SamuwarKimiyya

Leaded fetur

Leaded fetur ƙunshi tetraethyl gubar, wanda yake shi ne mai guba organometallic fili hali. A baya can, an yi amfani da matsayin anti-buga ƙari ga habaka, da kuma manufar ta yin amfani ya ƙara da Octane lambar.

Antiknock sakamako na fili da aka bude «General Motors» American masana kimiyya na kamfanin a 1921. Ginãwa Thomas Midgley, Masani na cutarwa kaddarorin da gubar shigar da leaded fetur, samarwa don maye gurbin kalmar "gubar" a kan kasa gane da mafi yawan mutane, da kalmar "methyl". Ba dogon, da kuma mummunan sakamakon wannan sabuwar dabara fara zuwa shafi talakawa mutane aiki a cikin kamfanin "General Motors". Shafi tunanin mutum da cuta da kuma alaka da cututtuka fara kwashe 'yan adam da fashi halakar da kiwon lafiya na ma'aikata. Duk da haka, da girma da kerarre a Amurka fetur dauke da gubar.

A marigayi forties - farkon hamsin hamsin na yadda cutarwa leaded fetur tsanani magana daga kowane dandali, amma saboda karfi lobbying na ta kera ba zai iya sarrafa su ban da samar da wannan guba. Kawai a shekara ta 1972 da ban a yin amfani da tetraethyl gubar, amma ya dauki da dama more shekaru kafin shi ya iya gaba daya maye gurbin kasuwar. A shekarar 1986, da samar da man fetur, dauke da cikin abun da ke ciki tetraethyl gubar da aka phased fita. Ya fara farfado da American al'umma: jini gubar matakan na yawan rage ta 78% a shekarar 1994 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 1978 shekara. Shi ne mai nasara na kowa hankali kan proverbial kudi.

Leaded fetur da aka ma yadu a yi amfani da Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin 80s na karshe karni fara da kin amincewa da yin amfani da tetraethyl gubar, wanda ya ƙare a 2003. Janairu 1, 2000 a kan ƙasa na kasashen waje da EU, da aka gaba daya dakatar leaded fetur. China watsi da yin amfani da tetraethyl gubar a 2001. A halin yanzu, mafi yawan jama'ar duniya ba su samar da abu. A Birtaniya, ci gaba da su saki mai kananan adadin, amfani da wani ƙari a makãmashin racing cars, amma ta samar da amfani ba riba saboda da sosai high haraji hõre ta a masana'antun. Tetraethyl ci gaba da za a yi amfani da dama underdeveloped kasashen saboda cheapness ta samar. Wadannan kasashe sun hada da Afghanistan, Yemen, Korea ta Arewa da kuma da dama wasu kasashen.

Yau a cikin m duniya ƙoƙarin yin amfani da maras darma fetur, wanda ya ƙunshi tetraethyl gubar, ba ya shafar mutane ta kiwon lafiya, da kuma ba ya karya yanayi. Don inganta ingancin fetur, shi ne gudanar a daban-daban Additives, da kuma rage yawan abubuwan da ke cutarwa watsi (sulfur, aromatics , da sauransu. P.). Maras darma fetur kamata dauke da ainihin m taro resins (ba fiye da 5 MG da 100 cm3). Har ila yau, fetur dole ne raba ta da cikakken tururi matsa lamba da kuma fractional abun da ke ciki. A mafi kyau da kuma mafi kudin-tasiri na irin for motocin dauke su na A-98.

A fetur kunshi aka gyara, wanda ake samar a sakamakon wani iri-iri na masana'antu tafiyar matakai. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, kai tsaye barasan na mai, da catalytic fatattaka daga catalytic Gyara, hydrocracking injin gas da man fetur, da kuma sauran hanyoyi da dabaru.

A fetur abun da ke ciki ba ya dogara ne kawai a kan hanyar da ta samar, amma kuma kashe da alama. A mafi girma da Octane lambar, da hakan ingancin fetur. Fetur A-95 yana mafi girma yi fiye da A-92 fetur. Aviation man fetur yana da mafi girma Octane yawan fiye da hanya, saboda gaskiyar cewa bukatun ga su ne mafi girma.

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