TPP: dikodi mai ba dacewa

Kila kowannenmu fiye da sau daya ji da magana: Kostroma GRES, GRES Zaporizhia, Konakovo GRES kuma mai yawa da wasu garuruwa da kauyuka da sunayen (har ma da dukan kasashen), tare da GRES haruffa. A fassarar wadannan haruffa (acronyms), ya nuna wasu irin magana ne: Jihar gundumar ikon tashar (GRES). A duniya sosai farko hydroelectric iko tashar, mai suna "Power Transmission", gina a cikin unguwannin Moscow a 1912 - 1914 shekaru. Ya ci gaba da aikin da kuma kulawan gina wani Rasha m R.E.Klasson. A ikon shuka ya yi aiki a kan gida man fetur - peat. Kuma shi yana da damar 15 MW. Yana bayar da wutar lantarki da girma bukatun Moscow da kuma m yankunan.

By karshen karni na ashirin, ajalin TPP kwafi rasa "gundumar", da kuma a cikin farkon 2000s kuma "jiha" part, saboda m thermal ikon shuke-shuke ba su bauta yankin, da kuma dukan administrative yankin har ma da dukan ƙasar m. Alal misali, kusan dukkan Estonia samar da wutar lantarki ga biyu iko shuka - Pribaltijskaya (1.654 GW) da Estonia - 1.6 GW. A daya GRES Lithuania (Lithuania - 1.8 GW) kuma samar da yawa na kasar don haka yana bukatar mai zaman kanta iko. The Russian Federation ya sarrafa fiye da 250 thermal ikon shuke-shuke (yafi hydroelectric iko tashar da thermal ikon tashar), kusan dukkan su sun gina a lokacin Soviet zamanin. "Jihar" da kalmar ya zama a lokuta da dama, masu zaman kansu, ko kuma m.

Yau, ajalin GRES, deciphering wanda shi ne kusan m, kamar yadda aka nuna a baya, da kalmomin "Jihar District" ana maye gurbin mafi sau da yawa da lokaci aikin bayanin "sandaro." Wato - "condensing shuka" (IES). A lokaci TPP kwafi wanda ya rasa ma'anarsa, da ake amfani da shafi tunanin mutum inertia ko al'ada.

Wasu daga cikin wadannan shuke-shuke - hydroelectric iko tashar, ko, mafi daidai, da IES hada Serov da Yekaterinburg a yankin (a birnin Serov) da kuma Ryazan (Ryazan yankin na da wannan sunan, a kauyen Novomichurinsk).

Serov GRES sa a cikin aiki a 1954, kuma yana da total damar 538 MW. Bugu da ƙari, zafi da ake amfani domin ta thermal iya aiki a cikin adadin 220 Gcal / h. Ikon Sos'va dake kusa da kogin daga wanda yana daukan da ruwa su aiki. Fuel amfani iri biyu: core - kwal daga Kazakhstan (Ekibastuzsky carbon pool) da kuma Rasha Halitta gas (kamar yadda a madadin man fetur).

A 2010, mun yanke shawarar hažaka a Serov GRES - don gina sabon ikon damar 419,5 MW. Wannan naúrar za a iya hada sake zagayowar, da manufacturer - kamfanin "Siemens" (Jamus). Saboda da hada sake zagayowar naúrar yadda ya dace da fasaha za su tashi zuwa 58% ko fiye. Fara wani sabon kashi da aka shirya domin 2014.

Ryazan GRES - thermal condensing ikon shuka zane damar 3600 MW. Daya daga cikin mafi girma ikon shuke-shuke a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Its sunan ba a kusa gari, da kuma a cikin yankin cibiyar. Ikon tashar a Soviet lokaci ya 2 650 MW da kuma ga dumama shi ya ba 180 Gcal / h. A Soviet sau, raka'a hudu na 300 MW da kuma uku 800 MW aka hada a yi aikin. raka'a hudu na 300 MW da kuma biyu 800 MW da aka gina. The man fetur amfani - Moscow ci da man fetur da man fetur. Ta biyu chimneys a duniya ciki har da ultrahigh shambura (na tsawo - 320 m). Daga baya kara wa man fetur iskar gas. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da aiki tashar ta kyautata (saka gas injin turbin naúra da wani lantarki janareta), da kuma iyãwarsa karu zuwa 3200 MW.