Yawan jama'ar na Donetsk a Ukraine

A karo na biyar mafi girma a gari a Ukraine. Tsohon birni-miliyoniya, da kuma yanzu ba su isa wannan matsayi. A babban birnin kasar na Donbass. Donetsk.

Masomin

Ba kamar mafi birane, ƙanana da manyan, Donetsk ba zai iya gadara da mai arziki tarihi. Yankin na gaba birni lokaci zuwa lokaci zaunar Cossacks tun goma sha bakwai karni, amma shi ya ba wani m shiri. Kafa shekara ne shekara 1869, a lokacin da mutane na Wales, John Dzheyms Hyuz fara gina a kan ƙasa na nan Ekaterinoslav lardin metallurgical shuka. A shuka ana gina a shiri na gaba ma'aikata, wanda a cikin girmamawa ga mai shi ya kira, dan kadan sake masa suna zuwa gida hanya - Yuzivka. Wuri da ake zaba ta hanyar kauyen sun sauran shayarwa, wanda ya gina aikin injiniya, da baƙin ƙarfe foundries, nitrogen, coke, da sauran shuke-shuke. A Yuzovka yanki girma cikin sauri, mutane zo daga ko'ina a cikin Rasha Empire a cikin sabon masana'antu yankin. Idan a lokacin da kafuwar kauyen mazauna sun kasa da ɗari biyu da mutane a cikin shekaru goma sha biyar - biyar da rabi dubu, a nuna na karni na ashirin da yawan Donetsk (sai Yuzovka ko birni) wuce dubu talatin. birni matsayi da aka samu a cikin shekara na Oktoba juyin juya halin, lokacin da yawan mazaunan wuce dubu sittin mutane.

City a Soviet pre-yaki lokaci

A kadan daga baya, da gari na'am da matsayi na wani administrative (gundumar) cibiyar, kuma a shekarar 1923 ya canja da sunan da ya Stalin. Mai ganin wannan a matsayin renaming da sunan Soviet shugaban, amma wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa a cikin rashi na daba na hali a waɗannan kwanaki birnin kawai aka mai suna zalla masana'antu sunan. Stalin ya ci gaba wajen samar da hanzari, da kuma lokacin ya jũya a cikin wani yanki cibiyar a shekara ta 1932, tana da yawan al'umma sama da dubu ɗari biyu. Area, ta hanyar, da ake kira Donetsk da kuma a 1938 aka kasu kashi biyu - Donetsk aka bar da kuma kafa wani sabon - Voroshilovgrad (Lugansk nan gaba). Wannan yana da wani tasiri a kan m kudi na karuwa a 'yan asalin zaune a yankin. A farkon da Great Patriotic yaki da yawan Donetsk (a cikin wadannan shekaru ta hanyar Stalin) mafi girma daga ɗari biyar dubu mutane.

Soja yawan ƙi, kuma da post-yaki masana'antu albarku

The yaki ƙwarai rage yawan mazauna. Part shiri domin yaki, wasu mutu kare birnin, wasu daga cikinsu da aka tura zuwa Jamus, amma yawancin ya tafi fitarwa. Saboda haka, a 1943, yawan jama'ar na birnin Donetsk (nan gaba) ne kasa da ɗari biyu da dubu mutane. Amma da post-yaki kasa bukatar babban albarkatun, saboda Donetsk yankin a cikin wadannan shekaru da aka rayayye zaunar da baƙi daga ko'ina cikin tarayyar Soviet. A kasar so don samun ci da Karafa, da kuma karuwa a hako ma'adinai nemi su kara hakar gwal. Number of Donetsk yawan ta 1951 ya riga ya wuce pre-yaki matakin, wucewa da maki biyar da ɗari da dubu goma, da kuma ta 1956 - ɗari shida da ashirin da dubu biyar mutane.

A zamani sunan

Its halin yanzu, sunan birnin samu a 'yan shekaru bayan mutuwar Stalin a 1961. A wancan lokaci, yawan jama'ar na Donetsk ya kusa ga alamar da ɗari bakwai da dubu hamsin maza, kuma ya ci gaba da girma. A kudi na karuwa ta ragae, amma a gwada yawa sharuddan, birnin da mazauna ya zama mafi. Kuma a 1978, wani m milestone kai yawan jama'ar na Donetsk. Ukraine ya samu wani sabon birni-ance. Daga wannan lokacin a kan yawan girma ya ragae muhimmanci, kamar yadda idan ta gudanar da baya da ikon yinsa, daga cikin birni-ance. The yawan girma sosai kananan kudi - da shekara-shekara karuwa amounted zuwa wani talakawan na dubu goma sabon mazauna. Duk da haka, wani m amma kwari karuwa ya kai ga cewa a lokacin da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, ganiya yawan mazauna kai da Donetsk. Ukraine, na yawan jama'ar da kai da ganiya, yana cikin birnin wanda ya rayu cikin mafi girma da yawan mazauna a cikin tarihi - fiye da miliyan daya ɗari da ashirin da daya da mutane dubu. Daga wannan lokacin da yawan Donetsk ya kwari amma m ƙi. By farkon shekarar 2005, yawan jama'ar da aka riga kasa da miliyan daya mazaunan.

A kishi tare da tsohon lardin birni

Da alama cewa Donetsk tun da tushe ne na kokarin jayayya da Dnepropetrovsk ga dama ya zama wani masana'antu cibiyar na Ukraine. Samun saurin bunkasuwar, babban birnin kasar Donbass a yawan jama'a a cikin shekaru prewar, a zahiri kama tsohon lardin gari. Idan a Donetsk da kuma yankin girmamawa a kan ci hako ma'adinai da karfe masana'antu, da Dnepropetrovsk mafi tasowa aikin injiniya. Bayan da yaki, da ake bukata sama da dukan albarkatun da cewa riga sa'an nan ya hau a cikin ci gaban. Saboda haka, m post-yaki ci gaban da karafa yankuna ya nufi da cewa yawan mutanen da na Donetsk a cikin hamsin hamsin, da sittin daga cikin karni na ashirin wuce yawan mazaunan kusa yankin cibiyar. Amma da farkon 1970s halin da ake ciki canza a gaban shugabanci. Kara yawan mazauna Dnipropetrovsk a cikin wannan lokaci ya kai ga cewa garin samu ta milyan mazaunin shekaru biyu gaba daga Donetsk. Tun daga nan, kuma ina kiyaye yawan parity - a cikin aikin injiniya cibiyar na rai yawanci hamsin zuwa dubu saba'in fiye da a karafa cibiyar. Dukansu biranen sun kai ganiya a lokacin Ukraine samu 'yancin kai: abin Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk cewa. Ukraine ta yawan (lamba na 2014 - 48 da mutane miliyan a shekarar 1991 - miliyan 52) tun lokacin da hankali rasa, da kuma yawan mazaunan birane biyu an rage a daidai taki.

The National tambaya

Ba kamar sauran garuruwan Donetsk, ko ne a manyan, amma tushen shi ne Rasha da kuma Ukrainians, wanda a cikin wannan kauye na 48 da kuma 47 bisa dari, bi da bi. Kashi daya daga cikin birni yawan jama'a da kuma wakilai daga Belarushiyanci Greek. Sauran uku cikin dari na yawan al'umar mutane na sauran kabilu, daga cikinsu su ne Yahudawa, Tatars, Armenia, Azerbaijanis da Georgians. Abin sha'awa, a cikin tsakiyar twenties karni na karshe mazaunan, da yake shi ne kusan quire sau karami kabilu aka daban-daban. Don Rasha da kanka zuwa fiye da kashi 55 cikin dari na yawan jama'ar, Ukrainians - 25, Yahudawa su ne aka fiye da kashi 10, cikin Bugu da kari, akwai wani gagarumin yawan Dogayen sanda da kuma Jamus.

conurbation

Ga sauƙi of management Donetsk ne zuwa kashi tara gundumomi, wanda kowannensu yana da game da mutum ɗari da dubu mutane. Amma Donbas yankin yana da babban yawan yawa da cewa mutum birane iyakoki suna zahiri sharewa. Da yawa daga cikin jama'ar na Makeyevka, amma ta Khartsizk, Avdeevka, Yasinovataya da kuma wasu sauran karami birane ilimi ne wani ɓangare na wani guda Metropolitan yankin. Idan muka ɗauka, tare da kusa biranen Donetsk da yawan jama'a na kusan mutane miliyan biyu.

bayan 2014

Abin baƙin ciki, da masifu a cikin Ukraine, wanda aka fara a 2014, ba zai shafi adadin mutane na Donetsk. Da wakilan da Donetsk ta kasar, wanda ya zama yanzu da cibiyar da Donetsk, da'awar cewa yawan mazaunan ya rage, da kuma idan, sa'an nan kawai dan kadan. Amma m kallo ce dole cewa an kiyasta kimomi birnin ta yawan rage muhimmanci da kuma a yau ne kasa da ɗari bakwai da mutane dubu. Amma ya kamata a gane cewa da yawan Donetsk, da dukan yankin za a mayar da, kamar yadda ya faru bayan yakin duniya na II.