Shuka alkama na 5th class. Ciyar da dabbobin dabbobi. Fodder hatsi

Cornmeal - a hatsi nufi don ciyar da dabbobinsu. Fodder shine tushen abinci a cikin kiwon kaji da alade, da mahimmanci a cikin kiwon dabbobi. Irin waɗannan albarkatu ba za a iya amfani dashi don dalilai na abinci ba.

Amfanin fodder

Shuka hatsi kyauta ne mai amfani ga dabbobi. An ba shi da dukkanin bitamin da kwayoyi masu dacewa don cike da ci gaba da ci gaban dabbobi da kaji. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyi suna dauke da yawan carbohydrates, furotin da amino acid. Har ila yau, daki yana da babban darajar makamashi. Farashin dako yana da ƙananan, wanda zai yiwu ya rage yawan farashin kayayyakin dabbobi.

Nau'in iri iri na hatsi

Daga m hatsi fi na kowa al'ada wadannan:

• Cereals - alkama, hatsin rai, hatsi, masara, sha'ir, gero.
• Gwan wake - wake, Peas, madogara, wake, wake, soya.

Fodder Wheat

Alkama ne mafi muhimmanci, ba kawai abinci, amma kuma a forage amfanin gona. Kusan rabin rabon amfanin gona ana ciyarwa don bukatun bukatun.

Yana da tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, mai tsawon mita 50-150. Ya faru da zama hunturu da kuma bazara. A yau akwai irin alkama da yawa. A halin yanzu za a iya raba su cikin nau'in juyayi. Yanke alkama masu kyau a saman kunnuwa suna da matuka mai tsayi, cike da babban taro, bambaro. A cikin al'adu masu laushi, a akasin wannan, bambaro ne mai walƙiya mai zurfi kuma ba tare da jinkiri ba tsawon tsawon.

Girman hatsi

Dangane da inganci, a cewar GOST, irin nau'in alkama mai wuya da mai sauƙi sun kasu kashi daban-daban na hatsi.

Sakamakon maki mai kyau yana da rassa 5, da laushi - 6. Duk ɗalibai, sai dai 5 da 6, ana amfani dashi don dalilai na abinci.

• Mafi girma, alkama na 1 da 2 yana nufin alaƙa mai karfi, wanda za'a iya amfani dasu da kansa kuma a matsayin wani abu mai karfi a cikin yin burodi.
• Kwalejin aji 3 ana da muhimmanci sosai. A cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci ana amfani dasu da kansa kuma baya buƙatar ci gaba.
• Za a iya amfani da alkama na kulle na 4 a masana'antar abinci da burodi kawai bayan inganta ta hanyar maki mafi girma.
• Kwayar alkama na kullun ana kiransa "forage".

Tsarin digiri bisa ga ingancin inganci a cikin wannan ma'auni ana aiwatar da shi bisa ga sigogi na gluten, danshi, furotin (sai dai na aji na 5), ƙananan, ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka, hatsi da sharan adal.

A cikin kayyade ingancin hatsi mai mahimmanci, matakin yanayinsa (abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta, hade mai hatsi, musayar musanya, filaye mai hatsi, phosphorus, calcium, da dai sauransu) an ɗauke shi ne da farko.

Alkama na ajiya 5 aji

Alkama na aji 5 - ba abinci ba ne, saboda haka an yi shi ne don cin nama na gida da kuma samar da kayan abinci. A cikin abun da ke ciki, kusan ba ya bambanta da abinci. Duk da haka, idan don hatsi da aka nufa don abincin abinci shine yawan adadin sitaci da abun da ake amfani da shi a matsayin mai daraja, to, don dabba yana ciyarwa shi ne rashin hasara. Sabili da haka, abincin daji a cikin abinci na kananan da manyan shanu, aladu, tumaki da kiwon kaji (ducks, chickens, geese) ba kawai a matsayin ƙari ga babban abinci ba kuma ba a yi amfani dashi a matsayin abinci ɗaya ba.

• Don kaji, ana shuka hatsi ta hanyar nada, germination ko yisti kuma ba zai iya zama fiye da kashi 60% na jimlar rabo na abinci ba.
• Yawan adadin hatsi a cikin nau'in shanu an ƙididdige bisa nauyin nauyin dabba da yawan amfanin gona, kuma yana iya kimanin kashi 30 cikin dari na yawan abinci na abinci.
• Don aladu fattening, mafi kyau duka alkama a cikin abinci shine 20-40%.

Alamar abinci na alkama

Gwaji akwai wasu bukatu masu dacewa don inganci. Saboda haka, Grill R 52554-2006 ya kamata ya zama lafiya, ba kamuwa da kwari ba kuma yana da darajar masana'antu. A cikin abun da ke ciki, kasancewar hatsi ya ɓata har zuwa 15%, sauya kashi 3%, ƙwayar shuka ba fiye da kashi 2% ba. Hawan zafi kada ya wuce 15%

Bisa ga abincin sunadarai, shayar daji ta wuce dukkan sauran hatsi, banda kari, yana da yawan abincin calories, na biyu kawai ga masara. Cikin hatsi ya ƙunshi kashi 10-15% na sunadarai, karamin adadin (har zuwa 2%) na fats, 2-3% na sukari, har zuwa 65% na carbohydrates, waxanda suke da yawan sitaci. Har ila yau, akwai cikakken samin amino acid, bitamin B, E, PP, microelements - potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium.

Abũbuwan amfãni daga naman alkama

Da farko dai, alkama mai shayarwa shine samfurin abinci mai mahimmanci, wanda ya ƙunshe da kwayoyi masu amfani da yawa - da macroelements, lysine, amino acid, phosphorus, wanda ke da tasiri ga cigaba da lafiyar dabbobi. Ana amfani da nau'in sutura don ciyar da dabbobi maras kyau da tsuntsaye. Abincin noma (farashin farashi 7500 - 8500 rub./t) an dauke shi mafi shahara fiye da wasu kayan gona na noma saboda farashin da ya dace, dandano, abubuwan gina jiki da amfani. An yi amfani da ita don abinci mai amfani ga kowane irin dabbobi da kaji.

Dabbobi da ke cin abinci akan irin wannan abinci suna da kyau a kara nauyi da tsawo, kuma suna bada 'ya'ya masu kyau.

Abubuwa mara kyau

Rashin abinci na alkama - babban abun ciki na gluten da sitaci, wanda a cikin ciki na dabbobi ya zama babban taro, wanda zai iya haifar da ciwo da colic a cikin ciki. Bugu da ƙari, ƙin amfani da alkama ta hanyar dashi zai iya haifar da kiba, wanda ya kara hadarin cututtuka daban-daban. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne a lura da sakon dukkanin ciyarwa da kyau don haka gonarka ba cutar ba.

Abincin masara (hatsi)

Masara ita ce sarauniya na gonaki. Yawancin abinci shine 1.34 raka'a kayan aiki. Bisa ga GOST 13634-90, an raba masara cikin kashi uku, dangane da yawan hatsi da hatsi. Kashi na uku na wannan al'ada ana amfani dashi don ciyar da dabbobi. Matsakaicin halatta yawan adadin hatsi ga kundin da aka ba da bai kamata ya wuce 15% ba, kuma adadin ƙwayar hatsi ba zai wuce kashi 5% ba. Dangane da launi da nau'in hatsi, an raba wannan amfanin gona zuwa nau'i 9, kowannensu za'a iya amfani dasu don dalilai na abinci da kuma samar da kayan abinci mai laushi.

Sha'ir sha'ir

3-sa sha'ir ko forage, kamar masara, shi ne babban forage amfanin gona, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na rage cin abinci na manyan horned dabbobi. Yana da arziki a amino acid da lysine. Ana la'akari da al'adun da ya fi tasiri. Ya dace da dukan dabbobin dabbobi. Yana ƙaunar da kusan dukkanin mutane - shanu, dawakai, aladu da ma zomaye. Ciyar farashin ya kai 1.2 zabin raga. Ana daidaita ma'aunin sha'ir a GOST 28672-90.

Oats forage

An ƙayyade ingancin hatsi daidai da GOST 28673-90. Wannan al'adu ya rabu, dangane da hatsi admixture, cikin manyan ɗalibai hudu. Abincin, wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 12 zuwa 15 cikin dari na tsabta na hatsi, yana cikin aji na huɗu (fodder). Daga dukkan albarkatun gona, yanayin hatsi shine mafi ƙasƙanci - 460 grams / lita.