshi kalmomin da yawa. Idan sun ƙare a cikin wani maƙasudin, sun bi bisa ka'idodin dokoki, amma sashi na karshe. Misali:

• Muka karɓa shi, Kim Chen Ira.

Rasha biyu Surnames suna karkata a garesu da janar sharudda:

• Hoton Petrov-Vodkin;
• Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Nemirovich-Danchenko.

Idan ɓangaren farko ba sunan laƙabi ba ne, amma yana aiki a matsayin ɓangare, bazai canza ta hanyar shari'ar:

• Ter-Hovhannisyan ta tashi;
• samfurin Demuth-Malinovsky.

Idan namiji mazaunan wasu ƙasashen waje ba su da hankali, ya dogara ne bisa ka'idodin harshe na Rasha, wanda aka ambata a cikin labarin. Batutuwa ta yin amfani da nau'in jujjuya ko iri ɗaya a cikin rikodin mutum biyu ya kasance wanda bai dace ba.

Single da yawa

A waɗanne hanyoyi ne ake amfani da jam'i, kuma abin da ɗayan yake shine mafi kyaun gani daga tebur:

Mataye masu suna, ba kamar mata ba, suna da yawa, amma akwai lokuta da dama da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin labarin, lokacin da ba su da mawuyacin canji. Babban mahimmanci shine ƙarshen kalma da asalin sunan marubuta.