Muhalli a raga da kuma muhalli da manufofin. Goals, da manufofin muhalli monitoring

Key muhalli a raga da kuma muhalli da manufofin ne ya haifar da wani bayani tsarin cewa ba ka damar samun m bayani game da jihar na yanayi, canje-canje a biotic da kuma ta jiki da aka gyara a karkashin rinjayar anthropogenic da na halitta abubuwan.

Matsaloli da za a Warware a cikin muhalli monitoring

Gano da babban yankunan alaka wadannan karatu. Goals, da manufofin muhalli monitoring :

• da samun farko data, ta aiki, amfaninsa, analysis, halittar databases.
• aiki da kuma tanadin da bayanai a cikin nau'i na maps, jadawalai, allunan.
• modernization da kuma kyautata na shirye-shiryen hanyoyin da primary bayanai;
• kima na ainihi na yanayi, kazalika da wa hasashen nan gaba.
• ganewa na haddasawa da kuma m effects na lura jihar.
• da yadda ya dace da bayanin da ake buƙata don sha'awar jam'iyyun.

Goals, da manufofin masu muhalli da lura da muka gani a sama, taimakawa ga tallafi na aiki yanke shawara a fannin muhalli management. Forecast bukatar ya ci gaba da mafita tsara don wani dogon lokaci.

Dalili na da muhalli monitoring

Irin ayyukan da ake bisa uku main ka'idodin:

• -din-din.
• rikitaccen.
• kowa na.

Wadannan sigogi taimakawa wajen gina muhalli monitoring tsarin da ake nufi da aikace-aikace na wasu daga cikin aka gyara:

• selection na abubuwa da verifiable monitoring halaye.
• halittar musamman kallo maki.
• amfaninsa data, bincike da kuma kimantawa da muhalli halin da ake ciki.
• review na bayanai da kuma na mafita a samu hanyoyin da za a kawar da matsalolin a cikin muhalli halin da ake ciki.

A tsarin da muhalli monitoring

Yana dogara ne a kan hudu main tubalan:

• database.
• hikimar tantance naúrar.
• bayanai block.
• kula da tsarin.

An ɓangare daga cikin muhalli monitoring tsarin yana dauke jihar na kula da tsarin da tsarin aiki, domin bayani game da real yanayi da yayi suna dauke da dalilin halittar musamman muhalli da manufofin, kuma domin da shirin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da ci gaban wasu yankunan.

Goals, da manufofin muhalli da manufofin - tsare da musamman yanayi, da inganta al'adun tattaunawa tsakanin mutum da yanayi.

A amfani da bayanai samu daga monitoring

Muhalli manufofin da muhalli da ayyuka yi a cikin shakka daga monitoring, da damar da zartarwa hukumomin samu bayanai don yin amfani da:

• shiryawa da ayyuka da nufin rage gurbacewar muhalli.
• selection na fifiko ayyukan;
• saka idanu da kuma kimantawa da rationality na wani iri-iri na kiyaye muhalli da matakan.
• ci gaba wucin gadi matakan rage samu a cikin wadanda wuraren da gano overshoots canja taro.
• dubawa yarda da matsayin da norms na ingancin halitta abu.
• samun bayanai ga kungiyar bincike a fannin kimiyya.
• gudanarwa ta da dacewa majalisu da dokokinta.

A tattalin arziki al'amari ne wani muhimmin lokaci a gaban wata monitoring tsarin. A nazarin kimanta daidai da na'urorin da kuma hanyoyin, wadda aka zaba a saka idanu tare da sa ayyuka ga ma'aikatan. Saboda da samu sakamakon yana yiwuwa ya daidaita jihar siyasa a cikin Sphere na kare muhalli.

a fagen muhalli tsaro da manufofin

Na dogon lokaci muhalli manufofin da muhalli manufofin su ne bisa wadannan zaton:

• mataki na mutum da aka yi hadura a jikin mutum saboda wucewa da yarda da iyaka yawa na rediyoaktif da guba abubuwa a yanayi (MAC).

• Mutane kula yiwu mummunan sakamako daga cikin abubuwan da a kan wani ɓangare na Muciya, sabili da haka ya kamata a kiyaye shi ta jihar.

Irin wannan tsarin kula da muhalli bincike ya shafi ci gaban kula da matakan, saboda irin wannan manufa ya ishe fasaha iko a kan ayyukan kiwon lafiya da sabis hukumomin da kuma kungiyar na lura da tsarin a Enterprises. Experience ya nuna da shirme kawai na irin wannan fuskanta, a cikin yin amfani da muhalli manufofin da muhalli manufofin ba za a iya warware. Akwai hatsari sunadarai cewa ko da adadi kaɗan na iya haifar da wani mummunan tasiri a kan jikin mutum, rushe metabolism. Hygienic norms MPC sukan yi karin gishiri a gaskiya, suna cutarwa ga mutane da yawa rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, da itatuwa, conifers, lichens.

Hadakar monitoring

Menene babban raga, kuma manufofin muhalli tasiri kima? Akwai musamman shirye-shirye da ya unsa dauke da fitar hadaddun saka idanu ga wani m kima na daban-daban matsaloli da suka shafi gurbacewar muhalli. Wannan ya hada da wani m monitoring?

1. Jarrabawa na duniya da tasirinsa a duniya ta surface, misali, bincike na matsalar dangantaka da saki na carbon dioxide da halocarbon mahadi.
2. Regional matsaloli na yanayi, wanda zai iya barnatar da shafi kasashen kungiyoyin kasashen. Alal misali, saboda giciye-iyakar kai daga m sunadarai iska da kuma najasa waterways teku degenerate Rainforest.
3. Local al'amurran da suka shafi game da wani fairly kananan yankin. A wannan yanayin, da manyan muhalli da kuma muhalli matsalar nufi unsa kayyade ingancin ruwan sha, da gwada yawa ganewa na abun ciki a cikin ƙasa nauyi karfe bincike na jihar da ƙasa Layer.

Sikelin da muhalli monitoring tsarin

Kulawa ne da za'ayi biyu a kan wani karamin yanki, da kuma a kan duniya sikelin (a duniya). Bisa ga bayanan samu ne bincikar overall biosphere.

National monitoring

Yana nufin da bincike tsarin a cikin ƙasa na daya kasar. Manufofi da makasudin muhalli tasiri kima na wannan irin - don samar da bayanai da kuma tantance jihar da tsarin aiki a cikin bukatun da tsaron kasa. Tare da kara gurbatawa matakai a wasu birane ko masana'antu yankunan da ake dauka na gida hanyoyin magance gano matsaloli.

Muhalli da ilimi a cikin makarantun

Saboda da gaggawa daga cikin matsalolin da dangantaka da samu na halitta yankunan da sinadarai, a cikin tsarin na zamani da ilimi kuma yana biya na musamman da hankali ga samuwar ƙaramin tsara na muhalli da al'adun tushe. The yara a karkashin shiryarwar ya shawarta, yin nasu monitoring nazarin don warware wasu matsaloli game da tabarbarewar ingancin ruwan sha. Manufofi da makasudin da muhalli aikin dogara a kan wanda matsalar son koyi, gani, bincika dalibi. Alal misali, yana yiwuwa ya tantance ingancin ruwan sha a sassa daban daban na kauye, don gano halin yanzu matsaloli, su bayar da magunguna. Goals, da manufofin muhalli da ilimi ana kayyade ta tarayya ilimi nagartacce na biyu ƙarni, da nufin ilimi ga ƙaramin tsara na m hali ga halitta. Mutane da yawa preschools zaba a matsayin mayar da hankali da ayyukanta ne yanayi. Mene ne key a raga, manufofin, da kuma muhalli da ilimi a makarantan nasare? Kids an gabatar da dokoki na gudanarwa a cikin dazuzzuka, binciko rare shuke-shuke, koyi rarrabe tsakanin amfani da guba furanni, namomin kaza.

muhalli dokar

Saboda gaskiya cewa a kwanan nan karuwa a watsi mara izini manyan masana'antu da kamfanonin da cutarwa sunadarai dacewa tambayoyi zama doka kariya daga cutarwa yanayi na mutum daukan hotuna. Goals, da manufofin masu muhalli da dokar ake kayyade ta Rasha dokokin. Yana bayar da ga abin alhaki ga keta dokokin yanayi, bai dukan matakan da cewa za a iya dauka kan warware. Manyan sinadaran samar da biyan musamman da hankali ga halittar high quality-jiyya wurare, wanda hana shigar azzakari cikin farji daga iska da kuma ruwa na mai guba abubuwa. Mene ne muhalli manufofin, a saka idanu da ayyukan chemical? A wasu lokaci dauka samfurin ruwa, ƙasa, iska, sakamakon na gwada yawa da kuma gwajin kwari analysis matching samfurori m haƙuri kewayo. Idan gano tsanani take hakki, da za'ayi wani muhalli duba. Manufofi da kuma ayyuka dogara ne a kan ƙayyadaddu daga cikin kungiyar, amma mafi yawa sun ba da labari ga tabbaci na yarda da duk aminci da bukatun. Idan sakamakon ya nuna cewa akwai tsanani matsaloli, tambayar da wani laifi hali a kan gaskiyar da take hakkin muhalli dokokin.

ƙarshe

Environmental monitoring ne wani ɓangare na tabbatar da aminci da mutanen da suke rayuwa a wannan duniya tamu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa kowace kasa yayi kokarin samun da kayan albarkatun ga kungiyar na gudanar da bincike da nufin warware matsalolin da suka shafi muhalli. Don a raga da kuma manufofin m tare da kasar muhalli management siyasa, akwai wani Trend a matsayin muhalli da manufofin. Wannan reshe na dokar yakan haifar da wasu dokoki, da saka dukan bukatun da manyan kamfanoni da masana'antun, kazalika da wa] anda ke da matakan da za a dauka don su a taron na wani warwarewarsu dokokin. Don ƙaramin tsara, muhalli da al'adun, horo na musamman a cikin qasa an gabatar da riga a cikin mataki na pre-makaranta da kuma makarantar sakandire da aka kafa. A ajin da yara koyi kula da yanayi, m yin amfani da albarkatun kasa. New tarayya ilimi nagartacce na biyu ƙarni ya shafi samuwar dalibai 'so ga mai zaman kanta nazarin muhalli management frameworks muhalli bincike da kuma saka idanu.