"Sunan cikin Nature da Sanadin da Dũkiya of Nations" Adam Smith ka'idar

Adam Smith ta aiki da wani babban tasiri a kan gargajiya tattalin arziki ka'idar. A cikin farko, to, a bashi da marubucin ya zama irin na share-yanke tsarin, wanda ya ba da tattalin arziki tsarin al'umma.

A ra'ayin na tattalin arziki da 'yanci

Mafi mashahuri ideas na Adam Smith samu a Turai, a lokacin da samuwar da kuma ci gaban jari hujja dangantakar. bourgeois aji moriyar suka samar ta da cikakken tattalin arziki da 'yanci, ciki har da mayar da hankali a kan sayar da ƙasar, haya ma'aikata, da yin amfani da babban birnin kasar, da sauransu. A ra'ayin na tattalin arziki da' yanci, a yi, babu shakka, shi ne m lokacin a ci gaban al'umma, kamar yadda kange zaluncin Sarakunan da kuma Yana bada damar ci gaba da m sojojin a cikin tsarin tattalin arziki.

A dangane da mutum da kuma jihar rawa a cikin tsarin tattalin arziki

Ilimin falsafa tushe cewa underpin ka'idar Adam Smith, shi ne da farko damuwa tare da tsarin liyafar da kuma rarraba riba, zamantakewa da kuma halayyarsu, na tattalin arziki da aiki, jihar ta rawa a cikin tsari na tattalin arziki da matakai, kazalika da rawar da daban-daban 'yan wasan kwaikwayo (masu ruwa da tsaki).

Daga matsayin Adam Smith, jihar kamata aiki a matsayin t. N. "Night tsaro". Yana ba dole ba ne daidaita da kuma iko da tattalin arziki da matakai, ta babban aiki - a aiwatar da shari'a, kafa, kazalika da m aiki a cikin al'umma. Saboda haka, rawar da jama'a da gwamnatin a cikin tattalin arzikin, tare da Smith ta ra'ayi, ya kamata a rage girmanta a yanayi.

Game da muhimmancin da mutum, akwai kamata koma zuwa da ra'ayin "tattalin arziki mutum". "The Dũkiya of Nations," Smith ya bayyana mutum a matsayin wani ɓangare na tattalin arziki tsari a matsayin mutum tare da m fuskantarwa, da shiryar da su a cikin ayyuka da sharudda na sirri riba. Actions "tattalin arziki mutum" bisa manufa na m diyya. Wannan manufa Forms tsarin tattalin arziki musayar, wanda shi ne mai tushe ga wani halitta mutum aiki na wani kasuwar tattalin arzikin.

A dokar "ganuwa hannunka"

Bugu da kari a jihar da kuma daidaikun mutane, tattalin arziki matakai a cikin wani jama'a gudana tawurin wani tattalin arziki da dokokin. Adam Smith ya kira su "ganuwa hannunka." A sakamakon irin wannan dokoki ba ya dogara ne a kan yardar da kuma sani na al'umma. Duk da haka, da tattalin arziki da gudanar da matakai da aka yi da wani domin ya fi a jihar matakin iko. Bi da bi, kowane mutum yana shiryar da son-kai, zai iya kawo da yawa mafi girma amfani ga jama'a fiye da idan ya aka mayar da hankali a kan moriyar jama'a daga farkon.

Dũkiya System mutãnensu

"Sunan cikin Nature da Sanadin da Dũkiya of Nations" ta Adam Smith gano a matsayin dukiyar batutuwa dangane da yawan ma'aikata a jihar da kuma yawan aiki na data batutuwa. A tushen arziki ne, bi da bi, aka ƙaddara a kudi na shekara-shekara aiki kowane mutum da al'umma, da mutane, bisa ga shekara-shekara amfani.

A tsarin na rabo na aiki ne a zama dole yanayin ga yawan aiki. Godiya ta, a cikin aiki aiwatar suna inganta aiki da basira ga mai musamman aiki. Wannan bi da bi kayyade lokaci tanadi ake bukata a lõkacin da aiki daga daya aiki zuwa wani. Da rabo daga aiki a micro da Macro matakin, kamar yadda aka ayyana ta "The Dũkiya of Nations" Smith, a cikin asalin shi ne daban-daban. A kan aiwatar da yi qware ma'aikata kayyade iko, halin da ake a cikin tattalin arzikin na aiki da "ganuwa hannunka" da aka ambata a sama.

Ƙananan iyaka na ma'aikacin ta albashi, za a ƙaddara da kudin da mafi ƙarancin albarkatun zama dole ga wanzuwar da ma'aikacin da iyalinsa. Har ila yau, a nan akwai rinjayar abu da kuma al'adu matakin na ci gaban jihar. Bugu da kari, da albashi dogara a kan tattalin arziki da halaye kamar wadata da kuma bukatar a aiki kasuwa. Adam Smith ya da wani aiki taimako ga babban matakin Hakkin, wanda ya inganta matsayin na ƙananan strata na mutane, na sirri tutu na kayan ma'aikaci a inganta ta yawan aiki.

Jigon riba

Smith da shawarar biyu definition of manufar riba. A daya hannun, shi da wani sakamako na kasuwa. a kan wasu - wani adadin na aiki ne ba biya ta jari hujja ga ma'aikacin. Kamar wancan ne da riba dogara da girman da babban birnin kasar aiki, kuma ba related to da adadin aiki ciyar da cakuduwar a gudanar da sha'anin.

Saboda haka, "The Dũkiya of Nations" ta Adam Smith kafa musamman fahimtar al'ummar dan Adam kamar yadda wata katuwar inji (inji), daidai da m motsi wanda ya kamata fi dacewa samar da wani tasiri sakamako ga dukkan al'umma ne.

Daga bisani, da ra'ayin Smith ta cewa ga riba kowane mutum dole ne a ci gaba daga nasu bukatun, an karyata ta American lissafi John Nash. Daga ra'ayinsa, akwai yanayi a cikinta akwai wata "hasara" (korau adadin ko wani win-win dangantaka). A wannan yanayin, Nash Notes da cewa da hali na tattalin arziki da jamiái amsa wa al'adunsu na (ba tashin hankali, wata yaudara da kuma yaudara). Yanayi na dõgara tsakanin batutuwa dauke da Nash a matsayin dole yanayin tattalin arziki mai zaman al'umma.