Hanyar ilimin kimiyya a cikin cognition na aiki mutum tunani

Kamar sauran kimiyya, ilimin kwakwalwa yana da nasarorinsa, wanda ke ƙayyade abin da yake hulɗar da, abin da yake nazari da abin da ke da nasaba da bincike. Wannan shine batun, ayyuka da hanyoyi na ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa - ƙananan "whales" guda uku wanda, a gaskiya, ya dogara da kimiyya.
Maganar ilimin kimiyya shine aiki da psyche, dokokinsa.

Ayyuka na ilimin tunani: sanin ilmin harshe da kuma hanyoyin samar da ayyukan tunani da aiki; Ƙididdiga da tsarin tsarin samfurori da alamu; Bayyana hanyoyin da za a aiwatar da ka'idar da aka kafa; Amfani mai kyau da kuma gabatar da sakamakon da ilimi ga rayuwa ta ainihi.

Psychology a cikin arsenal kuma yana da hanyoyi da dama. Bambancinsu yana da alaƙa da dalilai masu yawa: abubuwa da abubuwa na bincike, da dacewar hanyar daya ko wani a cikin wani yanayi, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ana bi da hanyoyi da hanyoyi daban-daban, akwai ɗakunan makarantu daban-daban, kuma lokaci ya daidaita da buƙatar wasu hanyoyi, saboda abin da wasu suka ɓace, wasu sun bayyana, kuma waɗanda suka kasance a halin yanzu suna mutunta. Duk da haka, akwai fassarar hanyoyin hanyoyin ilimin kimiyya, wadanda suke da yawa da kuma duniya. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan ƙayyadaddun ya samo daga B.G. Ananiev, wani masaniyar ilimin akidar Rasha.

To, menene hanyoyi na ilimin tunani Ananiev ya nuna?
1. Hanyar tsarawa. Wannan shi ne mafi yawan duniya a cikin ma'ana mai mahimmanci na rukuni na hanyoyin ilimin kimiyya, wanda aka gudanar da bincike. Wannan kungiyar hada da: kamanta hanya, a tsaye, hadaddun.
2. empirical hanyoyin. Wannan ita ce hanyar da ta fi dacewa da kuma kungiyoyi masu amfani da su akan abin da aikin bincike yake dogara. Bari mu nuna manyan hanyoyin da suke cikin wannan rukuni. Wadannan su ne: kallo, kai-kallo (da shi ne ake kira introspection), gwaji. A gwaji, a madadinsa, yana da bangarori daban-daban: ware dakin gwaje-gwaje, filin, horarwa, ilimin halayyar-halayen halitta, samfurin gyare-gyare da sauran nau'o'in gwaji. Na'urar (gwaji), wanda Lazursky ya gabatar da ita, ya kasance daya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi dacewa da ƙwarewa, tun a lokacin dukan wannan gwajin da batun bai sani ba game da shiga cikin binciken, sabili da haka, gaskiyar ba ta gurbata ba kuma ana samun sakamakon ta hanyar mafi dacewa .
Irin wadannan hanyoyin da ake da ita a matsayin jarrabawa, tambayoyin tambayoyin, tambayoyin, sune, hanya mafi tasiri da tasiri na binciken bincike. Duk da cewa an yi amfani da su har tsawon shekaru dari a aikin kwakwalwa, waɗannan hanyoyi ba su daina matsayinsu, kuma shahararrun su kawai ke tsiro.
Waɗanne hanyoyi na ilimin haɗin kai sun hada da wannan rukuni? Conversation hanya, samfurin analysis ayyuka da kuma yin tallan kayan kawa Hanyar.
3. Aiwatar da sakamakon. Wannan rukunin yana wakiltar haɗin kai na bincike na gwada yawa da na samfurin.
4. Hanyar fassara. Suna aiki don fassarar, fassara da bayyana sakamakon da aka samo sakamakon sakamakon bincike.

Yana da kyau a jaddada cewa hanyoyi daban-daban na ilimin halin kirki na da kyau ga daban-daban na ilimin halayyar mutum. Alal misali, hanyoyin da tunani na aikin za a dogara a kan wani tsarin (ga Kotelovoy):
1. A Hanyar kallo.
2. Hanyar binciken.
3. Tattaunawa don samar da takardu a matsayin mataimaki don hanyoyin farko da na biyu.
4. Fassara, tabbatarwa da ƙaddarawa a matsayi na ƙarshe

An bayar da wannan tsari a cikin wani sauƙi mai sauƙi, tun a cikin cikakken fassarar yana da kyau sosai. Amma a wannan yanayin matakan ilimin kimiyya da ka'idodinsu sun kasance a cikin wannan tsari. Amma ga wadanda ba na bincike ba, da kuma lokuta masu dacewa, wannan ya haɗa da hanyoyin da suka hada da horar da cigaba, wasanni da sauransu da ke taimakawa wajen inganta aikin basira.