Silicic acid da amfani

Silicic acid a rubuce yake a fili na silicon oxide da ruwa. Kuma rabo daga cikin wadannan kayan aiki na iya zama da bambanci. Sabili da haka, a cikin nau'in tsari, abun da suke da shi zai iya wakiltar su. A wannan yanayin, acid silicic tare da nauyin silicon oxide da ruwa, wato, tare da dabi'u daban-daban na sigogi n da m, za a iya sauyawa daga wuri guda zuwa wani. Saboda haka, a wannan yanayin, n da m za a iya la'akari da su da yawa.

Hakanan, ana iya samun acid silicic ta hanyar amsawa da silicate daya daga cikin matakan alkali (misali sodium) da daya daga cikin "karfi" acid (misali, hydrochloric acid). Ta wannan hanya, an raba wasu daga irin wannan acid (samu) a cikin 'yanci kyauta: metasilicic, orthosilicic, da sauransu. Alal misali, sinadaran maganin samar da metasilicic acid:

+ 2HCl = + 2NaCl

Duk da haka, ba zai yiwu ba don samun albarkatun silicic a cikin tsabta. A ruwa-ruwa mafita (da suka samu supersaturated) silicic acid a cikin Polymerization tsari ceases akai samuwar na colloidal mafita tare da m gajeren lokaci na zama. Bugu da ƙari daga waɗannan mafita, sakamakon sakamakon coagulation, an kafa gel. Wannan shi ne aikace-aikace na acid silicic, tun da ta bushewa wannan gel, ana samun sillar silica, wadda aka yi amfani dashi a matsayin mai lalacewa da kuma shahara. Bugu da ƙari, ta yin amfani da ƙwararrun mahimmanci, haɓaka colloids (ko samfurori) suna samuwa daga maganin colloidal, wanda kuma ya sami aikace-aikacen aiki.

Silicic acid mai sauƙi ne mai sauƙi, mai rauni da rashin ƙarfi. A lokacin da mai tsanani, lalacewa na silicic acid ya auku, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar sinadarin sinadarai masu biyowa:

=

Har ila yau, ya zama mai raunin acid fiye da wannan kwalba. By nagarta na wannan silicic acid a cikin ruwa-ruwa mafita da aka rasa muhallinsu carbonic acid daga daban-daban salts. Alal misali, ana iya ganin wannan a cikin abin da ya faru:

= +

Ana kiran salts na silicic acid silicates. Suna da yawa a yanayi. Sabili da haka, abun da ke tattare da ɓaren ƙwayar ƙasa yafi hada silica da silicates. Wadannan sun hada da feldspar, daban-daban clays, Mika, talc, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Silicates an haɗa su a cikin abun da ke cikin duwatsu - granite, basalt da sauransu. Siffofin silicates ma sune sanannun duwatsun, wanda saboda girman kai da kyakkyawa suna da daraja, kamar emeralds, topazes da aquamarines.

Yawancin silicates ba su narke cikin ruwa ba. The kawai ware ne sodium silicates da potassium. Za'a iya samuwa ta hanyar narkewa tare da hydroxide mai dacewa ko carbonate. Alal misali,

+ = +

Matsalar ruwa mai kyau a wannan hanyar da aka samu salts an kira "gilashin ruwa". An yi amfani dashi a matsayin mai ɗaure a cikin samar da takaddama na acid, kuma an yi amfani dashi a cikin kullun dukkanin gwanin da aka sani da kuma gwanin ma'aikata. A matsayin wutan lantarki da tsabtace ruwa, an kuma bi da su da kayan da aka yi da zane, itace da takarda.

Silicates, wanda ya ƙunshi aluminum, an kira aluminosilicates. Wadannan sun hada da mica da feldspar, kodayake abun da suke da shi yafi rikitarwa. Saboda haka, feldspar, fãce silicon oxide da aluminum oxide ma ya ƙunshi oxides na sodium, potassium, da kuma sodium. A cikin mica, ban da aluminum da silicon, akwai hydrogen, sodium ko potassium, amma zai iya kasancewa, ko da yake ƙasa marar ma'ana, kuma calcium, magnesium ko baƙin ƙarfe.

Gaba ɗaya, yin amfani da silicates a yanayin zamani yana da yawa kuma ya bambanta. Ana amfani da duwatsu masu silin dutse a matsayin kayan gini. Ana yin amfani da silicates a matsayin kayan abinci mai kyau a cikin samar da ciminti, nau'o'in kayan ado, gilashi, da dai sauransu. Mica da asbestos suna amfani da su wajen yin kayan ado daban-daban da lantarki.