Armoured jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik" (1892). Jirãge na Rasha na mallaka Navy

Rasha jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik" ya zama sananne a ko'ina cikin duniya godiya ga wani zalunci yaƙi, a Korean Gulf a lokacin da Rasha-Japanese yaki. Kewaye da matukan jirgin yanke shawarar nutse cikin jirgin, don haka da cewa shi bai samu abokan hamayyarsu. Kafin faduwa a Korean Bay jirgin ruwa na soja gudanar for watanni don tarwatsa dakarun na Japan jiragen ruwa, zuwa ga hare-hare daga Vladivostok.

yi

Shahararren sulke jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik" shi ne brainchild na Baltic shuka. Wannan jirgin da aka halitta a cikin zãfi da wani soja tseren da Birtaniya sojojin ruwa. A jirgin ya kamata ya zama wani cancanci analogue na Turanci da sauri Cruisers "Blake." A 1888, da Baltic shuka injiniyoyi sun samarwa da wani daftarin aiki to Admiral Chikhacheva da sojan ruwan na kwamitin (ITC).

Daftarin aiki da aka redesigned. A nan gaba MTK jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik" rabu da wasu zane flaws da fasaha kayan aiki. A zane da aka amince da Sarkin sarakuna Alexander III. Yi ya fara ranar May 19, 1890. Bayan shekaru biyu na aikin Baltic masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa shirya jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik". Yana da aka kaddamar a 1892, da kuma a 1895, jirgin da aka sa a cikin aiki.

Yana da aka zaci cewa jirgin zai zama na farko a cikin jerin irin wannan Cruisers. Gina bayan "Stormbreaker" da "Rasha" ba tagwaye yan'uwansa, da kuma gyare-gyare (tare da wani ƙara kawar da). Sha'awa, da "Rurik" Fe tsara a matsayin wani m interceptor Birtaniya m jiragen ruwa. Ya ya kamata mu yi haka a yi amfani da taron na yaki da Great Britain. Bugu da kari, cikin sharuddan tunani shi ne ake bukata don ƙirƙirar wani abin hawa da za su iya motsawa daga Baltic Sea zuwa Far East ba tare da ya ƙara yawan man fetur ko abin wuta da kwal. Don je wannan hanya, da ƙungiya yi gudãna zagaye kudancin teku, da kusan dukkan Eurasia.

A Pacific jiragen ruwa

Kusan nan da nan bayan da jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik" da aka gina, da Navy yanke shawarar su jefa shi cikin tekun Pacific. Wannan sauya an hade da Ɗaukaka da tashin hankali a cikin Far East. A wuri na rajista da sabon jirgin ya da tashar jiragen ruwa na Vladivostok. Tsinkãyi rikici da United Kingdom bai faru ba.

Maimakon haka, a watan Fabrairu 1904, da Rasha-Japanese yaki. A wannan lokaci, "Rurik", kamar yadda ya saba, a Vladivostok. Bi ta domin tafiya zuwa teku da kuma yajin aiki a tsakanin Sin da Japan cinikayya da ruwa kai. Za teku jiragen ruwa musayar gaishe da birnin. Suka rako taron na fararen hula. Babban aiki na rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda a Bugu da kari ga "Rurik" kunshi "Bogatyr", "Rasha" da "Stormbreaker", ya mai shagala Japan sojojin. Idan abokan gaba jiragen ruwa da aka raba, sa'an nan kare sansanin soja na Port Arthur zai zama sauki.

"Rurik", mukaddashin a Tekun Japan, ya halakar da kai jiragen ruwa dauke da sojoji da kuma soja kaya, bakin teku, daga jirgi da located a kan bankunan da makiya gine-gine. Kamar yadda jirgin ruwa na soja da aka muhimmanci m yi kari iya zama da dukan kungiyar maimakon akayi daban-daban. Vladivostok rundujar soja masu dawaki koma kawai ga filin ajiye motoci, dole su cika da wadata da gudanar fita.

A farko yaƙin neman zaɓe

A farko tafiya jirgin ruwa na soja buga Tsugaru mashigar. Yana da aka shirya cewa gaba manufa za ta zama birni na Wonsan (zamani Wonsan). Duk da haka, a cikin hanyar wani jirgin kama a wani hadari. Tun da shi ne hunturu a kan kalanda, da ruwa da samun shiga cikin gun, nan da nan ya juya zuwa kankara. Saboda wannan, da rundujar soja masu dawaki ya zama m ga mataki. Weather da kuma canjin yanayi sun gaske ba mafi kyau. Domin bar Vladivostok Cruisers ya jira domin icebreaker zai bude hanya ta cikin daskararre bay.

Wannan abin da damuwa ya sa gwamnatin Rasha ya dauki wani Sin sansanin soja na Port Arthur. Its tashar jiragen ruwa da aka ba misãlin. Yana kokarin muhimmanci da kuma dace Port Arthur so don samun Japan. A birni, kuma jirãge sunã cewa ya kasance a cikinta da aka katange. Rundujar soja masu dawaki "Rurik" ya tarwatsa makiya sojojin domin kawar da halin da ake ciki na tashar jiragen ruwa har sai da reinforcements sun jiragen ruwa na Baltic jiragen ruwa. Saboda icing bindigogi tawagar ya koma a takaicce zuwa Vladivostok.

kariya Vladivostok

gyara "Rurik" The tashar jiragen ruwa maye. Santa Fe (da irin wanda aka gashi) a bayansa da abinci da kayayyaki, da kuma ya sake buga hanya. Na biyu yaƙin neman zaɓe. babu Japan jiragen ruwa a bahar. Amma ko da wannan tafiya na Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki tilasta makiya jefa wani ɓangare na su dakarun zuwa da tsoro da Rasha.

A watan Maris, maƙiyi rundujar soja masu dawaki, bar Yellow Sea zuwa ga tsibirin Askold a Peter Mai girma Bay kusa Vladivostok. A naúrar sun latest Japan hasumiya jirgin ruwa na soja "Azuma", "Izumo", "Yakumo" da "Iwate". Su aka tare da 'yan haske jiragen ruwa. A rundujar soja masu dawaki bude wuta a kan Vladivostok. Bawo tashi zuwa birnin ba, amma mutanen da suke ba kadan firgita. "Rurik" auna anga a tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin minti goma bayan na farko Shots ƙaho. A bay akwai kankara. Sun hana m fita daga tashar jiragen ruwa. Cruisers detachment yana cikin Ussuri Bay a lokacin da Japan ya riga ya bar su a matsayinsu. Magariba, da jirãge wucewa wani mil ashirin, da kuma kamawa gaban maƙiyi a kan sararin sama ya tsaya. Bugu da kari, a Vladivostok fara tsoron cewa Japan wani wuri kusa bar nawa.

sabon kalubale

Da gazawar da farko kwanaki na yaki jagoranci ga ma'aikata yawa a gudanar da jiragen ruwa. A tsarist gwamnati nada shugaban Admiral Makarov. Ya kafa kafin "Rurik" da rundujar soja masu dawaki na sabon kalubale. Aka yanke shawarar bari da dabarun na hare-hare a kan kasar Japan Coast. Maimakon haka, "Rurik" yanzu yana hana da canja wurin da sojojin abokan gaba a Wonsan. Wannan Korean tashar jiragen ruwa ya kasance a Japan beachhead, daga can ya fara ƙasa ayyukan.

Makarov yarda ka je teku a wani abun da ke ciki (ko na zama jiragen ruwa ko mutum motocin). Ya yi ta muhawwara a kan tushen da cewa Rasha makamai more iko da tasiri fiye da na Japan. Admiral ba daidai ba ne. Shapkozakidatelskie yanayi a Rasha a kan Hauwa'u na yaki sun sananne. Japan mutane ba su sani ba da tsanani adawar.

A tattalin arzikin wannan Asia kasar na dogon lokaci zauna a cikin kadaici. Shi ne kawai a cikin 'yan shekaru a Tokyo fara tilasta sake fasalin a cikin sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa. New sojojin da aka gina a kan Yammacin Turai model. Kayan aiki da aka saya a matsayin waje, da kuma kawai mafi kyau quality. A Japan baki a Far East a Moscow tsinkãya, idan akai la'akari da Japan upstarts. Shi ne saboda wannan m hali da kuma aka rasa dukan yaki. Amma a yanzu, da al'amurra sun m, da kuma hedkwatar bege ga mafi kyau da kuma ƙarfin hali na Rasha matuƙan.

zurfi

Fiye da wata daya, "Rurik" da ke cikin tashar jiragen ruwa. A halin yanzu, Admiral Makarov aka kashe a kusa da Port Arthur. Ya kasance a kan jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk", Lands a wata ƙasa tawa. Japan High umurnin ya yanke shawarar cewa bayan da ban tausayi mutuwa na Admiral Rasha na dogon lokaci ba pop fita daga cikin kewaye Port Arthur. Saboda haka, a Tokyo umurce su da su murkushe kungiyar, tushen a Vladivostok.

A wannan lokaci, "Rurik" sake tafi zango. A wannan lokaci, da rundujar soja masu dawaki koma a cikin shugabanci na Japan birnin Hakodate. A teku, ta kama wani jirgin ruwa da kai, wanda aka sunk da wani torpedo, wanda aka fara "Rasha." The fursunoni fada cewa nan kusa ne da wani rundujar soja masu dawaki na Admiral Kamimura. Sa'an nan da jirãge Rasha jũya zuwa Vladivostok, kuma bai isa Hakodate. By wani sa'a sa'a, da wannan lokaci teams hadu. Kamimura jiragen ruwa suna da karfi fiye da Rasha, wanda zai iya haifar da wani isasshiya shan kashi.

Amma har a cikin wannan precarious "Rurik" Matsayinka a samu nasarar yi burin. Vladivostok rundujar soja masu dawaki da ya shagaltar da wani ɓangare na makiya sojojin daga Port Arthur. Tun Afrilu Kamimura jiragen ruwa an daina bar tekun Japan, wanda shi ne kawai a hannun Rasha. A watan Mayu, an m daidaituwa, da jirgin ruwa na soja "Hercules" yi hadari, suka binne a cikin cliffs na Cape Bruce. Bayan da ya faru a cikin rundujar soja masu dawaki bar uku jiragen ruwa.

Yaki a Straits Shimoneseki

A kwanaki na ƙarshe na bazara 1904, uku Cruisers sake shiga fama iyo. Kafin shigar da mashigar Shimoneseki, Suka yi tuntuɓe a kan Japan kai jiragen ruwa. Radio aiki da basira sa rediyo tsangwama, saboda wanda makiya bai iya fayil mai wuya kira Admiral Kamimura. Japan jiragen ruwa warwatse. Da safe, da hazo a sararin sama sintiri jirgin ruwa na soja "Tsushima".

The jirgin ƙoƙarin tserewa, kuma isa ga tudu. Yana fara wani janar bi. Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki ya iya cimma da kai jirgin "Izumo Maru." Yana da aka sunk bayan wani tsanani bombardment. Daga cikin jirgin ya kashe wajen ɗari mutane. A wasu swam a daban-daban kwatance. Crews "Rurik" da "Rasha" yanke shawarar ba za a rabu da "Gromoboya" kuma tsaya da bi.

A ƙofar zuwa cikin mashigar Shimoneseki lit wani maƙiyi motocin. The jirgin ko da kokarin je RAM "Gromoboya," amma babu abin da ya zo da shi. Ya aka harbe a aya blank iyaka kuma a karshe gama kashe ta a torpedo. Jirgin ya nutse. A game da dubu sojoji da goma sha takwas iko howitzers, wanda da Japan suna tafiya amfani ga kewaye na Port Arthur. Matsayin kewaye da birnin da aka samun muni. A cikin wadannan yanayi, da Vladivostok rundujar soja masu dawaki kusan taba bar tẽku, kuma idan ka daina, a tashar jiragen ruwa, kawai don sauri restock. Lokaci a gyara da kuma maye gurbin sawa sassa ba.

karshe karo

Bayan da yawa maneuvering 14 ga watan Agusta, 1904 a jirgin ruwa na soja "Rasha", "Stormbreaker" da "Rurik" karshe fuskanci Japan jiragen ruwa. Akwai shida jiragen ruwa. Su outnumbered da Rasha Kotun makamai kariya da kuma firepower. Vladivostok detachment tafi zuwa ga taimakon jiragen ruwa kokarin warware daga encirclement a Port Arthur.

Japan bindigogi da aka harbe-harben kudi da kuma iko fiye da 4-Musulunci. Wannan rabo ne m da bakin ciki sakamakon da yaƙi. A farkon karo, ya bayyana cewa makiya na da amfani. Sa'an nan aka yanke shawarar komawa jirãge a tashar jiragen ruwa na Vladivostok. Make wannan ba zai yiwu ba. A bindigogi na jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik" kokarin ci gaba da abokan gaba a wani hadari nesa, amma bayan wata rijiya-da nufin volley jirgin abinci samu wani hatsari rami.

Saboda fadowa daina aiki da matuƙin jirgin ruwa, da iko aka rasa. The masu kwarãrar ruwa compartments. Tuƙi tiller da sabon aka kura idon a cikin awa daya. The ruwan wukake an matsattse, saboda abin da ma'aikatan jirgin ya zama m garkuwa da halin da ake ciki. jirgin ya gudu ya ci gaba da rage, ko da yake ya gudanar da baya shakka. "Rurik" (Fe 1892) ya fara wanzuwa da sauran jiragen ruwa na rundujar soja masu dawaki. Distance ƙara steadily tsakanin su.

kewaye

A Korea mashigar Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki zo a karkashin umurnin Karl Jessen. Lokacin da shugaban ya gane cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne, ya ba da umurni, "Rasha" da "Stormbreaker" cover "Rurik" ta Japan wuta. Diversionary tactic tabbatar da mara amfani. A crews daga wadannan jiragen ruwa sha wahala nauyi asarar. A matuƙan da kuma jami'an fadi matattu a karkashin nauyi maƙiyi wuta.

Saboda wannan dalili, "Rasha" da "Stormbreaker" da aka tilasta su bar cikin Korean mashigar. Da farko, Yesse fatan cewa Japan sulke Cruisers, wakiltar cikin mafi girma da hadari, da bi na flagship da kuma barin "Rurik" kadai. Gun jirgin iya kare shi daga hare-haren na huhu tasoshin. Idan tawagar da sauri gyara da lalacewa, da jirgin ruwa na soja za su iya ci gaba da tafiya da baya gida ko a kalla tafi zuwa ga Korean Coast.

A Japan gaske garzaya bayan da "Rasha". Duk da haka, a lokacin da ta fiye da isar da na mallaka Navy jiragen ruwa zone, ya koma ga fagen fama. A wannan lokaci, "Rurik" An kokarin rawar daji da kuma ci gaba su yi tsayayya, ko da yake saboda lalata da firepower muhimmanci raunana. Sa'an nan da ƙungiya yunkurin RAM da Japan jiragen ruwa na haske. Wadanda iya tserewa da kuma matsayin shirinku koma a tsawon nisa. All sun bar, don haka shi ne ya jira har sai da jirgin yana farawa nutse kewaye, da kuma mutuwar da jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik" zai zama makawa. A karshe da Rasha matuƙan kaddamar da wani torpedo a maƙiyi daga karshe tsira da torpedo tube. Duk da haka, da manufa mai linzami bai buga.

Order Ivanov goma sha uku

A farkon yakin mutu kyaftin "Rurik" Evgeny Trusov. Mortally rauni da kuma wani babban jami'i wanda ya kamata ya maye gurbin shi. A total na mutane 800 ne aka kashe a wata tawagar 200, kuma game da 300 suka ji rauni. A karshe tsira babban jami'i ya bayyana Konstantin Ivanov. A karshen wata biyar-hour yaƙi, lokacin da sakamako da aka riga bayyanannu, cewa mutum ya umurninSa.

A halin yanzu, kasar Japan ta fara bayar da sakonni cewa sun amince su yarda da sallama da makiya. Rundujar soja masu dawaki umarta ta Admiral Kamimura Hikonodzo. Ya dawo daga bin "Rasha" da "Gromoboya" kuma yanzu jiran wani martani kewaye da ƙungiya. A lokacin da Yahaya ya gane cewa duk juriya wajen da aka ƙãre, ya umurce su da su nutse cikin jirgin. Yawancin lokaci Rasha jiragen ruwa amfani da wannan manufa, musamman zargin, wanda gurgunta da jirgin ruwa. Amma wannan lokaci suka lalace. Sa'an nan da ƙungiya yanke shawarar bude Kingston - musamman bawuloli. Sa'an nan da ruwa zuba a cikin jirgin ta tsarin ko da karfi. "Rurik" (Fe 1892) da sauri sunk ya kife, da farko zuwa gefen hagu, sa'an nan gaba daya a karkashin ruwa.

Ft da ɗaukaka jirgin ruwa na soja

Rasha rasa da Rasha-Japanese yaki, amma da sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa sake a duk faɗin duniya sun nuna su ƙarfin hali da kuma addini a gare wajibi. A Korea mashigar jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik" karo da jiragen ruwa da suke yawa more zamani da iko fiye da shi. Rabu amfani Ships tare da matalauta makamai, duk da haka, ya ɗauki yãƙi. Ft jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik" da aka nuna yabo sosai ba kawai a gida amma kuma a} asashen waje, har ma a Japan.

Konstantin Ivanov jami'in a cikin ƙungiya sa lambar 13. Wannan wani sojan ruwa hadisin cewa kara zuwa namesakes. Bayan yaki da kuma koma mahaifarsa, ya aka bayar yawa awards (kamar duk comrades). Sarkin sarakuna, a ji daga cikin dakin, ya mafi umurnin canza sunan jami'in da. Konstantin Ivanov Konstantin Ivanov ya zama goma sha uku. Yau, da Rasha sojojin ruwa ya ci gaba da tuna da heroism da aminci sabis na jirgin ruwa na soja. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a 1890 da jirgin yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaba na agogon Alexander Kolchak. Da yawa daga baya ya zama wani admiral, sa'an nan - daya daga cikin shugabannin na White motsi da kuma babban abokan adawar na sabon Bolshevik gwamnati.

A shekarar 1906, da jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik 2" da aka kaddamar. Yana da aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ya gada, flooded a lokacin da Rasha-Japanese yaki. A jirgin ya zama kan gaba, na Baltic jiragen ruwa. A jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik 2" ya dauki kashi a yakin duniya na, abu akai wuta tare da Jamusanci kotu. Wannan jirgin kuma ya kashe. Yana buga wani mine 20 Nuwamba 1916 kashe bakin tekun na Gotland.