A Turai Babban Bankin (ECB). The ayyuka na Turai Babban Bankin

Turai Babban Bankin - shi ne babban bankin na Tarayyar Turai da kuma Sashin Turai. An sani a matsayin mafi m banki a duniya. Yana da wannan kudi ma'aikata yana da cikakken hakkin ya yanke shawara a kan wani batutuwa da suka shafi Yuro. Institution kafa a 1998. Shugaban farko na kudi ma'aikata ya Wim Duisenberg, wanda aka zaba zuwa ga wani ajali na shekaru 5. A watan Oktoba 2003, a matsayin sabon shugaban kasar ya dauki Jean-Klod Trishe. Yau, da manyan matsayi nasa ne Mario Draghi.

labarin

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu ya fara daidaituwa na Turai. Kunna structuring da kuma samuwar guda kasuwar sarari. A lokacin daga shekarar 1947 zuwa shekarar 1957, an samu nasarar yi a lokacin da hadewa na yankin tare da layi daya zargin Jihar na Turai Biya Union. A shekarar 1957, akwai wata kungiya daga cikin mafi girma kasashen Turai a Tattalin Arzikin Turai Community. A 1979, da EEC gabatar matukar tsabar kudi - ECU - for ƙauyuka da aka sau daya daura kwandon Turai ago. A yarjejeniyar a kan samuwar Turai kudin yankin, da kuma ECB da aka sanya hannu a shekarar 1988. CB "Turai ta Tsakiya Bank" ya bayyana bayan rattaba hannu a shekarar 1992, a kan ƙasa na Maahstrihta kasa da kasa da yarjejeniyar kafa kungiyar kasashen Turai, kazalika bayan samuwar na Turai lamuni Institute, wadda ke da alhakin shirya miƙa mulki ga guda kudin - Yuro.

External da ciki tsarin

A Turai Babban Bankin yana da wani musamman management tawagar. Yana hada wakilai daga kowane daga cikin EU Member Amirka. Tambayoyi game da aiki na wani kudi ma'aikata, amfani rates, promissory bayanin kula da sauran abubuwa, qayyade Directorate of cibiyoyin, da kuma Board of gwamnonin. A management kunshi 6 mutane, tare da shugaban bankin, da kuma mataimakinsa, har zuwa. Board Gabar zaba domin wani takwas lokaci. Gabatarwa ga wuri a cikin Directorate an zabi da kuma dauke da majalisar Turai da kuma shugabannin jihohi da cewa wani bangare ne na Yuro zone. A ECB ne memba na Turai System of Central Banks, wanda ya hada da National Bank of Tarayyar Turai. The duniya tsarin aiki a kan biyu-matakin algorithm. Wata tambaya game da manufofin kudi da za a zauna kawai a yayin da yarjejeniya a kan kowane daga cikin matakan.

Overview

Turai ta Tsakiya Bank tun da aka kafa a Jamus, a Frankfurt, sõyayya a karkashin jagorancin dukan tsarin na Turai bankunan tsakiya. A abun da ke ciki tsarin qunshi:

• Bank of Belgium.
• Bundensbank.
• Bankin Girka.
• The Bank of Spain.
• The Bank of Faransa.
• Luxembourg lamuni Cibiyar.

A matsayi na wani shari'a mahaluži ne kawai ECB, duk sauran kudi cibiyoyin kunshe a cikin tsarin wasa da muhimmancin karin raka'a. Su ayyuka qananan. Babban manufar ne su hana ECB tashin gwauron zabi farashin da kuma karfafawa daga hauhawar farashin kaya, wanda dole ne ku ƙẽtare 2%. Duk wani shawarwarinmu da matakan da na banki da tasiri kai tsaye a kan Yuro darajar musayar kudi da sauran ago na duniya. Sharp hawa da sauka sa wani canji a cikin sha'awa kudi kuma suka ranta wa Member States Union.

Menene ECB?

Turai ta Tsakiya Bank aikin mahara rinjaye ayyuka:

• Ci gaba da kuma aiwatar da manufofin kudi a cikin ƙasa na Yuro yankin.
• Tsaro, ci gaba da kuma gudanar da musayar reserves na jihar na Yuro-zone hukuma.
• Batun na Yuro.
• Kafa amfani rates.
• Tabbatar da farashin kwanciyar hankali a Yuro zone.

Manuniya na ECB ne index of farashin kaya ga masu amfani da ko'ina cikin EU da kuma girman da kudi wadata, wanda ya karu da kada ta kasance fiye da kashi 4.5% a wannan shekarar.

Key amfani rates na banki

The ayyuka na Turai Babban Bankin rufe da ganewa da kuma amfani rates. Interest rates iya zama na uku iri:

• A refinancing kudi. Wannan ne sha'awa kudi, wanda kayyade m darajar da aikace-aikace na janye da kayan albarkatun a cikin m gudanar da ECB.
• A amfani kudi a kan adibas. Wannan ne sha'awa kudi, wanda shine tushe a lokacin da ajiye samuwa kudi a cikin ECB ta cibiyoyinsu. Rate abubuwa a matsayin ƙananan iyaka ban sha'awa rates a kasuwar dare.
• M kudi a kan bashin - shi ne cikin kudi a da bankuna a tsarin da ESS, za ka iya samun rance, wanda wajibi ne don kula gajere liquidity. M kudi taka rawar da na sama da iyaka da iyaka a cikin layi tare da kasuwar sha'awa rates na dare.

By installing wadannan iri rates, da Turai Babban Bankin halitta bukatar ko samar da kudin, tabbatar da zaman lafiya da kuma iko da tsabar kudi gudana a cikin yankin.

Janar tattalinsu

A Turai Babban Bankin ne na musamman da doka da ilimi, wanda aikin dogara ne a kan kasa da kasa da yarjejeniyar. A izini babban birnin kasar na ma'aikata a lokacin na halitta ya daidaita 5 kudin Euro biliyan. A cikin rawar da masu hannun jeri su ne mafi girma a bankuna a Turai. Jamus "Bundesbank" gudummawar 18.9% na babban birnin kasar, da babban bankin kasar Faransa - 14.2%, Italy Bank - 12.5%, Bank of Spain - 8.3%. Sauran Central Bank of kasashen Turai da tsakanin 0.1% da 3.9% na farko rabo babban birnin kasar. Fuskantad da kudi ma'aikata na zartarwa kwamitin, wanda aka ambata a sama, - da shugaban a tsaye shugaban Turai Central Bank. Babban siffa daga cikin kudi shiri - shi ne mai cikakken 'yancin kai. A daidai wannan lokaci da institute aka zamar masa dole ya shekara sallama a rahoton a kan ayyukan da majalisar Turai, Turai Hukumar, majalisar kungiyar tarayyar Turai da kuma Majalisar ta Turai.

Areas Policy

Don cimma burinta na ECB amfani da kayayyakin aiki kamar karfafawa rance da kuma jinginar gida auctions, kasashen waje musayar ake gudanar da ma'amaloli a kan bude kasuwar. A mafi iko kayan aiki na kudi kasuwa tsari - a Turai Babban Bankin kudi. monetary institute aikin dogara ne a kan ka'idojin samun 'yancin kai daga sauran kasashe, kazalika da irin yadda supranational jikinsu kamar na yanke shawara. Aiki kwanan nan da farko ya shafi wani tilastawa a overlapping waje da ciki bashi. Domin a yanke shawara a kan kowane takamaiman rubũta shi dole jefa wata kuri'a, mafi mambobi ne na Management Board. Kowace daga cikinsu yana daya kawai damar kada kuri'a. The shugaban na Turai Babban Bankin kamata ya bi da ra'ayi daga cikin Board. Kawai bayan da tallafi na musamman mafita ga ta aiwatar da za a iya tsunduma cikin bankunan tsakiya na kasashen Turai.

Iko na ECB da kasa bankunan tsakiya

ECB karkashin kokari tare da Central Association na Amurka Parties za suna da hakkin ya kafa dangantaka da sauran kasashe na Central Bank da kuma, idan ya cancanta, da kuma tare da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa irin su. Open dama ga saye, sayarwa da kuma tura iri daban-daban na dukiya, ciki har da bullion. A ra'ayi na "tukuru dukiya" ya hada da Securities a wani kudin kuma a kowace raka'a lissãfi. Yarda da hurumin da kuma gudanar da dukiya. ECB gudanar da wani m kewayon banki kungiyoyin na wani irin, a matsayin abokan cewa kungiyoyin kasa da kasa za su iya aiki a matsayin wakilan wani ɓangare na uku. Kawance iya unsa wajen samo da rance ayyukan. Bayan da asali ayyuka da aka ambata a sama, da Turai Bankin tare da hadin gwiwar Turai ta Tsakiya kasashen iya gudanar da ayyukan da wani administrative manufa, da kuma da aiki a cikin bukatun da hukumar. An muhimmanci mataki a cikin shawarar da banki ta ayyukan za a iya kira da samuwar da Turai lamuni System, wadda ta zo a cikin zama a shekarar 1979.

Turai lamuni System a cikin tsarin na ECB

A refinancing kudi na Turai Babban Bankin - ba kawai abu da ke shafar kasashen Turai kudin tsarin. EMU da na kanta tana da yawan takamaiman ayyuka. Za ka iya magana game da wadannan yankunan:

• Tabbatar da monetary kwanciyar hankali a cikin EU.
• Matsakaicin simplification na aiwatar da haduwa da aiki ci gaban tattalin arziki.
• A cikin sharuddan zaman lafiyar monetary tsarin samar da ci gaban dabarun.
• Amfaninsa a barga kudin da tattalin arziki dangantaka na kasa da kasa hali.

Shi ne da godiya ga gabatarwar a cikin wurare dabam dabam na wannan kudin a matsayin ECU, da Tarayyar Turai mambobin sun samu nasarar sun jimre da rikicin na 80s. Bayan nasara a kan aiwatar da hauhawar farashin kaya da aka cire hani a kan halin yanzu kuɗi. Tun shekarar 1990, shi ya sa da free kwarara daga babban birnin kasar yanayin. Da farko, manufar EU ya ga samar da ganiya yanayi na motsi na dukiya da kuma ayyuka, babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki. A ECB an halitta su karfafa gabatarwar da wani na kowa kudin, sananniyar dan kasa. Aikinsa shi ne har yanzu a cikin shiryawa mataki ya taimaka wajen samar da hukumomi da kuma shari'a sunadaran don daidaituwa ba kawai na kasashen waje da manufofin, amma kuma da tsaro da manufofin na kowane jihar Party.