Me ake nufi da umarnin farashin?

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na kafa da farashin. A duk ya dogara da irin tsarin tattalin arziki, a cikin abin da jiha ayyuka. Dokoki farashin shi ne hankula ga kasashen da mai shirya tattalin arzikin. A wannan yanayin, da kasuwar ne kusan babu sakamako a kan kasuwar halin da ake ciki. Prices za a iya bayyana ko kafin nan da nan-saki kayayyakin. A halin da ake ciki daban-daban da aka lura a cikin kasuwar hanya. A wannan yanayin, da farashin da aka ba m, a kamfanin, kuma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wadata da kuma bukatar da a sayar da kayayyakin a kasuwa. More kan cewa a yau labarin.

Bari mu gano abin da ake nufi farashin umarnin

A Jihar iya kai tsaye ko a kaikaice tasiri cikin kasuwar halin da ake ciki. Daban-daban tattalin arziki ka'idar ganin jihar ta rawa a cikin management na kasa tattalin arziki a hanyoyi daban-daban. Free farashin - tushen kasuwar tsarin tattalin arziki. Yana wajaba a duk classic tattalin arziki ka'idar. An yi imani da cewa bukatar gwamnatin sa baki a cikin tattalin arziki da matakai na farko rinjawarwa tabbatar Dzhon Meynard Keyns. Cikakken umarnin farashin - shi ne prerogative na shirya tattalin arzikin. A wannan yanayin, da kudin samarwa ne m da mataki na samar ko a baya. Su za a iya shigar a waje da price, kudi na sama, da coefficients na yiwu canje-canje. Yau, a kasashen da dama tare da wata kasuwar tattalin arzikin ta amfani da wadannan ko wasu hanyoyin da sa baki a cikin conjuncture na tattalin arziki.

A gargajiya theories

Halayen zuwa ga rawar da gwamnati halin canja sau da yawa a ko'ina san tarihi. A nuna na 17-18 ƙarni, a lokacin haihuwa na zamani da kasuwar dangantakar rinjaye rukunan ya mercantilism. An yi imani da cewa na kasa tattalin arzikin ba zai iya aiki yadda ya kamata ba tare da shisshigin gwamnati ba. Duk da haka, bayan shekara ɗari biyu don maye gurbin wannan rukunan zo zuwa ga ra'ayin da ake kira da tattalin arziki liberalism. Ya uzuri fara Adam Smith da kuma David Ricardo. Sun ya bayyana cewa, kasuwar - shi ne kai-gudãnar tsarin, farashin umarnin ta unnecessarily. Ya dogara ne a kan "ganuwa hannu" - sirri moriyar enrichment.

Duk da haka, yakin duniya na farko da kuma tarzomar girma mawuyacin tilasta masana kimiyya ta sake tunani da ra'ayoyinsu kan farashin. Tuni a 1930 shi da aka soma musamman dokokin da kumbura da ikon yinsa, daga jihar baki a cikin kasa da tattalin arziki. Dokoki farashin for wasu nau'i-nau'i daga kayayyakin da ya zama sananne.

Features na Keynesian tattalin arziki

Bayan babban mawuyacin, da yawa raya ƙasashe watsi da ra'ayin na kai-tsari daga cikin kasuwar, kuma ya fara shiga tsakani a tattalin arziki da matakai. Keynes jãyayya da bukatar kara kasafin kudin kashewa da ƙananan amfani rates a lokacin recessions. Bukatar halitta wadata, kuma ba sabanin haka ba, kamar yadda da'awar da litattafansu. Neo-Keynesians umurni da ga kasuwar farashin da siyasa a symbiosis. Sun saba da wasu ideas na litattafansu, da kuma imani da cewa jihar baki ne kawai dole a gajeren lokaci. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yanayi ba zai iya motsa da sauri domin "magani" tattalin arzikin daga cikin illar da rage harkokin kasuwanci. Duk da haka, da Cigaban-Keynesians yi imani da cewa a cikin dogon lokaci, da kasuwar ne kai-gudãnar tsarin.

hanyoyi na da tasiri

Akwai biyu hanyoyin jihar tsari na farashin: layi (da umarnin) da kuma kai tsaye ba (tattalin arziki). Tsohon sun hada da:

• Price kayyade. Alal misali, a cikin tafin kafa hankali, Jihar iya saita tariffs ga harkokin sufuri da kuma jana'iza.
• farashin da iyaka. Jihar iya shiga a kalla ko m iyaka.
• Tabbatar m dalilai na farashin canje-canje. Alal misali, irin wannan tsarin ne sau da yawa yi amfani da lissafi na tarho tariffs ta abokin ciniki category.
• Kafa iyakar size of cinikayya alawus. Kamar wancan kayyade farashin muhimman kayayyaki, magunguna da kuma wasu abinci.
• Tabbatar da matakin na riba. Wannan yana nufin cewa farashin a lokaci daya aza a wasu kudi na sama. Alal misali, fee domin yin amfani da kwantena ne sau da yawa shigar nan da nan ba wani kashi 25 samu a irin wannan sufuri.
• Da kafa tabbas farashin. Wannan tsarin sau da yawa aiki a fagen aikin noma. Farashin suna kafa ta musamman a jihar jikinsu. Suna amfani domin sayen koda adalci kasuwar darajar kayan da ke ƙasa.

farashin da'awarsu ne a aiwatar da bita da jihar kayyade farashin. Don yin wannan, amfani da musamman jihar jikin na tattalin arziki gaskata ga request.

A tattalin arziki da hanyoyin da iko hada da tallafin da, diyya kudin kera, rance a fifikon rates, haraji holidays. Duk wadannan matakan na iya rage kasuwar darajar da kayayyakin.

A raya ƙasashe,

Mun riga siffa cewa wannan doka farashin. A kasuwar tattalin arzikin da aka sa a fili ba gane da larura. Duk da haka, babu wanda yake son gaba daya bari da amfani. Jihar iya gyara farashin dokokin a cikin nau'i na da dokokinta. Sun bayyana ka'idojin, methodologies da nagartacce. An yi imani da cewa 10-30% na farashin kayayyakin kafa doka. Amma jihar sau da yawa ba a daina akwai. A raya ƙasashe, tartsatsi tsaye ba tsangwama a farashin. Duk da wannan jayayya da bukatar cimma zaman jama'a sakamakon, cewa abu ne mai kyau ga dukkan al'umma.

zamani m

Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa da umarnin farashin - wani umurni tattalin arzikin. Amma a gaskiya, a yau jihohi da dama na rayayye shiga tsakani a tattalin arziki da matakai. An yi imani da cewa a cikin dogon gudu kasuwa yana da ikon kai-tsari, da kuma a cikin gajeren - bukatar ƙarin rinjayar da babban bankin da kuma gwamnati. An gane cewa, da kafa iyakar ko m farashin ga kayayyakin iya kai ga cewa wannan adadi zai gushe a haƙiƙa. Duk da haka, babu daya musũ da cewa wani lokacin da kasuwar inji bukatar a yi gyara ba.

m hakikar

Kan aiwatar da farashin a Rasha sau da yawa canza a kan lokaci. Muhimman matakai sun hada da a tarihi:

• Ana zargin kudi ya musanya a cikin 1916-1921 shekaru.
• Tsawon War Kwaminisanci.
• The New Tattalin Policy.
• Dokoki farashin a kusan kowane irin kayayyakin a 1929-1933.
• Ana zargin wadata da kuma sayar da kayayyakin karkashin tsari da mai saye.
• Price da walwalar, wanda ya fara bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet tun shekarar 1992.