A zinariya reserves na duniya. Ina zinariya reserves dukan ƙasashe?

A zinariya reserves na duniya da hidima a matsayin siga, bayyana, a dalar Amurka. Yana nuna a cika duk da kudin da kuma kudi dukiya a zubar da cikin State Bank, wanda ake amfani da m tsari na kudi balance na jihohi, da kuma dacewa a cikin wani fili kayyade lokaci.

Inshora da kuma ajiye kudi

A zinariya reserves na duniya ne da gaske a Karkasa ajiye na zinariya a cikin sanduna da kuma tsabar kudi format da kuma goyon bayan wani bangare na aikin hukuma zinariya reserves na jihohi. Yana da a zubar da monetary izni na kasar da kuma karkashin kula na duniya kungiyoyi da cewa suna tsunduma a rance. Yau, da wannan karfe an yi amfani da kusan dukkan kasashen duniya a matsayin "inshora airbags." A baya, lokacin da free juyawa daga cikin daraja karfe, an yi amfani da matsayin na biyu domin biya tsakanin Amirka, domin biya a kasar da kuma gudunmawar.

A kadan tarihi

A 1913 da zinariya reserves na duniya (game da 60%) aka mayar da hankali a Jamhuriyar Pool. Game da 40% na daraja karfe ne a cikin free taso kan ruwa. Tare da ci gaba da canji na tattalin arzikin da aka maye gurbinsu da karfe banki rubutu, wanda ke haifar a cikin taro na shi a cikin tsarin na musamman kudi. Akwai wani lokaci a cikin tarihi lokacin da daraja karfe taka rawar da kudi a cikin mutum kasashen na duniya. A lokacin daga shekara ta 1929 zuwa 1933 rawar da ya taka ya samar da wani duniya biya. A postwar lokaci (1939 -1945 shekaru.) Raunanar da na tattalin arziki na mafi yawan kasashe na duniya ya haddasa wani kaifi karuwa a cikin rawar da zinariya. Akwai wani mataki na jari na dukiya a cikin tsaikoki biyu na kowace kasa. Yau, wadannan kasashe su ne shugabannin cikin sharuddan zinariya reserves:

• America - 8133,46 tons.
• Jamus - 3384,2 ton.
• Italiya - 2451,84 tons.
• France - 2435,38 tons.
• Rasha - 1208,2 ton.

A saman goma hada da kasashe irin su China da kuma Japan, Switzerland da kuma Netherlands, India.

zamani reserves

Yau zinariya reserves, wanda suke records na jihar daban-daban kasashen, mayar da hankali ba wai kawai a cikin rinjaye bankuna a kasashe daban-daban, amma kuma a cikin IMF ajiye. A zinariya reserves na duniya 2014-2015, an kiyasta a 32 dubu tons. Wannan adadin bai hada da karfe, wanda shi ne a halin yanzu a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin al'umma ta duniya a tsabar kudi da kuma kayan ado format. Replenishing reserves a kowace shekara ne saboda zinariya karafa. Ka ce kalmar, da zinariya reserves na duniya (1/100 part) da aka samar domin 5 shekaru a lokacin da hakar gwal a California. Mutane da yawa malamai sun karkata zuwa imani da cewa daraja karfe kanta tana da cosmic asali, da kuma na zamani tama adibas bayyana a duniya game da biliyan 4 da suka wuce.

The rarraba zinariya reserves a 2000

A farkon 2000 da adadin na zinariya samar ya game 150,4 dubu tons. Suka bambanta kamar haka:

• Game da dubu 30 da ton - a bankunan tsakiya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa.
• 79 000 ton - a cikin kayan ado format.
• 17 dubu ton na ciyar a kan kayayyakin a Dentistry da lantarki a masana'antu.
• 24 dubu ton na tattara a cikin nau'i na zuba jari.

By 2009, da girma na zinariya reserves karu zuwa 165 dubu ton daraja fiye da $ 5 tiriliyan. Gold reserves na duniya (2013-2014 gg.) Zambar game da 166 da 600 ton. The adadin daraja karfe ci gaba da kara.

Komawa na zinariya a cikin duniya kudi tsarin

Duk da abandonment na zinariya a matsayin hanyar biyan bashin da yawa da suka wuce, kasar na ci gaba da rayayye tara wannan daraja karfe ake tsare kara da sayayya. A musamman, da zinariya reserves na duniya a shekarar 2014 ya karu da cika fuska saboda kara ajiye a da yawa manyan kasashe:

• Rasha ta ƙara da reserves a 2013 to 1040,71 ton, wanda shi ne sau biyu fiye da da aka rubuta a shekarar 2009. A shekarar 2013 shi da aka za'ayi sayan 150 ton na rawaya karfe.
• India a shekarar 2013 ya karu da reserves daga 35 ton 67 ton.
• Rayayye gina su reserves, amma babu hukuma Figures, kasashe irin su Kazakhstan, kasar Sin da kasar Iraki. Sin ya shirya ya kara girman ta zinariya asusu na sama zuwa 10-11 dubu ton na zinariya.
• Brazil ba yin sayayya na karfe, amma shi ne rayayye bi damar da samar da iya aiki. A gwamnati ta tsare-tsaren na zamani daga 2014 zuwa 2021 a hada da karuwa a juz'i na samar da ma'adanai har zuwa 180 ton a kowace shekara.

Gold a cikin duniya fagen fama

Rating zinariya reserves na duniya zai yi generated da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin tarihi da ya faru a cikin shekaru 1930. A wannan lokaci, da yawa na duniya jihohin tsoron Jamus mamayewa. Kusan dukan zinariya reserves ga manufar adana sun jawu zuwa karkarar Amirka, inda suka ake tanada a cikin wani musamman vault Tarayya ajiye banki a karkarar Amurka a New York. Amurka kusan a cikakken iko na IMF, wanda ba ya da ikon sayar da naka zinariya ajiye ba tare da yardarka na Amurka Congress. Wannan kasa bai bi da duk manufofin da ke jihar, kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci kasashen yunƙurin dawo su tanadi gida. Alal misali, a 2011, Venezuela ya kaddamar da wani gagarumin kamfanin cewa an nufin a samu na zinariya, located a lokacin da kasashen waje, a cikin ƙasar. A sakamakon wannan taron ya kasance da dawowar zuwa karkarar fiye da 17 dubu na 29 dubu sanduna, wanda kasance a cikin jihar. A Amirka ta kiyaye mafi yawan stock na Jamus, wanda duk da matsananciyar kuma m kokarin mayar da shi gida, kuma ba zai iya cimma da ake so sakamakon. worldwide tsoro lalacewa ta hanyar gaskiya cewa matukar kowa jita-jita game da sauyawa daga cikin daraja karfe a Amurka Stores ta kwafin, zinariya-plated tungsten sanduna.

Guardian tabbacin

A zinariya reserves na duniya, wanda a 2013 amounted zuwa dan kadan kasa da 170 dubu ton, a yau partially adana a Amurka a cikin wata na musamman store. A dakin da daraja karfe da aka gina a 1920, kuma shi ne located a zurfin 25 mita karkashin kasa. Idan ka yi imani da} ididdigar, a cikin vault yau ne game da 6 700 000 ton na bullion a cikin adadin 368,5 dala biliyan. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, 98 bisa dari na karfe ba mallakar Amurka da mallakar wasu jihohin. A qananan ɓangare na zinariya reserves ne a cikin reserves na Faransa da kuma Ingila. Tarayya Reserve Bank a New York yana aiki a matsayin mai izini wakĩli na duniya dũkiya.

Abin da ya razana su adana mafi yawan zinariya reserves a Amurka?

A zinariya reserves na duniya a shekarar 2014, wanda aka adana a cikin nahiyar Amirka, ya fara haifar da wani karfi jama'a sha'awa. Wannan shi ne saboda da na kira da'a hadakai Jamus su koma su hannun jari zuwa ga mahaifarsa. America ne mai sha'awar da daraja na tsaron daraja karfe, saboda shi taka wata rawa wajen samar da wani iri-iri na kuɗi. Karbo daga cikin German zinariya ajiye iya rushe ba kawai tattalin arzikin Amurka, da sufuri na karshen a cikin gida da kasar za magana game da low matakin na dõgara, wanda shi ne sosai disadvantageous a yau tattalin arzikin kasar. Haka kuma, jama'a ne gamsu da cewa idan akwai wani bukatar da Fed ba zai iya komawa dukan zinariya reserves na duniya a shekarar 2014, wanda ya na da a store. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da zinariya da aka hawa zuwa America, babu shirya ta rarraba ta kasar. A fatarar Fed Amurka za ta samu matsayi na bashi na mataki na biyu, abin da gusar da yiwuwar fadawar dukiya da wani kudi ma'aikata kamar yadda wani fifiko. Don sa shi kawai, a yau ne matsala domin sanin abin da karfe nasa ne wanda. Jamus fara dubawa Foundation of America, da kuma masana sanyã wannan gaskiyar cewa gwamnatin ne kawai ji tsoro na gaba duniya rikicin, a karkashin abin da kawai tabbacin zaman lafiyar iya magana da shi da zinariya.