Sarkar abinci a cikin gandun daji. Babban ra'ayi da misalai

Yawancin halittu masu rai suna ciyar da abinci na abinci, wannan shine ainihin ayyukan rayuwarsu a duniya. Daga cikin wannan abinci da tsire-tsire, da naman sauran dabbobin, kayayyakin su na aiki da kwayoyin halitta, suna shirye don lalata. A sosai aiwatar da ikon a jinsuna daban na shuke-shuke da dabbobi faruwa a hanyoyi daban-daban, amma ko da yaushe kafa da ake kira food sarƙoƙi. Sun canza kwayoyin halitta da makamashi, kuma abubuwan gina jiki zasu iya tafiya daga mutum zuwa wani, ta hanyar aiwatar da wani abu mai siffar abubuwa.

Supply sarkar a cikin gandun daji

An rufe gandun daji iri daban-daban da yawa daga ƙasa. Waɗannan su ne huhu da kayan aikin tsarkakewa na duniya. Ba abin ban mamaki ba ne cewa masana kimiyya da 'yan gwagwarmaya na yau da kullum masu cigaba da yanzu sun kasance akan lalata katako. Yankin abinci a cikin gandun daji na iya zama bambanci, amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya ƙunshi fiye da 3-5 links. Domin mu fahimci ainihin tambayar, bari mu juya zuwa ga sassan da za'a iya amfani da shi.

Masu samar da masu amfani

1. Na farko shine kwayoyin tsaka-tsakin da ke ciyar da abinci maras kyau. Suna amfani da makamashi da kwayoyin halitta don ƙirƙirar jikinsu, ta hanyar amfani da gas da salts daga yanayin su. A matsayin misali - shuke-shuke masu tsire-tsire masu hasken rana ta hanyar photosynthesis. Ko kuma yawan nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta dake rayuwa a ko'ina: a cikin iska, a cikin ƙasa, cikin ruwa. Masu samarwa sun kasance mafi yawan haɗin farko na kusan kowane sarkar abinci a cikin gandun daji (misalai za a ba su a ƙasa).
2. Wadannan su ne kwayoyin halitta wanda ke ciyar da kwayoyin halitta. Daga cikin su - shine na farko da aka tsara wadanda suke kai kayan abinci kai tsaye a kan tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire, masu sana'a. Umurni na biyu - wadanda suke cin abinci na dabbobi (carnivores ko carnivores).

Tsire-tsire

Tare da su, a matsayin mulkin, jerin abinci a cikin gandun daji fara. Su ne haɗin farko a cikin wannan sake zagayowar. Bishiyoyi da shrubs, ganye da mosses cire kayan abinci daga abubuwa marar kyau, ta amfani da hasken rana, gas da kuma ma'adanai. Hanyoyin abinci a cikin gandun daji, na iya farawa tare da birch, abin da zomo ya ci, kuma, daga bisani, ya kashe kuma ya ci kurkuku.

Dabbobin daji

A cikin gandun daji masu yawa da yawa akwai dabbobi da ke ciyar da abinci na abinci. Hakika, da ruwan sama daji, misali, shi ne sosai daban-daban a kan cika ƙasar tsakiyar band. A cikin birane, nau'o'i daban-daban na dabbobi suna rayuwa, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da lalacewa, sabili da haka sun zama hanyar haɗin na biyu na abincin abinci, ciyar da abinci akan abinci. Daga giwaye da rhinoceroses zuwa ƙananan kwari, daga amphibians da tsuntsaye zuwa dabbobi masu shayarwa. Don haka, a cikin Brazil, alal misali, akwai fiye da nau'o'in butterflies 700, kusan dukkanin su suna da lalata.

Alamar, hakika, fauna ne a cikin gandun daji na tsakiyar yankin Rasha. Haka kuma, da wadata da sarkar zabin a cikin gauraye gandun daji ne da yawa kasa. Kwayoyin cuta da zomaye, sauran rodents, dors da moose, hares - wannan shine tushen wadannan sarƙoƙi.

Ma'aikata ko carnivores

An kira su, saboda suna cin nama, suna cin naman sauran dabbobi. A cikin sarkar abinci yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci, sau da yawa shine haɗin ƙarshe. A cikin gandun daji ne Foxes da Wolves, owls da gaggafa, wani lokacin - bears (amma a gaskiya su ne omnivorous dabbobi da za a iya ci da shuka da dabbobi abinci). A cikin abincin abinci zai iya zama a matsayin daya, kuma da dama sharuddan, cin abinci da juna. Maɓallin rufewar, a matsayin mai mulkin, shi ne mafi girma da kuma mafi girma carnivore. A cikin gandun daji, wannan aikin zai iya yin, alal misali, ta kerkuku. Wadannan magoya ba su da yawa, kuma yawancin su suna iyakance ga tushen abinci mai gina jiki da makamashi. Tunda, bisa ga dokar kiyaye kariya ta makamashi, canzawar kayan abinci daga hanyar haɗi zuwa na gaba zai iya rasa har zuwa 90% na kayan. Zai yiwu, sabili da haka, adadin hanyoyin da ke cikin yawancin abincin abinci ba zai iya wuce biyar ba.

Scavengers

Suna ciyar da sauran kwayoyin. Abin damuwa sosai, su ma suna da yawa a cikin yanayi: daga microorganisms da kwari ga tsuntsaye da dabbobi. Yawancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyi, misali, amfani da gawawwakin sauran kwari har ma magunguna kamar abinci. Kuma kwayoyin cuta zasu iya rarraba gawawwakin mambobi a cikin gajeren lokacin. Kwayoyin Siffar suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a yanayi. Suna halakar da kwayoyin halitta, sun canza shi a cikin abubuwa marar kyau, sake watsi da makamashi, ta amfani dasu don ayyukansu masu mahimmanci. Idan ba masu tsaro ba ne, to tabbas jikin jikin dabbobi da shuke-shuke da suka mutu har abada zasu rufe su.

Misalai na abinci, sarƙoƙi a itace

Don yin jerin abinci a cikin gandun daji, kana buƙatar sanin game da wadanda ke zaune a wurin. Kuma game da abin da waɗannan dabbobi zasu iya ci.

1. Birch haushi - kwari larvae - kananan tsuntsaye - tsuntsaye na ganima.
2. Labaran ganye suna kwayoyin.
3. Caterpillar malam buɗe ido - linzamin kwamfuta - maciji - hedgehog - fox.
4. Aƙarya ne linzamin kwamfuta - fox.
5. Cereal - linzamin kwamfuta - mikiya mikiya.

Har ila yau, akwai karin inganci: ganyayyaki ganye - kwayoyin cuta - tsutsotsi ruwan sama - mice - tawadar daji - hawaye - fox - kerkuku. Amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, adadin hanyoyin ba fiye da biyar ba. Yankin abinci a cikin gandun daji yana da bambanci da wadanda ke cikin gandun daji.

1. Tsaba na hatsi - wani sparrow - a daji cat.
2. Fure-fure (nectar) - wani malam buɗe ido - wata rana - gaske.
3. Wani fir-cone shi ne woodpecker - mikiya.

Kayan abinci yana iya yin aiki tare, har ma da karami, tsarin da ake da shi, da yawa, tare da haɗuwa a cikin tsaunuka guda daya. Alal misali, fox ba ya jin dadin cin abinci da kwari da dabbobi masu rarrafe, saboda haka yawancin abincin abinci ya shiga.