SDR - a Special jawo Rights ...

SDRs - wani raguwa na Turanci sunan, wanda a Rasha sauti kamar "musamman zane hakkokin" (SDRs). SDR an dauki wani roba kudin da duniya ajiye kadara, wanda aka samar da amfani da IMF don samar da kudi dangantakar dake tsakanin membobinta. reserves da shi bayar da rance an saita a cikin wannan kudin. Bisa kididdigar da, a cikin watan Maris shekarar 2016, akwai game da 204.1 biliyan SDR.

A bayyanar da manufar

Musamman zane Rights (SDR, SDR SDR) ya bayyana a shekarar 1969 a cikin mahallin da Bretton Woods monetary tsarin. Domin ya kula da wani barga musayar kudi na ta monetary raka'a kasar a bukatar reserves. Duk da haka, da girma na kasa da kasa samar da zinariya da dalar ya bai isa ba. Amincewar a Amurka kudin zai iya gurgunta, idan ka fara buga sabon banknotes. Yana da aka haka ya yanke shawarar ya halicci wani sabon ajiye kadara.

SDR - wannan shi ne daidai samarwar mahada na Bretton Woods tsarin. Duk da haka, da zarar karshen fadi baya. Mafi yawan} asashe sun koma wani tsarin mulki na iyo musayar rates. A karkashin sabon tsarin, da Jamaican SDR ba da muhimmanci inji. A ci gaba da kudi da kuma babban birnin kasar kasuwanni yarda kasashen da dama tara gwaji kudin kasashen waje reserves.

Duk da haka, da SDR - ba relic na baya. Sun ci gaba ta wanzu da kuma yana da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan taimako da sakamakon rikicin kudi na duniya. A shekara ta 2009, da SDR aka bayar ƙara da liquidity na duniya tsarin tattalin arziki a cikin adadin 182,6 biliyan. Sun taimaka da hukuma reserves daga cikin 'yan lamuni na duniya IMF, da wadanda ke fama da rikicin kudi.

Ba za mu iya ce cewa SDR - da kudin ko umurni na IMF. Su da kambun iya samu yardar kaina mai amfani ago a musayar for su ta hanyar biyu sunadaran:

1. A musayar tsakanin mambobi ne na IMF, wanda faruwa a kan wani son rai-akai.
2. Siyan GPA kasashen da karfi waje matsayi a cikin bukatar da rancen kasashen.

Tun da SDR - da kudin na roba, ba za a iya amfani da mutane a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum. Duk da haka, shi hidima yin lissafi ba kawai IMF, amma kuma da dama daga kungiyoyin kasa da kasa (BIS, EBTS da kuma sauran yankuna cin bankuna).

kudin abun da ke ciki

Da farko, da darajar musamman zane hakkokin da aka gyarawa a zinariya. Daya SDR yayi daidai da farashin 0,88871 grams wannan karfe. SDR musayar kudi zuwa dalar Amurka da aka bayyana a matsayin 1: 1. Bayan rushewar da Bretton Woods tsarin a shekarar 1973 da kuma ta maye darajar da SDR ya Jamaican lasafta bisa wani kwandon ago. Asalinsu shi kunshi Amurka dollar, Yuro, yen kuma kore Sterling. More kwanan nan, an kara zuwa yuan. Canjãwa 1 Oktoba shekara ta 2016. Yanzu SDR kudi aka ƙaddara dangane da wadannan nauyi akai:

• Amurka dollar - 41,73%.
• EUR - 30,93%.
• Yuan - 10,92%.
• Japan Yen - 8,33%.
• Birtaniya kore Sterling - 8,09%.

Darajar na SDR aka wallafa kowace rana a kan official website na IMF. Its lissafi dogara ne a kan sassa da nauyin da kwandon dangane da rates, wanda ake gyarawa a tsakar rana a kan London Stock Exchange.

A jerin ago cewa sanin darajar musamman zane hakkokin, tabbata reassessed kowane shekaru biyar da IMF Executive Board, ko a baya idan bukata ta hanyar sauya yanayin duniya tsarin. The latest bidi'a ne da hada a cikin kwandon na Sin yuan. A gaba review na abun da ke ciki da aka shirya domin 2021.

Interest a kan musamman zane hakkokin

A amfani kudi a kan SDR - shi ne dalilin kirga adadin da IMF rance biya. Yana kuma da kayyade yawan cewa an biya ta Member Amirka a kan su Holdings na musamman zane hakkoki da abubuwan da tuhuma da rarraba reserves.

Mako-mako kudi da aka lasafta bisa ga mai nauyi talakawan na wakilin sha'awa a kan lamunin bashin da gajeren biya lokaci rates a cikin kudi kasuwanni, wanda yin up cikin kwandon.

The rarraba kudi kadara

A girma daga SDRs zuwa IMF mambobi ne na gwargwado ga ƙa'ida asusun a cikin kungiyar. Saboda haka, kowace} asa na da kuma dashi na duniya ajiye kadara, wanda ba a hade tare da ƙarin tsada.

The sosai inji na rarraba wajen samo hakkokin ne kai-kudi. Wadanda percentages, wanda ake tuhuma jihohin da matsanancin Holdings zahiri cajin da IMF members, suka yi amfani da su. Duk da haka, da kambun da SDRs - shi ne ba wai kawai memba na kasa da kasa Asusun bada lamuni, amma kuma wasu sauran kungiyoyin na dace da irin. Daga cikin su, misali, da Turai Babban Bankin. Kuma an wajabta, da kambun iya amfani da SDRs a wata ma'amala da juna, ko da IMF mambobin.

Buying da sayar da na SDRs

A IMF a cikin tarihi da aka gudanar uku SDR kasafi. A jimla na farko na 9.3 biliyan. Wannan rarraba da aka za'ayi daga shekarar 1970 zuwa 1972. A gaba a yanke shawara a kan ƙari na ajiye dukiyar da aka sanya a cikin 1979. A duka adadin na biyu kasafi amounted zuwa 12,1 biliyan. Yana da aka samar daga 1979 zuwa 1981. Sa'an nan har shekaru da yawa da SDR reserves zauna a wannan matakin.

Domin kusan shekaru 30 bayan da cewa a saboda lokaci da shawarar da aka ba dole a wannan mataki. Duk da haka, Agusta 28, 2009 aka sanya cikin uku rarraba rikicin kudi na duniya. An sa'an nan saki wani mataki adadin SDR. A total amounted zuwa 161,2 biliyan. Bugu da kari, makonni biyu kafin ƙarin daya-lokaci ƙari na reserves a cikin adadin 21.5 biliyan aka bayar. Ya kamata a lura cewa har 2009, fiye da daya cikin biyar na IMF membobinsu (waɗanda suka yi shirki da kungiyar bayan 1981) sun taba samu SDR na asusun tarayya.

Al'amurra da kuma rawar da kasar Sin

A shekara ta 2016, Bankin Duniya ya ɓullo da wani bond shirin ga m Sin kasuwar. Securities denominated a SDRs da aka yi nufi ga hukumomi masu zuba jari. Bankin Duniya ya shirya shirin ha] in gwiwar tare da bankunan kasar Sin. A total girma na shirin 2 ne milliarda SDR. Tun da farko a wannan shekara (daga 1 Oktoba) da yuan aka hada a cikin kwandon na roba kudin bayar da IMF. Yanzu, da SDR - shi ne ba kawai da laba Sterling, Japan yen, Yuro da kuma US dollar.