Smolensk aiki, code-mai suna "Suvorov". A hanya na yaƙi, da tawagar results. da kwato Smolensk

Soviet Smolensk aiki codenamed "Suvorov" da aka gudanar a watan Agusta-Oktoba 1943. Sharadi gwargwado ga wani hari a cikin wannan yanki ɓullo da bayan da Red Army ta samu nasara a cikin jini Battle of Kursk da ayyukan soji a cikin gundumomi na Kharkov, kuma Orel. Duka a cikin shugabanci na Smolensk ya muhimmanci, domin tare da shi, da Soviet shugabanci da aka je kunnen doki da sojojin sama na Wehrmacht, kuma ba bari su je kudu maso yammacin. Bugu da kari, shi ne a nan a nan gaba ya fara da kwato Belarus.

A halin da ake ciki a gaban kuma kwamandojin

A Jamus umurnin gudanar a cikin sama kai na da Dnieper da ke makwabtaka da yammacin Dvina ( "Smolensk ƙofar"), wani babban rukuni na sojojin. A kan wani tsawon kilomita 600 Wehrmacht mayar da hankali 40 cikakken taru da kuma ci-gaba rarrabuwa. Suka bambanta da wani da-sanye take, zurfin tsaron gida. Wannan rukuni ne har yanzu barazana ga Tsakiya Industrial District of Tarayyar Soviet. Ta rufe guntu hanyoyi da Baltic Amurka da kuma Belarus. Riga kan wannan, da Smolensk aiki ya kamata ya zama wani tsanani gwajin for Tarayyar Soviet.

Smolenskaya m aka caje Yammacin kuma Kalinin fronts. Su burin ne su kayar da gefen hagu na "Center" rukuni na sojojin. Na biyu aiki - domin kafa iko a kan kasashen waje Roslavl-Smolensk. A hagu flank na Kalinin Front, umarta ta Janar Andrei Yeremenko. Part rayayye yin mu'amala tare da sojojin inganta a kan Belgorod-Kharkov, kuma Bryansk yankunan.

Na biyu general, ta hanyar wanda ya zama nasara wannan aiki ya Vasily Sokolovsky, kwamandan a lokacin da kasashen yammacin Front. Daga baya ya zama Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma za su kasance a sanya hannu na yi sallama na Jamus.

Jamus tsaro

Don rike Lines da kuma gabas Roslavl Smolensk maƙiyi sanye take shida tsaron gida zones, jimlar zurfin wanda ya 100-130 kilomita. M, aka halicce su a kan bankunan na gudãna: yammacin Dvina, Ugra, da Dnieper, da Desna, Sozh. Tsakanin wadannan Lines na tsaro a cikin ƙauyuka da kuma a kan farar da tunani da maki.

Tank m yankunan da aka rufe da dragon ta hakora, zurfin ramuka, kuma juji. Yanayi a wadda shige Smolenskaya aiki falala a kansu Jamus tsaron gida. Shi ne mai Woodland da gagarumin yankunan dausayi. Cities Roslavl Elnya, Smolensk Iartsevo Dorogobuzh, Demidov, tama, Dukhovshchina, Suraż, Vitebsk zama m juriya nodes. Kusance su (kazalika da manyan hanyoyi da gadoji) aka mined.

Shiri ga shekara

A lokacin da shiri na manyan-sikelin regrouping na sojojin da aka gudanar a Smolensk aiki, kazalika da massing na sojojin da kuma wajen. A yammacin gaban da bindiga 58 ƙungiyoyin 42 ƙungiyoyin kasaftawa domin samar feat. Irfan kungiyoyin. Don m management da kuma kungiyar na farko na kallo, kuma umurnin posts kusa da dakarun kai tsaye. Kowane harbi division alhakin kimanin 2 km dogon nasara rabo.

Air goyon bayan ayyukan da za'ayi 1st da 3rd iska sojojin. A abun da ke ciki na farko daga gare su shiga rajimanti "Normandy", wanda aka staffed da waje matuka daga Faransa. Agaji aka horar a cikin jirgin sama makaranta a Ivanovo da kuma sanya wani muhimmin taimako da shan kashi na Jamus.

Injiniyoyin da kuma kayan tallafi

Operation "Suvorov" bukaci musamman da hankali ga utilities. Sojojin aka keta Jamus tsaro a cikin zurfin a cikin ruwa weather yanayi da kuma wuya ƙasa. Army Corps na Engineers barrantar minefields kuma sanye take da farawa matsayi ga m. Sun kuma kiyaye a cikin al'ada jihar hanya da hasumiyar hanya. A sashi na gaba wani babban yawan ruwa Lines, wanda aka sanye take da mararraba wajen.

Za'ayi fasaha da kuma kayan tallafi na Soviet sojojin. By farkon na aiki, da Red Army an talakawan na biyu na asali harsasai harsasai, wanda ya ba da isasshen a breakout hankali tattalin Jamus tsaron gida. Sane da gazawa a cikin man fetur hannun jari. Ko da yake soja jagorancin kokarin shigar da Wehrmacht rudani da Jamus san cewa Red Army da aka shirya domin a manyan sikelin-hari. A wannan batun, da Wehrmacht da a cikin kusanci da Smolensk, matsakaicin yiwu yawan rarrabuwa. Soviet disinformation ya zama yafi dacewa a mataki na biyu na Smolensk m.

Fara na aiki

Hankali shirye m na Soviet sojojin fara 7 ga watan Agusta, 1943 (ta mataki na farko da aka kira da Mai Ceto Demenskoj aiki). A ranar da hari fara 5th da kuma 10th Guards da 33rd Army. A yãƙi bi da manyan bindigogi shiri. Bege mai sauri-fashe aka ba shi barata.

A Agusta 8 m shige 31st Army a kan Yartsevskaya shugabanci. Promotion ya kaɗan. Kashegari, babban fadace-fadace sun sake a cikin kusanci da Spas-Demensk. Jamusawa canjawa wuri nan daga gefen shugabanci na Orlowski da Smolenskaya aiki ya jinkirin. Makiya sojojin ably tako har juriya. A rana ta huɗu na m na Red Army kutsa cikin German tsaro gudana a cikin Kirov gundumar birnin. Goma sojojin ketare kogin Bolva. Promotion ya game nisan kilomita 20.

A hanya na yaƙi

A cikin wannan shirin, 13 Agusta fara ta m Kalinin Front. A Duhovschinskom shugabanci sun 39th da 43rd Army. Domin kwanaki biyar da suka ci gaba ne kawai 6-7 kilomita. A daidai wannan lokaci, wadannan mahadi gaza rike saukar da rundunõni na Wehrmacht. Ta hanyar da ayyuka ga m na Yammacin Front fara. Operation "Suvorov" da aka gudanar tare da hadin gwiwa da yawa kungiyoyin, da kuma wasu daga cikin sojojin dole zo da ceto wasu.

By Agusta 16 da Red Army shiga garin Zhizdra. Kwana uku daga baya aka yanke shawarar dakatar da m. Wannan ya yi domin a cire sama da raya na stragglers. Ba tare da wannan ya gagara samar da raka'a da man fetur da kuma harsasai. A lokacin farko da makonni biyu na kasashen Turai da kuma Kalinin fronts kutsa tsaron yankin na Wehrmacht a cikin shugabanci na Mai-Ceto Demensk, da ciyar da tazarar kilomita 40 da kuma saki game da rabin dubu ƙauyuka.

biyu kafa

New Elninskaya-Dorogobuzhskaya aiki ya fara Agusta 28, 1943. A ranar farko, Soviet sojojin tafi 9 kilomita. Ga ci gaban da samun nasara a yakin da aka gabatar 5th Mechanized da 2nd Guards Tank Corps. Jamus tura anti-tanki bindigogi da kuma kokarin dakatar da gaba na yau da kullum counterattacks. Duk da haka, da kokarin bai isa ba. 30 ga watan Agusta yajin karfi karya tsari da juriya a nuna na da Ugra River , da kuma da yamma dauki Yelnya.

Operation "Suvorov" shi ne na farko ya zo da kyakkyawan sakamako ba. News of nasarar da Red Army a Yelnya tilasta Jamus don motsawa a cikin shugabanci na Dorogobuzh. A bin wadannan sassa, da Red Army sun yi nisa 18 kilomita, kammala a game da 200 garuruwa, kauyuka da kananan garuruwa. A lokacin yaƙi, a kauyen Borisovka talakawa Tashtemir Rustemov rufe a Jamus na'ura gun, wanda ya sa aka posthumously zama Hero na Tarayyar Soviet.

hanyar yamma

Kuma a kan Satumba 1 Red Army 'yanci Dorogobuzh. Sun shiga garin na Yammacin Front. Suna nẽman shiryuwa Vasily Sokolovsky. A mayar da martani ga wannan da Wehrmacht jefa fitar da karin reserves na iko. Soviet gaba ragae.

Shida daga Satumba, da Red Army tsaya, kai da nuna-Gorbachevka Savka Kananan-Big-Nezhoda Mancina. Ga ci gaba da iko defenses da horar da kyau m cikas da wuta tsarin da aka halicce su. A lokacin Elnensko-Dorogobuzhskaya aiki, da Red Army sun ci gaba 30-40 kilomita, Mastering Yelnia, Dorogobuzh da kuma dubban more ƙauyuka.

sabon ci gaba

A ta karshe mataki na Smolensk aiki 1943 zai kai ga samun 'yanci na Smolensk, kuma Roslavl. Shiri na gaba hari dauki kwanaki da dama. A hagu flank na Kalinin Front, fara a kan Satumba 14 Duhovschinskom Demidov-aiki, da kuma dakarun na yammacin Front Kashegari - da Smolensk-Roslavl. All mako kafin na gaba jerk, da Red Army da aka gyarawa a kan m Lines.

Kalinin m sassa na gaba a cikin shugabanci Dukhovshchina gudanar. A kan Hauwa'u na soja jagoranci da taimakon horar da regrouping iya ɓatar da makiya game da gaskiya wuri na Soviet sojojin. Disinformation sun ƙarya tsaron gida aiki. Duk wannan ne kawai da gudummawar da nasarar da mai zuwa aiki.

hukunci kwanaki

By 15 Satumba da 39th da 43rd na Kalinin Front sojojin halakar da dama raka'a kewaye da Wehrmacht da kuma fa] a] a gaban ya nasara to da nisan kilomita 30. A cikin dare na 19, da lambar bayan da hari da aka mayar da karfi da masu garu da muhimmanci cibiyar da juriya a cikin shugabanci na Smolensk-Dukhovshchina. Kashegari, a karkashin iko da Soviet sojojin bayyana Yartsevo.

Operation a Smolensk zo don ta hukunci lokaci. A mafi nasara yi na Yammacin Front. Domin 5 kwanaki sun kasance iya motsa a nisan kilomita 30. A Kremlin Ya yi umurni da a sakar Smolensk a kan Satumba 27 da 21, da lambar da aka saki Demidov. Bayan da asarar birnin makiya ya fara tattara zuwa hagu flank na Kalinin Front, wanda yayi 43rd Army. By 24 Satumba, Soviet sojojin sun 10 km daga ta babban burin.

da kwato Smolensk

A rana guda - Satumba 25 - ya kwata 'yanci na Smolensk, kuma Roslavl. Wadannan birane da dabarun muhimmancin. Smolensk ya Tsaro Forces naúrar na Wehrmacht cikin yamma. Farko shi hada da 5 ga watan, 31 th da 58 ga watan Army. Rasa sadarwa nodes, maƙiyi kokarin dakatar da Soviet sojojin a kan waɗansu kõguna na vortex da coolant, amma Red Army dakile wadannan yunkurin.

Kuma a 29 ga watan Satumba da aka saki ne wani karfi maki - Rudnya. Sassa na Yammacin Front haye kogin Sozh. Sun shiga garin Mstislavl, Red, Krichev. Sassa na Yammacin Front ya ci gaba da kai farmaki a kan Roslavl shugabanci inda sojoji suka taimaki sojojin na Bryansk Front. A 'yan kwanaki daga baya, a kan 2 Oktoba, sun kai ga Yiwuwa River. Wannan nasara sa a Smolensk m aiki. Army Group "Center" fuskantar matsanancin faduwa.

sakamakon

Godiya ga Smolensk dabarun m aka niƙa "Gabas shaft" na Wehrmacht a cikin sama kai na cikin Dnieper. Army na biyu fronts shige 200-225 kilomita. All aka saki fiye da 7000 ƙauyuka. Daga cikinsu akwai birane kamar Smolensk, Yelnya, Roslavl, Yartsevo Dorogobuzh, Demidov, Spas-Demensk, Dukhovshchina da sauransu.

bakwai, maƙiyi ƙungiyoyin da aka lalata. Nasara kammala aiki na Smolensk yarda gama yaƙi na Kursk, da yaƙi domin Dnepr jefa kuma gudanar da wani aiki na da cikakken 'yanci na Donets Basin.

Cikin dukanin m, da Red Army samu babba taimako daga abokan gaba da aiki a raya na guerrillas. Domin watanni biyu da suka kusan derailed 200 maƙiyi jiragen kasa, ya hura tashi 10 dubu reluwe halaka game da 6000 sojojin abokan gaba. Kawai don su yi yaƙi da guerrillas Jamus umurnin da ya haifar da hudu raba tsaro division.

Total Soviet hasarori a cikin Smolensk aiki amounted zuwa kimanin 450 000 mutane (ciki har da 107 dubu - da deadweight). Bisa ga sakamakon da m, da 104th sadarwa sanya da kansa girmamawa lakabi - .. Yelnya, Smolensk, Yartsevo, Roslavl, da dai sauransu Dubban sojoji da guerrillas samu lambar yabo, da kuma musamman a rarrabe heroism - mafi girma suna daga cikin Hero na Tarayyar Soviet.