Duniya most lu'u-lu'u. Diamond "Cullinan"

A halin yanzu a duniya akwai mai yawa na kyau gemstones, amma babu wani daga cikinsu ba ya je a kwatanta da babban dutse, mined a 1905. Duniya most lu'u-lu'u da aka samu a cikin kasar Afrika ta Kudu nawa kusa da birnin Pretoria.

Tarihi na Afirka nawa

Thomas Cullinan fara aiki a matsayin bricklayer. Bayan ajiye kudi kadan, da ya yanke shawarar nemi Diamonds. A 'yan kilomita daga Pretoria, ya sayi wata gona Elandsfontein a 1904 da kuma yi aiki yadda ya kamata a kan shi. Na zabi shi sosai a hankali, da kuma gyarawa idanunsa a kan site da tadawa. Hill, kamar yadda ya juya daga baya, aka kafa a kan wani kimberlite da sarewa, da abin da yake nawa ne, "Premier". The sunan wuri ne mai suna bayan da firaministan kasar, wanda ya halarci bikin bude na mine.

A musamman find

A cikin rabi na biyu na yini da shugaban mahakar Frederick Wells gudanar da kullum na saka idanu. Ya janyo hankali na rashin haske gleam na wani batu. Tu cikin ramin zurfin 5.5 mita, sai ya ga wani tsage. A batu ne karfi da nuna rana ta haskoki da kuma bai yi kama da gilashi. Gangarawa zuwa cikin kabari, ya hankali da wuka haƙa daga bangon duniya most lu'u-lu'u. Bayan dubawa da tauri, ya farin ciki gane cewa kafin shi da duwatsu masu daraja daga high quality. Domin ya m samu Wells samu wani sakamako na 10 dala dubu, da kuma sosai sunan shi aka kira da shugaban kamfanin ta lu'u-lu'u hako ma'adinai - Sir Thomas Cullinan, wanda ya zo da mahakar zuwa wannan rana.

Afirka giant

Masters na Mining, ya bayyana a fili cewa sami dutse - shi ne wani ɓangare na wani ya fi girma giant, girman wanda zai iya zama fiye da 2-3 sau. Duniya most lu'u-lu'u da aka girman wani dunkulallen hannu na fara tasawa, kuma ya muhimmanci m ga dukan lu'ulu'u taba samu a dukkan sassan duniya. Na farko shi auna 3.106 awo carats. Stone ne abin mamaki ba kawai domin ta m sigogi, amma kuma m quality. Yana kasance cikakken bayyanannu, kuma colorless. A surface akwai wani kananan crack. Shi ne saboda wannan kadan aibi, an yanke shawarar raba cikin da dama giant duwatsu.

A babbar nugget aka sayar zuwa Transvaal gwamnatin for 150 dubu fam.

Tafiya m crystal

Bisa ga hukuma version, a watan Nuwamba 1907, da na dutse da aka gabatar da ranar haihuwa na babban monarch Edward VII a matsayin alamar biyayya ga a haɗe mallaka bayan da Anglo-Boer War. A gaskiya ma, cikin "kyauta" dearly kudin Birtaniya baitul (kusan daya da dala miliyan), da kuma lu'u-lu'u da aka sayar.

A karshen Janairu 1908 da lu'u-lu'u da aka wuce zuwa Amsterdam kamfanin na yankan, kuma Fabrairu 10 maigidana Ibrahim Assher tafi aiki. Mafi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa inshora mutum daga Afirka duniya most lu'u-lu'u da aka tafiya a kan wani soja jirgin, kuma ta hanyar da Turanci Channel koma zare jiki a cikin aljihu na wani mai yin kayan ado a kan wani sauki Ferry fasinjoji.

sarauta Diamonds

Domin nazarin tsarin da giant da dama domin sanin ko tasiri aya ta tsaga cikin da dama sassa, shi ya dauki wani lokaci. A dutse sanya wani incision a cikin na musamman wuka da kuma sanya wani karfi Flick karya shi. Ba kowa yana da Master karya wata katuwar lu'u-lu'u, wanda ya dade ya zare barci a cikin hanjinsu na duniya, 'yan kanana duwatsu. Jagora ya sosai juyayi. Crystal ya da karfi da cewa kawai a biyu ƙoƙari gudanar ya raba shi a cikin biyu manyan duwatsu, girman 2029,94 da 1068,09 carats, da kuma uku kananan guda. Da farko Cullinan (photo nuna shi a cikin nau'i na saukad da 74 fuskoki dabam-dabam da kuma yin la'akari 530,2 carats) Korol Georg V kira "Great Star na Afirka." Ya kasance mafi girma a lu'u-lu'u a duniya. Ya aka sanya shi a cikin sama na sarki sandan, wanda aka located in hasumiyar London. Daga na biyu babban dutse jewelers kerarre lu'u-lu'u Cullinan 2 317.4 Carat da ciwon 66 fuskoki - na biyu crystal size a duniya. Domin wannan giant (tushe sigogi - 4,3h4,1 cm) sarari a tsare a fadar kambi, wanda yake a cikin Tower. Na sauran guda da lu'u-lu'u da kayan sanya biyu mafi babba lu'u-lu'u - pandelok wanda nauyi ya 94,4 Carat (Cullinan 3) crystal da kuma wani square siffar Carat nauyi 63.65 (Culzean 4). Tun 1911, su ne a kambi na Sarauniyar Ingila. Daga baya, a shekarar 1959, sun gano a cikin brooches.

5 Cullinan yin la'akari 18.8 carats aka faceted zuciya-dimbin yawa, da kuma aka saka a cikin wani kayan ado. Yana da aka yi nufi ga Sarauniya Maryamu. Daga baya, sai aka cire daga can kuma saka a cikin kambi na mata kambi. Cullinan 6 nauyi 8.8 carats tare da wani facet "Marquis" kaunace Elizabeth II. Ta ba da umurni don ƙarfafa crystal a cikin lu'u-lu'u-Emerald abun wuya, wanda aka sau da yawa sosai sa a cikin matasa. Cullinan lu'u-lu'u 7 yana da wani nauyi na 11.5 Carat da faceting "Marquis", Cullinan 8 - faceting "Emerald" da kuma nauyi 6.8 carats Cullinan 9 - 4.4 Carat nauyi, pear yanke.

Bugu da kari ga Diamonds manyan size daga cikin mafi girma da lu'u-lu'u samar karami: 5 zuwa 4.4 carats a nauyi kuma miniaturized gemstones 96 7.55 Carat nauyi. A total nauyi dukan duwatsu masu daraja tare ne 1063,65 carats. Lokacin da kayan ado aiki ya 65,75% na jimlar nauyi asara samu giant.

Art yanke duk duwatsu bayan da tsaga ta dauka shekaru hudu. A sakamakon haka, lu'u-lu'u 105 da aka sanya. The most Diamonds a duniya - da tara manyan gemstones da cewa su ne girman kai na Turanci kambi.

Yakin duniya na II, kuma a halin yanzu

A wartime, da kananan Diamonds a cikin kamfanin na sauran daraja kayayyakin tarihi ne a hankali a ɓõye, a gwangwani da kuma binne shi a wani filin kusa Windsor Palace. Manyan lu'ulu'u da aka sanya a cikin kwalaye da huluna da kuma a ɓõye, a daya daga cikin sirrin kulle mulki.

A halin yanzu, da Cullinan 1 (54h44h29 mm) - babbar lu'u-lu'u a duniya (bayan "Golden Jubilee"). Da kyau faceted pear-dimbin yawa, ya adorns sandan daga cikin manyan Sarakunan na Ingila, da kuma tare da ya sauran shahararrun 'yan'uwa ne a cikin Tower. Duk mai tarin shahara Diamonds za a iya gani a cikin House of kayan ado a kan nuni. Musamman da dadi Diamonds tufafi da Sarauniya a kan daban-daban bukukuwan receptions da bikin.