Da abun da ke ciki na ɗan adam

Saliva mai haske ne wanda ba shi da launi. Wannan shi ne asirin da ke cikin salivary gland aka raba a baka rami. Yana bayar da tsinkayyar dandano, yana inganta haɗin gwiwa, yana lubricate abinci mai cinye. Bugu da ƙari, ciwon yana da nau'o'in bactericidal, wanke bakin, yana kare hakora daga lalacewa. Dangane da enzymes da ke cikin ɓoye, narkewa da carbohydrates farawa a bakin. Labarin zai magance abun da ke ciki da kuma aikin ɗan adam.

Halaye na gland

Wadannan glanders da ke cikin sashi na ɓangaren hanyoyin narkewa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da kyakkyawar yanayin ɓangaren kwakwalwa na mutum kuma su shiga cikin tsari mai narkewa. A salivary gland a magani za a iya raba kananan da manyan. Na farko sun hada da buccal, molar, labial, lingual, palatine, amma mun fi sha'awar manyan glandes, saboda salivation yafi faruwa a cikinsu.

Wadannan ɓoye sun hada da sublingual, submaxillary, parotid gland. Na farko, kamar haka daga sunan, an samo a cikin hyoid ninka a ƙarƙashin mucosa na baka. Wadanda ke ƙarƙashin su suna cikin ƙananan ɓangaren jaw. Mafi girma shine gland, wanda ya kunshi nau'in lobules.

Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin salivary ba su da saurin salivate, suna samar da asiri na asali, kuma an kafa sifa a lokacin da aka ɓoye wannan ɓoye a ɓoye na bakin ciki tare da sauran abubuwa.

Biochemical abun da ke ciki

Saliva yana da nauyin acidity daga 5.6 zuwa 7.6 kuma yana da ruwa 98.5 cikin dari, kuma yana dauke da abubuwa masu sifofi, salts na albarkatun daban, cations na ƙwayoyin alkaline, wasu bitamin, lysozyme da sauran enzymes. Wadannan abubuwa sunadaran sunadaran sunadaran sunadarai wadanda aka hada su a cikin gland. Wasu sunadaran suna daga asalin kwayoyin halitta.

Enzymes

Daga dukkan abubuwan da suka hada da jikin mutum, mafi girma sha'awa shine wakilcin enzymes. Wannan kwayoyin abubuwa da ciwon proteinaceous asalin, wanda aka kafa a jikin Kwayoyin da kuma hanzarta sunadarai matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikinta. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin enzymes babu canjin yanayi, sun zama wani mai haɗari, amma a lokaci guda suna riƙe da abun da suke ciki da tsari.

Menene enzymes sun kasance ɓangare na yau? Babban su ne maltase, amylase, ptyalin, peroxidase, oxidase da sauran abubuwan gina jiki. Suna yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci: suna inganta yalwar abinci, samar da kayan aiki na farko, samar da kayan abinci da kayan mucous musamman - mucin - rufe shi. Don sanya shi mafi sauƙi, ƙwayoyin enzymes da suke samar da harshe suna taimakawa wajen cin abinci da matakansa zuwa cikin ciki ta hanyar esophagus. Dole ne mu tuna da sauye-sauye: abinci tare da shawaɗɗa na yau da kullum yana cikin bakin kawai don ashirin zuwa 30 seconds, sa'an nan kuma shiga cikin ciki, amma salusary enzymes ko da bayan haka ci gaba da samun tasiri a kan abinci mai dunƙule.

Bisa ga binciken kimiyya, enzymes a cikin duka sun shafi abinci na kimanin minti talatin, har sai lokacin da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya fara farawa.

Sauran abubuwa a cikin abun da ke ciki

Yawancin mutane a cikin guba suna da antigens musamman, wanda ya dace da antigens jini. Har ila yau, ya gano wasu sunadarai na musamman - phosphoprotein, wadanda suka hada da samuwar plaque a kan hakora da tartar, da kuma salivoprotein, wanda ke taimakawa wajen shigar da mahaɗin phosphorocalcium akan hakora.

A cikin ƙananan yawa, abun da ke ciki na ma'auni ya hada da cholesterol da saturarsu, glycerophospholipids, acid fatty acid, hormones (estrogens, progesterone, cortisol, testosterone), da kuma bitamin da sauran abubuwa. Ma'adanai suna wakiltar sunadarai na chlorides, bicarbonates, iodides, phosphates, bromides, fluorides, cations na sodium, magnesium, jan ƙarfe, potassium, calcium, strontium, jan karfe, da dai sauransu. Abinci bayan da aka sanya shi da sirri an sanya shi ta farko don maganin rigakafin rigakafi a cikin rami na baki, a yayin da ake yawan hydrolyzed amino-carbohydrates na amylase zuwa maltose da dextrins.

Ayyuka

Mun riga mun taba aiki a kan ayyukan yaudara, amma yanzu zamu tattauna game da su a cikin dalla-dalla. Don haka, gland ya ɓullo da asirin, ya hade tare da wasu abubuwa kuma ya kafa fata. Menene ya faru a gaba? Saliva fara shirya abinci don ciwon narkewa a cikin duodenum da ciki. Bugu da ƙari, kowane enzyme wanda yake cikin sifa, yana hanzarta wannan tsari a wasu lokuta, raguwa zuwa kananan abubuwa (monosaccharides, maltose), abubuwan da aka samo daga cikin samfurori (polysaccharides, sunadarai, carbohydrates).

A yayin bincike na kimiyya an bayyana cewa, banda ganyayyaki abinci, mutum yana da wasu muhimman ayyuka. Sabili da haka, yana da muryar maganin mucosa da kuma hakora daga microhoganic microorganisms da samfurorin da suka dace da su. Matsayi mai kariya yana aiki da immunoglobulins da lysozyme, waxanda suke cikin ɓangaren kwayoyin halitta. A sakamakon aikin sirri, an yi amfani da mucosa mai mahimmanci, kuma wannan aikin ya zama dole don yanayin zirga-zirga na sinadarai tsakanin zafin jiki da na mucosa na baka.

Fluctuations a cikin abun da ke ciki

Abubuwan da suka gina jiki da nauyin sunadarai sun bambanta dangane da gudun da yanayin yanayin pathogen. Alal misali, tare da yin amfani da Sweets, kukis, matakin lactate da glucose a cikin kwakwalwan gaji na kara dan lokaci. A yayin da ake motsa jiki na salivation, ɓoye na sodium, bicarbonates yana rage raguwa, yawan nauyin iodine da potassium sun rage kadan. Da abun da ke ciki na ɗan adam wanda smokes ya hada da sau da yawa more thiocyanates idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba smokers.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da wasu abubuwa sun bambanta da wasu yanayi na cututtuka da cututtuka. Abubuwan da suka hada da sinadarin sunadaran yau da kullum sun kasance daidai da sauye-sauyen yau da kullum kuma ya dogara da shekaru, misali, a cikin tsofaffi, matakin ma'auni yana ƙaruwa. Canje-canje na iya hade da maye da shan magunguna. Sabili da haka, yawancin saurin salivation yana faruwa a lokacin jin dadi; A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, yawan glucose ƙara; a yanayin saukan uremia qara abun ciki na saura nitrogen. Lokacin da abun ciki na iska ya canza, haɗarin cututtuka na hakori da ƙwayoyi masu narkewa yana ƙaruwa.

Sarrafawa

A al'ada na rana a cikin balagagge mutum an rarraba shi har zuwa lita biyu na man fetur, saboda haka ragowar lalacewa ba ta da ma'auni: a lokacin mafarki yana da kadan (a cikin minti daya - kasa da 0,05 milliliters), a tashin hankali - a cikin minti daya kimanin 0,5 milliliters, a cikin motsa jiki na salivation - Mintina har zuwa 2.3 milliliters. Asirin da ɓoye yake ɓoyewa a cikin baki yana haɗuwa cikin abu ɗaya. Ruwa mai laushi (ko gauraye mai haɗuwa) yana nuna cewa akwai ciwon microflora wanda ke kunshe da kwayoyin cuta, spirochaetes, fungi, samfurorin da suka dace da su, da kuma jikin salivary (leukocytes da suka yi hijira a cikin kogi na baka ta hanyar danko) da kuma kariya daga jikin sel. Abinda yake ciki na fata, da kari, ya hada da fitarwa daga kofar hanci, sputum, erythrocytes.

Fasali na salivation

Salivation yana sarrafawa ta hanyar tsarin kulawa mai kwakwalwa. A cikin ƙuƙwalwar ƙwallon ƙafa shi ne cibiyoyinta. A lokacin da aka kawo karshen motsa jiki, yawancin ma'auni, wanda yana da ƙananan abun ciki na gina jiki, an kafa shi. Sabanin haka, jin daɗin tausayi yana haifar da ɓoyewar ƙananan ruwa.

Rashin raguwa na ragewa saboda rashin jin tsoro, damuwa, rashin jin dadi, kusan yana tsayawa lokacin da mutum yake barci. Amfanin ingantawa na rabuwa ya auku ne ƙarƙashin rinjayar dandano da abubuwan da suka dace kuma sakamakon sakamakon motsa jiki da aka samar da manyan barbashi na abinci a lokacin shayewa.