London Stock Exchange: tarihin halittar

The London Stock Exchange ne mafi tsufa a Turai na data kasance. Bugu da kari, ta ne domin ta shahara internationality: ga shi ya hada da 340 kamfanonin daga 60 kasashen, 2004 data. Duk da cewa akwai 21 more a Birtaniya kasuwar, mafi mashahuri har yanzu ya kasance London. A da shi za mu gaya muku, a wannan labarin.

tsarin

The London Stock Exchange yana da uku main a kasuwanni: da hukuma, Babu rejista Securities kuma madadin zuba jari.

• Official Market. The most kashi da aka tsara don kamfanonin da musamman tarihi da kuma wanzuwar gwaji babban birnin kasar. Yana yana Ƙungiyarku biyu: na kasa da kasa da kuma na cikin gida da kamfanonin.
• Unlisted Securities kasuwar. Yana bayyana a 1980 don samar da ayyuka ga kananan kamfanonin. Abin baƙin ciki, gwajin shine kasawa, da kuma saboda low liquidity a farkon 90s da kasuwar soke.
• Alternative Zuba Jari Market. Yana tashi a tsakiyar 1995 domin gyaran kananan kamfanonin. Daga cikin sababbin 'yan takara ba batun musamman bukatun cikin sharuddan m tarihi na kamfanin da kuma yawan hannun jari riga ya sa a cikin wurare dabam dabam. An kuma rage bukatun ga girman da m babban birnin kasar. Amma da walwalar na 1997, ya kai ga gaskiya cewa London Stock Exchange tsaurara dokokin ƙonawa.

labarin

Tun da farkon 16th karni cinikai a Securities da za'ayi a cikin kofi shagunan ko a kan tituna. A 1566 ya zo daga Holland Thomas Gresham samarwa gina wani raba dakin da wadannan dalilai. Ya ce zai yi shi a nasu kudi, amma ya bukaci cewa gida mutane da kuma gwamnatin samu dace yankin. A kan adadin kudi tattara a 3500 laba size da aka saya da dama yanki na ƙasar. A 1570, da bude daga cikin Royal Exchange.

sabon Exchange

Abin baƙin ciki, da babbar wuta na London halakar da shi, da kuma sabon ginin da aka gina kawai a 1669. Har ila yau, gallery aka shirya, kunsha na 200 kujeru haya. A cikin ginshiki na ginin aka kawo kaya adana. A 1698, dillalai aka fitar daga cikin ginin da stock musayar lewd hali (molestation da amo). kofi gidan "Jonathan" an zaba domin shawarwari da kuma ciniki. To, akwai mutane da farko farashin lists na Securities. Bayan shekaru 50, a kofi shop, "Jonathan," maimaita al'adar sosai farko stock musayar - shi ƙone. Duk da haka, da baƙi mayar da nasu ginin. A 1773, a kusa da kofi dillalai sun gina wani sabon ginin, mai lakabin da shi "New Jonathan" (daga baya da sunan da aka canza zuwa "Stock Exchange").

Exchange a cikin karni na 20th

Yakin duniya na ƙwarai gurgunta Turai stock kasuwanni. London Stock Exchange rufe da sosai karshe, kuma a shekara daga baya (a 1915) koma ta aiki. Bataliya shooters na sa kai da aka kafa don tabbatar da aminci. A cikin duka, akwai mutane 400. Daya daga cikin hudu ya rasu a fagen fama. Don da 60-th shekaru da yawan ayyukan da ma'aikata kumbura saboda haka da cewa shugabanci na musayar, an yanke shawarar gina wani sabon 26-storey gini. A yi dade shekaru 12, da kuma a shekara ta 1972 a sabon wurin bude kanta da Sarauniyar Ingila.

A shekarar 1987, a kan stock musayar yi mashi manyan canje. A mafi muhimmanci na wadannan ne: jiki translation a lantarki ciniki (SEAQ tsarin), na kauda tashe da ƙaramar iyakar hukumar, stock musayar 'yan izinin hada da ayyuka na kulla da dila. Godiya ga lantarki tsarin SEAQ dillalai ba dole je dakin motsa jiki a gwanjo. Za su iya yi da shi a ofishinsa.

By karshen 1997, da London Stock Exchange Quotes gaba daya switched ga lantarki format. Computer ciniki tsarin buga ƙara gudun ma'amaloli da kuma yi, a general.

LSE-ferrous karafa

Yana da aka kafa a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu a 1877. Yanzu da London Stock Exchange ba ferrous karafa ne mafi muhimmanci Turai ciniki cibiyar. Ta ya zo dogon hanya daga mafi sauki zuwa ga gaba (da kuma sa'an nan kuma nan gaba) ma'amaloli. Duk da wannan damar masu amfani da kuma kera da masana'antu karafa su bice asarar da shinge hadari a lokacin da farashin da zangarniya. Za ka iya yin ma'amaloli a zažužžukan, nan gaba kwangila da kuma tsabar kudi abubuwa.

Exchange aka located a cikin wani tsohon gini Planteyshn House da kuma har yanzu rike da yawa daga cikin hadisan da suka wuce. Operating dakin da aka sanya a cikin siffar da'ira, shine abubuwan da "madauwari membobinsu" na yan kasuwa. Duk da zuwan tsarin lantarki, da fatauci ne har yanzu a kewaye da ihu. Hakazalika, bayyana da karfe farashin. London Stock Exchange a kan Planteyshn House yana na musamman "alama harshe", wanda dillalai amfani a lokacin kara ba to Mix ba kuma sami umarni.

zinariya kasuwar

Akwai kuma wani daraja karfe, wanda yawo da London Stock Exchange - zinariya. An ko da yaushe a tsaye a wannan wuri shi kadai. Domin gudanar da cinikai, a wani raba dakin tare wakilan biyar kamfanoni. Jagoranci shugaban umurnin, kuma "Biyar" yana shirye ya gama ma'amaloli. Bayan duk approvals da kuma approvals sanar tsayayyen farashi, wanda za a kammala da kwangila. By mai kama da makirci da aka sayi da sayar da tagulla. The London Metal Exchange, ne haƙĩƙa, daya daga cikin shahararrun British kudi cibiyoyin. Amma akwai uku mafi cibiyoyin ne ake ambata dabam.

London Oil Exchange

Kafin shekarar 1970, da samar da makamashi kasuwa ya kasance quite barga. Amma a sakamakon man takunkumin tattalin arziki (1973-1974 gg.), The samuwar OPEC da Larabawa da Isra'ila yaki, mai kera sun rasa iko a kan farashin. Saboda haka, a cikin farkon 80s. International Petroleum Exchange aka kafa a London. Babban dalilin da bayyanar - da ya karu volatility a farashin man. A wadanda ba misali wuri bayyana karuwa a cikin juz'i na samar da man fetur a Arewa Sea.

Exchange yayi zabin a kan yadda za a maras darma fetur, iskar gas da man fetur, da danyen mai, da kuma nan gaba kwangila. Its main alama - da ikon musanya tsabar kudi kasuwar matsayi a nan gaba matsayi a kan yanayin da cewa musayar daukan wuri a cikin wadanda ba kasuwanci hours. A na biyu alama - na dogon lokaci (har 20:15). Irin wannan mãkirci damar dillalai a kammala da kwangila tare da sulhu USA.

Birtaniya Exchange Zabuka kuma nan gaba

Da farko, shi yana da matukar daban-daban suna: The London Mercantile Exchange. Wannan ma'aikata ne a kasuwar kayayyaki Kalam da kayayyakin gona na United Kingdom. Hakika, cikin sharuddan girma da kuma size, shi ne muhimmanci mafi ƙaranci daga gare su waje takwarorinsu (misali, da Chicago Stock Exchange), amma shi ba ya hana a gudanar da wani gagarumin rabo daga ma'amaloli a Turai.

Wannan musayar zo a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th a kan tushen da "m ƙungiyoyi", wanda aka gudanar nan gaba ma'amaloli fadin mahara samfurin Lines. Daga baya, ta tunawa kusan duk na gida kasuwanni, har ma ya dauki kashi a cikin kasuwanni na Baltic abokan aiki (Kalam a kan jirgin sufurin kaya da dankali). Prices a kan London Stock Exchange Zabuka kuma nan gaba quite m. Za ka iya shiga cikin ma'amaloli biyu a al'ada (sha'ir, alkama, naman alade da sauransu.), Kuma a kan mulkin mallaka kayayyakin (waken soya, sugar, kofi).

International Exchange Zabuka kuma nan gaba

A kasar Biritaniya, akwai wani raba kasuwar zabin, amma yana aiki yafi tare da Sweden. Ma'amaloli a kan wani m kewayon} addarorin a International Exchange Zabuka kuma nan gaba.

Har shekara ta 1992, wadannan ma'amaloli da hannu a cikin aiki dakin na London Stock Exchange. Sai aka mayar da su wani gini a kan igwa Street. Mafi yawa daga cikin kayayyakin na wannan musayar alaka shaidu kuma bashi kida, kamar abin da wasu daga cikin ma'amaloli na nan gaba kwangila a kan hannun jari.

A International Exchange rayayye ciniki Birtaniya stock index FTSE 100. Its muhimmanci alama ne da ikon yin aiki da duka kasashen Turai da Amurka zabin. Har kwanan nan, shi ya matsayi na mafi kyau Turai kasuwanni a cikin fasaha sharuddan kayan aiki.

International musayar zabin da kuma nan gaba ne centerpiece na UK kasuwar ga wanda aka samu kida da kuma samar da wani babban matakin liquidity ga Japan shaidu, da Amurka, Jamus da kuma Italiya. Amma, da bambanci ga American cibiyoyin, ba tare da magance kwangila a kan kudin Kalam.

Da zarar musayar fara ne da na yau da kullum tarurruka a wuraren da ake tsare ma'amaloli. Yanzu sun zama dai da kudi cibiyoyin, miƙa abokan ciniki da fadi da kewayon daban-daban da sabis. Kamar yadda mazauna tsarin bayyana m da tsauraran sharudda da rage girman kasada na mahalarta.

Mai Birtaniya mu'amala har yanzu ba kawo gwaji ribar. Su alhaki ne iyakance ga misali garanti (wani lokacin a cikin nau'i na Securities). Ana Share ayyukan da cibiyoyin tsunduma a cikin London clearinghouse. Yana da wannan da kuma samar da wani lamuni na asusun inshorar. A karshen shekarar 2000, ta size ya miliyan 150 fam.

ƙarshe

Yanzu da London Stock Exchange yana daga cikin biyar mafi girma a cibiyoyin na irin a duniya. Akwai ta hannun jari suna ciniki 300 kamfanonin daga 60 ƙasashe. Idan muka yi la'akari da Rasha kamfanoni, mafi girma bukatar ne ga takarda na "Lukoil", "Gazprom" da "Rosneft". Tun shekarar 2005, a kan Stock Exchange zai fara daga fatauci ne, zabin da kuma nan gaba a cikin RTS index.