Anatomy na ƙashin ƙugu: tsarin, ayyuka

By ƙashin ƙugu hada da pelvic ƙasũsuwa, sacrum, coccyx, pubic symphysis, da kuma jijiyoyin, gidajen abinci da kuma kunne. Wasu masanan sun koma zuwa gare shi da kuma yankin gwal.

A labarin da hulda da ilimin halittàr jiki da ƙashin ƙugu: kwarangwal tsarin, murdede tsarin, haihuwa da kuma excretory gabobin.

Tsarin pelvic na ƙashin ƙugu

Kwalaran ƙashin ƙugu yana kunshe da ƙasusuwa pelvic, da kuma saƙar fata. Kowannensu yana da tabbaci. Ilium, kuma coccygeal articulates da sacrum.

Ƙashin ƙugu ya raba zuwa babban da ƙananan sashi.

Na farko ya ƙunshi tarnaƙi da fuka-fukan ƙasusuwan iliac. A gefen ciki shine iliac rami, da kuma waje - rami mai zurfi.

Ƙananan ƙwallon ƙwallon yana kunshe da ɓangaren cylindrical tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan (watau, ɗan shiga da wata majiya).

Kashi mai yaduwa yana da sauki, wanda zai taimaka mata a lokacin haihuwa. Cikin ƙashin ƙwayar ƙashin ƙashin ƙugu yana da bambancin da ke tsakanin maza da mata:

• Yarinyar mace yana da tsawo da kuma kunkuntar, a cikin mata ya fi guntu kuma ya fi girma;
• Kogin namiji na ƙashin ƙugu ne mai laushi, mace - cylindrical;
• Fuka-fuki na sararin samaniya a cikin maza sun fi dacewa, a cikin mata - mafi mahimmanci;
• Rassan rassan kasuwa a cikin maza suna yin kusurwa na digiri 70-75, a cikin mata 90-100 digiri;
• A cikin maza, siffar ƙofar tana tunawa da zuciya (kamar a kan katunan), a cikin mata yana zagaye, ko da yake yana faruwa cewa mata suna da ƙofar a matsayin "zuciya ta zuciya".

Bundles

Hanyoyin haɓaka suna haɓaka ƙasusuwan kasusuwan kasusuwan kasusuwan kasusuwan kasusuwan da ake magana da su a sama. An taimaki su ta haɗuwa da haɗin gwiwa guda uku: haɗin fuska gaba ɗaya (biyu ba a biya su ba), sacroiliac (biyu) da fusion sacrococcygeal.

Daya an located a kan pubic kashi zuwa saman baki, da kuma sauran - daga kasa. Ramin na uku ƙarfafa zane-zane na ƙasusuwan sacral da iliac.

Muscular tsarin ƙashin ƙugu

A cikin wannan ɓangaren, ƙwayar jikin ƙashin ƙugu yana wakiltar ƙwayar nama da visceral. A cikin sashi na farko a cikin babban ƙwararren akwai ƙwayar tsoka wanda ya kunshi nau'i uku, m.psoas manyan kuma m.psoas ƙananan haɗi. A cikin ƙananan ƙwararren ƙwayar wannan ƙwayar ƙwayar nama tana wakiltar tsoka da ƙwayar fata, ƙuƙwalwar ciki da ƙwayoyin coccygeal.

Musculatce na visceral yana da hannu wajen samuwar diaphic diaphragm. Ya haɗa da tsokoki guda biyu waɗanda suke dauke da karfin da ba su da kariya ko tsinkaye.

A nan ne tsohuwar ƙwayar tsohuwar jiki, ilio-coccygeal, kazalika da tsohuwar ƙwayar madauri na ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙwayar.

Jinin jini da kuma tsarin lymphatic

Jinin yana shiga ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (jiki a nan ya ƙunshi ƙaddamar da gangar ƙirar ciki da gabobin ciki) daga magungunan hypogastric. An raba kashi ɗaya a gaba da baya, sannan kuma zuwa wasu rassan.

A cikin ƙwayoyin yalwar ƙirar ƙira, jini yana gudana ta cikin jirgin guda ɗaya na a.iliolumbalis, wanda ya zama rassan cikin rassa biyu.

Ganuwar ƙananan kwaskwarima na samar da arteries huɗu:

• Tsakanin na sacral;
• Tsarin;
• Hawan saman;
• Ƙananan kyauta.

A roundabout wurare dabam dabam ya shafi jini na ciki bango da retroperitoneum. A cikin zagaye mai zub da jini, manyan ɓangarori suna tafiya tsakanin manyan ƙananan ƙira. Akwai ciwon hauka mai ƙananan hauka wanda yake kusa da ginin masauki da kuma cikin kauri, da kuma ƙarƙashin peritoneum na ƙashin ƙugu. Lokacin da katange manyan kwakwalwan pelvic, ɓangaren kashin baya, kagu, baya na ciki na ciki da kuma suturar retroperitoneal suna aiki ne a kan hanya.

Jiki na kwaskwarima, kamar sauran tsarin, ya nuna bambancin ilimin halittu na tasoshin a cikin lymph.

Babban magungunan lymphatic daga kwayoyin pelvic su ne lymphatic plexus, lymph distracting.

Kogi na Lymphatic ƙarƙashin peritoneum yawanci sun wuce a matakin tsakiyar bene na ƙashin ƙugu.

Ajiyewa

An rarraba hanyoyi na wannan yankin zuwa:

• Somatic;
• Vegetative (parasympathetic da tausayi).

Tsarin tsarin jijiyoyi na wakilci yana wakiltar plexus sacral hade da plexus lumbar. Abin tausayi - wani ɓangare na ƙwanƙolin iyakoki da kuma kumburi mai kwalliya marasa tabbacin. Maganin sutura na parasympathetic su ne nn.pelvici s.splanchnici sacrales.

Kuttura

Sau da yawa ananan jikin da ke cikin gurasar ba a haɗa su a ƙashin ƙugu ba. Duk da haka, topographically, ya kamata a kira shi a nan, kuma ba ga ƙananan ƙarancin ba. Sabili da haka, za mu ambaci shi a taƙaice.

Sama da gundumar yankin yana iyakancewa daga yanayin da aka sare, kuma daga ƙasa - ta hanyar gwanin dutse, wanda a ƙarƙashinsa yake da zinare. Daga gefen da ke gefe, zaku iya wakiltar layi na tsaye daga jere na kasusuwa, kuma daga tsakiya - dukkanin yankuna sun rabu da wani shinge megacollow.

Ka yi la'akari da jikin mutum a cikin wannan layi ta layi:

• Fata na wannan yanki yana da haske kuma mai yawa;
• Sanda na karkashin jiki tare da tsofaffi, tsakiya da ƙananan jijiyoyi an bunkasa;
• Sa'an nan kuma ya bi da farantin farantin gilashin kayan abinci;
• Gilashin abu mai yawa;
• Gluteus fascia fascia;
• Nauka mai ƙanshi tsakanin tsoka da tsoka da tsakiya na tsoka;
• Tsakanin tsakiya na tsokoki;
• Deep Layer na tsokoki;
• Kasusuwa.

Ƙungiyar ta'aziyya

Abun ciki na ƙananan ƙwallon ƙwayar ya haɗa da kwayar halitta marar tsabta - mafitsara. Ya ƙunshi saman, jiki, kasa da wuyansa. Daya sashi a nan ya shiga wani. Ƙaddamarwa mai ƙare tare da urosital diaphragm. Lokacin da mafitsara ya fara cika, siffarsa ta zama abin ƙyama. Tare da siffar banza, siffar tana kusa da saucer-like.

Jinin jini ya fito ne daga tsarin jigilar hypogastric, kuma ana iya fitar da kwafin jini a cikin babban plexus plexus, wanda yake kusa da labaran da kuma glandan prostate.

Ana yin ajiyar ajiya ta hanyar ƙwayoyin mahimmanci da masu cin nama.

Tsarin ya fara farawa daga tsarin gine-gine. Sashi na sama an samo shi daga endoderm, kuma ƙaramin ya bayyana ta hanyar juyawa daga farfajiyar ectodermal Layer.

Tsarin ya kasance a matakin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar. An rarraba zuwa sassa uku: babba, tsakiya da ƙananan.

Musculature yana wakilci ne na waje ta filastan filasta, da kuma ciki - ta madauwari. Mucous kunshi yawa folds. Tunawa a nan yana kama da abin da ya faru a cikin mafitsara.

Jima'i tsarin

Ba tare da tsarin haihuwa ba zai yiwu a yi la'akari da ƙirar (tsarin). Halin jikin wannan yanki a cikin jinsi biyu ya kunshi glandan jima'i, kullun kullun, canal, magunguna na Mulleriya, sinus na genitourinary da kuma genital tubercles, raguwa da ridges.

Glandan jima'i yana dagewa a cikin kasan baya kuma ya zama jigilar kwayoyin halitta ko ovary, bi da bi. Ana kuma kwantar da jikin Wolffian, canal da kuma muller a nan. Duk da haka, a kan gaba, tashoshin mullerian suna bambanta a cikin mace, kuma jikin mutum yana da jikin kullun da kullun.

Sauran matakan da suka kasance suna nunawa a jikin gabobin waje.

Ovary da ovary girma a baya da peritoneum.

Tsarin ɗa namiji yana wakiltar:

• Wani nau'i na kayan aikin, wanda ya kunshi fatar jiki, harsashi na nama, Cooper fascia, cremaster, na kowa da ƙananan fata, mai gashi;
• Taro ta tarbiyya;
• Hanyar Lymphatic;
• Shafi wanda ya ƙunshi sassa uku (shugaban, jiki da wutsiya);
• Ƙungiyar spermatic;
• Magunguna masu tsabta (m shanye tare da bayonet protrusions);
• Glanden ƙwayar ƙasa (kwayar murya-kwayoyin halitta tsakanin diaphragm da kasa na mafitsara);
• A azzakari yana kunshe da sassa uku (tushe, jiki da kai);
• Urethra.

Anatomy of mace kafafuwa hada da haihuwa tsarin na:

• Uterus (ƙananan tashoshi na Muller);
• Ovaries dake cikin fossa na musamman na ovarian;
• Turancin Fallopin da ke kunshe da sassan hudu (rami, ɓangaren daskararrun, ismus da wani ɓangare na haɓakar bango);
• Sarauniya;
• Tsarin haihuwa, wanda ya kunshi manyan labia vulva da vulva.

Crotch

Wannan yanki yana samuwa daga zane-zane zuwa saman kashin coccygeal na ƙashin ƙugu.

Abun ciki na perineum a cikin maza da mata ya kasu kashi biyu: sham (gaban) da kuma tsuli (baya). Tigun mai daukar nauyin azabar yana dacewa da gaban yankin, da kuma dubun daga baya.

Kammalawa

Wannan shine tsari na ƙashin ƙugu a matsayin cikakke. Halin jikin wannan yanki shine tsarin tsari. Wannan labarin ya ba da taƙaitacciyar taƙaitaccen abin da ya ƙunshi kuma yadda yake aiki.